傅楨：上海新東方中/高級口譯聽力教學(xué)專家，口譯教研組成員。中、高級口譯筆試閱卷人，高級同聲翻譯，上外英語語言文學(xué)碩士。曾在大學(xué)時期多次獲得上海市英語演講比賽冠軍，并獲得專業(yè)英語四級考試全國最高分。


?????? 高級口譯第一階段考試中的聽力測試分為4部分：spot dictation, listening comprehension, note-taking & gap-filling, listening & translation. 這四部分各有特點，但要想各個擊破，全面開花，“筆記”始終是關(guān)鍵。

1． spot dictation

　　在這個部分，考生將聽到一篇350詞左右的短文，文章題材廣泛，涉及科技，文化，經(jīng)濟，外交等方面。錄音播放一遍，語速為150詞/分鐘，文章中留出20處空格要求考生填寫，填寫部分的詞或短語長度以6個為限，一般以4詞為多。錄音播放完畢后有4分鐘左右時間整理答案。這部分考題其實沒太多技術(shù)含量，拼的就是速度和準(zhǔn)確性。新東方的做法是：要快，準(zhǔn)，狠的捕捉到答案，得依靠短時記憶和筆錄能力，而巧妙精確的筆記在聽寫過程中省時省力，答案整理過程中能激活一遍錄音留下的記憶，讓考生迅速正確的判斷和補充殘缺不全的詞和短語。

?????? 1）建立一套方便實用的縮略語體系。例如：↗(improve), ＞(more/more than), ＜(less/less than),= (equal to), 2 （to）, C (see), eg (for example), info (information), prof (professor), Am (America/American), std (stand/standard), W (world/women), uni (university), edu (education/educational)等等?？s寫符號一定要固定，慢慢建立條件反射，耳朵一聽到某個詞，手就自動給出特定縮寫，整理答案時則能見形知意，毋庸推敲。

?????? 2）氣定神閑，利用錄音朗讀非填空內(nèi)容的時間從容書寫。聽錄音時沒有必要speaker念到哪里眼睛就追到哪里，而應(yīng)迅速記錄眼前空格里的字詞，同時用余光留意下一個空前面的兩個字（定位詞），當(dāng)念到該詞時直接跳至下一空格準(zhǔn)備記錄其中內(nèi)容: 不浪費一秒鐘，不放過一個空。?

復(fù)旦2000人“新東方口譯講座”

2． listening comprehension

　　listening comprehension的題型主要是考生在CET4/6中就見慣的talks & conversations，難度較低，形式老套，大有希望拿到高分，但有相當(dāng)多考生因一時大意而錯失得分良機，究其原因往往是聽錄音時走神遺漏細節(jié)，或者內(nèi)容太多，以至于聽時了然回頭茫然。這個時候筆記的作用又突現(xiàn)出來：簡單幾筆，幫助考生集中注意力，同時為回憶問題對應(yīng)內(nèi)容提供可靠依據(jù)。

例：2004年9月考試Listening Comprehension question 11: What nationality is the woman being interviewed?

A. American B. British C. Russian D. German

You will hear:

Man: Ms. Sharman, we all know that you have a place in history as Britain’s first astronaut. I don’t think any of us has any plans to follow you into the space, but we certainly want to know how you set about getting yourself into orbit.
Women: I was driving my car home from work. I was trying to listen to some music really. I was just flicking through some radio stations finding some light music. And the advert went: astronaut wanted, no experience necessary and then went on to describe that the Russians had offered opportunity to somebody from the United Kingdom to train and then to blast off on one of their rockets and to do experiments in space. I thought “Wow! Yes! This is really something I really want to do!” Because I had never thought about being an astronaut before that. I mean nobody tells you at school that if you studies sciences and keep up with your languages then maybe one day you can be an astronaut. …

Woman: There was never the opportunity for anybody from this country to be an astronaut. Now maybe if I had grown up in Russia or America maybe that would have been an ambition.

　　四個選項都是國家的形容詞形式，一看便知是和nationality相關(guān)問題?？墒俏恼轮蟹稚⒊霈F(xiàn)過Britain, Russia, America，如果不做些筆記，整個interview聽完了以后印象也可能模糊了。所以，不妨在聽的過程中對選項進行適當(dāng)標(biāo)注：opportunity↙A. American B. Britain→W from↖C. Russian D. German↘want astro這樣一來便百問不倒了。

上外1000新東方口譯講座如癡如醉1

3． note-taking & gap-filling

　　本部分錄音為長度700詞左右，語速約170詞/分鐘的文章，只放一遍，要求考生邊聽邊記錄重點。之后考生會得到所聽內(nèi)容的summary，長度200詞左右，其中有20處空白要求填寫，每空一詞。這是絕大多數(shù)人感到最頭疼的一個部分，得分超過10分（滿分20分）的人極少，撇開聽力理解能力本身的問題，主要原因是筆記質(zhì)量差，不懂得該記什么怎么記。故新東方的做法是：1）筆記要有選擇性。既然最后要補充的是summary而非原文，那么需要記錄的肯定是表達文章主旨及基本內(nèi)容的詞，細節(jié)性的東西完全可以一聽而過。

　　 例如：Business people in Japan and some Latin American countries like to stand close together as they talk. These people partially judge how close they are to agreement in their negotiations by how physically close they’re standing or sitting next to each other. Now Americans, on the other hand, do not want other people invading their personally space. This is especially important to American men. If an American businessman were negotiating with a Japanese man and the Japanese man began to move toward the American, the American would most likely begin to back away. This could result in both men becoming suspicious of each other and it could result in poor communications between them. （2004年9月N&G）

??????? 全篇文章主題是不同文化背景的人在商業(yè)活動中行為方式的差異。橫線部分的細枝末節(jié)不可能進入僅200字的summary，那么根本無須做筆記。2）筆記的書寫方式有兩個特性：A. 簡略性。做spot dictation中采用的各種縮略手法又可以派上用場了。B. 條理性。筆記最好能體現(xiàn)文章主題思想的發(fā)展，這樣在補充summary時才能讓筆記里的詞對號入座。仍然以上面的一段文字為例，筆記可以為：Jp & Lt Am cls /cls agmt nego= phy cls / Am × invd pers spc esp. M. 其中 “=” 表示定義， “×” 表示否定。

同濟5000人“新東方口譯盛會”

4． Listening Translation

　　聽譯內(nèi)容分為單句和段落兩部分。單句長度30詞左右，段落為100詞左右，語速約150詞/分鐘。單句間隔50秒，段落間隔200秒供學(xué)生翻譯書寫。做聽譯筆記的原則是：記內(nèi)容而非語言。聽譯內(nèi)容都只放一遍，短短的時間，要理解原文，還要將其譯成目的語，根本沒有余地供考生字斟句酌。換言之，碰上太煩瑣的內(nèi)容，不必強求十分精準(zhǔn)，以抓住主要信息為首要任務(wù)。句子聽譯和段落聽譯的筆記要區(qū)別對待。句子轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝，沒有上下文做參考，越想把筆記記得詳細恐怕越影響理解，損失的信息也越多。所以，新東方的做法是：句子聽譯部分的筆記應(yīng)主要記下數(shù)據(jù)，人名，地名，時間，列舉項目，句子里其他內(nèi)容就留給大腦記憶吧。段落聽譯的筆記則應(yīng)記得比較詳細，但也應(yīng)該根據(jù)內(nèi)容性質(zhì)挑選側(cè)重點，倉促間可省略掉非要素性的部分。

　　例如：Police said that about five hundred homes were washed away by floods after a typhoon struck the west coast of the island yesterday bringing driving rains and winds of up to eighty miles per hour. The typhoon flooded wide areas of the island and crippled communications and power supplies. All domestic flights were cancelled yesterday and the international airport was closed for about five hours. Government radio reported that two passenger ferries had been sunk but gave no details of casualties. It will be some time before we hear the final casualty figures. 其實這種關(guān)于災(zāi)難的新聞報道性質(zhì)的內(nèi)容，重要信息應(yīng)該是：time, location, damage, casualty, influence. 筆記可記為：500 home floo← 臺 W isl yest→ rai&win 80m/h ∥ flood wide / × commu & pow∥dome 飛 × int airp 關(guān) 5h ∥ 2 ferr sunk ×dtl casu∥tm → final casu 而原文里什么“police said” “government radio reported that…”都沒必要去記。
　　

新東方：上海交大口譯講如火如荼

聽力部分筆記的記法說起來挺簡單，但必須以良好的聽力理解能力為基礎(chǔ)，并需多多練習(xí)方可熟能生巧。做筆記的意識和能力一旦加強，不但聽力考試受益非淺，口譯考試勝算也高了很多。

內(nèi)容提供：


????? 上海新東方學(xué)校

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