Fancy butch men? Then you probably live in the city: Urban life makes us more attracted to masculine males and feminine women.

當(dāng)今社會(huì)哪種長(zhǎng)相對(duì)異性更有吸引力呢？是更中性化的長(zhǎng)相還是性別特征明顯的長(zhǎng)相呢？最近有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種人類的性選擇偏好受城市化程度的影響。生活在工業(yè)化、城市化程度高的地區(qū)的人更喜歡性別特征明顯的異性。

In a world of supermodels and Hollywood heart throbs, it's easy to assume many of us want our men to be manly and our women girlish and womanly.

在這樣一個(gè)超模、好萊塢影星風(fēng)靡全球的時(shí)代里，我們顯然會(huì)認(rèn)為人們都喜歡男人更man，女人更柔。

But new research suggests that, rather than being a sexual selection preference that has evolved over hundreds of years, it's a relatively new habit that has only emerged in modern, urbanised societies.

但是一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，與已經(jīng)進(jìn)化了上百年的性選擇偏好不同，在當(dāng)今這個(gè)現(xiàn)代化、城市化程度頗高的社會(huì)中，出現(xiàn)了一種相對(duì)較新的性選擇偏好。

A team of psychologists found that people in small-scale, more rural societies instead have a preference for more netural, or least ‘sex-typical’ features.

心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)生活在規(guī)模較小的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)的人更喜歡長(zhǎng)相中性化或是性別特征相對(duì)沒有那么突出的人。

The researchers, which also included anthropologists and biologists led by Brunel University London, surveyed 12 populations around the world, from the primitive to the highly developed.

包括倫敦布魯內(nèi)爾大學(xué)的人類學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家在內(nèi)的研究人員，調(diào)查了世界范圍內(nèi)從原住民地區(qū)到高度發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的12個(gè)人群。

Surprisingly, only in the most industrialised and urbanised environments did people hold the well-worn opinion that highly feminine women, and highly masculine men are attractive.

令人吃驚的是，結(jié)果顯示，只有生活在工業(yè)化和城市化程度最高的地區(qū)的人才認(rèn)為女性化特征顯著的女性和男性化特征顯著的男性有吸引力。

Lecturer in psychology at Brunel University London, Andrew Clark, said: ‘We digitally morphed masculine and feminine faces from photographs of people to find out what choices people from small-scale societies made.

在倫敦布魯內(nèi)爾大學(xué)的心理學(xué)講座上，安德魯·克拉克說：“我們利用電子技術(shù)變換了人們照片中男性化和女性化的面孔，為的是研究生活在規(guī)模較小的地區(qū)的人們的選擇。”

‘We found that they didn't place the same emphasis on 'sex typicality', that is, on highly feminine women and highly masculine men.

“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們并沒有將選擇重點(diǎn)放在‘性別典型性’（即女性更具女性化特征、男性更具男性化特征）上?！?/div>

In fact, they often favoured the neutral face, and sometimes the least ‘sex-typical’ one.’

“事實(shí)上，他們更喜歡那些中性化的面孔，有時(shí)甚至是最不具性別典型性的那張面孔?！?/div>

The team also found that the perception that masculine males appear aggressive increased with urbanisation.

該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)還發(fā)現(xiàn)城市化程度越高，男性化特征顯著的男性會(huì)被認(rèn)為越有攻擊性。

A total of 962 participants were shown sets of three opposite-sex composite, and digitally-manipulated photos.

研究人員給962名被試呈現(xiàn)幾組包括經(jīng)電腦處理過的三張異性照片。

For each set of photographs, representing different ethnic groups, participants were asked which face was most attractive and which appeared most aggressive.

各組照片呈現(xiàn)的是不同種族的人群，被試被要求從中選出最有吸引力和看起來(lái)最有攻擊性的面孔。

‘This data challenges the theory that exaggerated sex-specific traits were important for social and sexual selection in ancestral environments,’ added Dr Clark.

“由此得到的結(jié)果對(duì)之前的理論提出了質(zhì)疑，這種理論認(rèn)為在原始的環(huán)境中鮮明、突出的性別特征對(duì)社會(huì)和性別選擇至關(guān)重要?！笨死瞬┦空f。

‘Preferences for sex typical faces are a novel phenomenon of modern environments. It's probably not a consistent thread in human history.’

“對(duì)性別特征顯著的面孔的偏好是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的一個(gè)新現(xiàn)象。這可能不是人類歷史上始終如一的一種偏好?！?/div>

The team suggest that highly developed environments with large, dense populations may have exposed individuals to a greater range of unfamiliar faces, providing the opportunity - and perhaps motive - to discover subtle relationships between facial traits and behaviour.

該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)還表示，高度發(fā)達(dá)、人口稠密的地區(qū)可能因?yàn)槟苁谷私佑|到大量的不熟悉面孔，而為人們發(fā)現(xiàn)面孔特征和行為之間的微妙關(guān)系提供了一種機(jī)會(huì)或者動(dòng)機(jī)。

The findings are published in the journal PNAS.

該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院院刊》上。