A chemical that has been linked to cancer cell growth is being used by millions of Americans in toothpaste every day, it has emerged.
在成千上萬(wàn)的美國(guó)人每天使用的牙膏中，可能存在一種導(dǎo)致癌細(xì)胞增長(zhǎng)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

The company behind Colgate Total insists that triclosan, which it uses to stave off gum disease, is safe to use because the toothpaste was approved in 1997 by the Food and Drug Administration.
高露潔全效牙膏所屬公司堅(jiān)稱其牙膏中含有的用來(lái)預(yù)防牙周病的名為三氯生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)是安全的，因?yàn)樵撐镔|(zhì)曾在1997年獲得美國(guó)食品藥品管理局（FDA）的批準(zhǔn)可以用于牙膏。

But the toxicology documents used by the FDA to approve the toothpaste were only released early this year after a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit last year - the agency relied upon company-backed science to reach its conclusion, Bloomberg News reported.
但是彭博新聞社的報(bào)道稱，F(xiàn)DA當(dāng)時(shí)審核所依據(jù)的毒理學(xué)文件是去年一起信息自由法案的訴訟之后、在今年上半年才發(fā)布的，另外，F(xiàn)DA當(dāng)時(shí)使用的醫(yī)學(xué)論據(jù)來(lái)自于生產(chǎn)商有關(guān)的科研實(shí)驗(yàn)。

The 35-page report reveals the FDA had concerns that triclosan could increase the risk of cancer - but Colgate said the chemical was only problematic in large doses.
長(zhǎng)達(dá)35頁(yè)的報(bào)告顯示FDA曾對(duì)三氯生可能存在的致癌性的擔(dān)憂，但是高露潔公司則稱三氯生只有在大劑量使用時(shí)才會(huì)出問(wèn)題。

But evidence available at the time, as well as newer studies, show there are indeed concerns with the chemical - including premature births and underdeveloped bones in animals.
然而目前已有的證據(jù)以及最新的研究都表明該化學(xué)物質(zhì)確實(shí)令人擔(dān)憂，包括已在動(dòng)物研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的的早產(chǎn)和骨質(zhì)發(fā)育不全現(xiàn)象。

'The recently released pages, taken alongside new research on triclosan, raise questions about whether the agency did appropriate due diligence in approving Total 17 years ago,' scientists told Bloomberg.
科學(xué)家告訴彭博新聞社，“最近發(fā)表的文章，以及有關(guān)三氯生的最新研究，都對(duì)17年前FDA批準(zhǔn)高露潔全效牙膏是否盡職盡責(zé)提出了質(zhì)疑。”

In 2010, a student linked triclosan, which has commonly been used to reduce bacteria contamination, to reduced fertility in mice and a 2013 study linked it to lowered sperm production in rats.
2010年，一名學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)了常被用來(lái)減少細(xì)菌污染的三氯生可能與實(shí)驗(yàn)小鼠生育率的下降有關(guān)，2013年的一項(xiàng)研究又發(fā)現(xiàn)三氯生可能會(huì)降低實(shí)驗(yàn)小鼠的精子數(shù)。

And a study from 2003 found triclosan in the urine of 75 per cent of 2,517 Americans - including children - who were tested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
2003年，一項(xiàng)由疾病控制與預(yù)防中心負(fù)責(zé)的檢測(cè)，共有包括兒童在內(nèi)的2517名美國(guó)人參與，在其中75%的參與者尿液里發(fā)現(xiàn)了三氯生。

Despite evidence - including pages in the report showing how tests found fetal bone malformations in mice and rats - Colgate deemed the results irrelevant because they were conducted on animals.
盡管已有的證據(jù)都表明了現(xiàn)有研究是如何在實(shí)驗(yàn)小鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)胎兒骨骼畸形等一些問(wèn)題的，可高露潔公司依然以這些研究的對(duì)象是動(dòng)物為由，認(rèn)為這些結(jié)果沒(méi)有相關(guān)性。

'We have created a system where we are testing these chemicals out on the human population,' scientist Thomas Zoeller told Bloomberg. 'I love the idea they are all safe. But when we have studies on animals that suggest otherwise, I think we're taking a huge risk.'
“我們已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)用來(lái)檢測(cè)這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)人體的影響，”科學(xué)家托馬斯·卓勒告訴彭博新聞社，“我當(dāng)然非常希望它們都是安全的。但是我們?cè)趧?dòng)物身上的研究得到了不安全的結(jié)果，所以我想我們是在冒很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做這件事情?！?/div>

Still, Colgate said that the 35 pages do not prove the chemical is harmful to humans and said that its safety is proved by more than 80 clinical studies of 19,000 people.
與此同時(shí)，高露潔公司依然表示35頁(yè)的報(bào)告無(wú)法證明三氯生對(duì)人體的危害，相反，這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的安全性已在總計(jì)樣本量達(dá)1萬(wàn)9千人的80項(xiàng)臨床研究中得到了證實(shí)。

'In the nearly 18 years that Colgate Total has been on the market in the U.S., there has been no signal of a safety issue from adverse-event reports,' spokesman Thomas DiPiazza told Bloomberg.
“在高露潔全效牙膏出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)市場(chǎng)上的這近18年的時(shí)間里，還沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)任何與安全性有關(guān)的不良事件。”公司發(fā)言人托馬斯·迪皮亞扎說(shuō)。

He added that, while the FDA had been worried about the chemical's carcinogenicity, a study in 1997 found it did not pose a cancer risk for humans.
他還補(bǔ)充道，雖然FDA曾經(jīng)擔(dān)心過(guò)三氯生的致癌性，但1997年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)它不會(huì)帶給人們癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Colgate said it has no plans to reformulate Total toothpaste.
高露潔公司還表示他們沒(méi)有計(jì)劃對(duì)高露潔全效牙膏做出改變。

The FDA said on its website that triclosan is 'not known' to be dangerous to humans - but the results found in animals has given them enough of a reason to run tests again.
FDA在其網(wǎng)站上稱三氯生對(duì)人類的危險(xiǎn)性仍然“未知”，但是在動(dòng)物身上得到的研究結(jié)果讓他們有充分理由進(jìn)行再次檢測(cè)。

Drug regulators are now reviewing the dangers of the chemical, but they will only re-visit the approval of Total if they find a great enough reason to.
藥品管理機(jī)構(gòu)目前正在重新審查該化學(xué)物質(zhì)的危險(xiǎn)性，但是如果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了充分的理由他們也只會(huì)重新核查高露潔全效牙膏的批準(zhǔn)文件。

In a sign of the concern over the chemical, Minnesota lawmakers banned the chemical in May. Avon and Johnson & Johnson have also announced plans to cut the chemical from its products.
由于對(duì)該化學(xué)物質(zhì)的擔(dān)憂，明尼蘇達(dá)州已經(jīng)制定法律從五月份起將其禁用。雅芳及強(qiáng)生公司也宣布在其產(chǎn)品中去除該化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

In 2010, the European Union banned triclosan in materials that come into contact with food.
2010年的時(shí)候，歐盟已經(jīng)規(guī)定在生產(chǎn)與食品接觸的材料中禁用三氯生。