一、形容詞的定義
形容詞的判斷方法
判斷一個(gè)詞是不是形容詞,可以從其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和句法特點(diǎn)兩方面來(lái)確定.
(1)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
以-able,-al,-ful, -ic,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后綴結(jié)尾的詞,一般是形容詞,如:changeable(多變的),medical(醫(yī)學(xué)上的),careful(仔細(xì)的),atomic(原子的),foolish(愚蠢的),careless(粗心的),delicious(美味的),healthy(健康的),rainy(多雨的)等.
(2)句法特點(diǎn)
大多數(shù)形容詞都可以作定語(yǔ);在be,look,seem等詞之后作表語(yǔ);可用very來(lái)修飾,有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式.其中,在句中作定語(yǔ)或作表語(yǔ)是形容詞最主要的特點(diǎn).如:
Mary is very nice.瑪麗很可愛(ài).(表語(yǔ)) Mary is a nice girl.瑪麗是個(gè)可愛(ài)的女孩.(定語(yǔ))
He was asleep.他睡著了.(表語(yǔ)) She is a perfect teacher.她是位十全十美的老師.(定語(yǔ))
二、形容詞的用法
1.用作定語(yǔ)
Li Mei is a beautiful city girl. The new student comes from Japan..
2.用作表語(yǔ)
My father's car is very expensive. The English story is very interesting.
常見(jiàn)的后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:
①become, come, fall, get, go, grow, make, turn(表示"變成某種狀態(tài)")
②continue, hold, keep, lie, remain, stay(表示"保持某種狀態(tài)")
③appear, feel, look, smell, sound, taste, know(表示"感覺(jué)")
例如:
He turned red when he heard the news.
It's going to stay cold for some time. The beer tastes very delicious.
3.用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Don't keep the door open. His success made him happy.
4."the+形容詞",表示一類(lèi)人或事物,相當(dāng)于名詞,用作主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)
The old often think of old things. The new always take the place of the old.
5.有時(shí)也可用作狀語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
Please speak loud and clear. These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather, cold and hungry.
6.少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ).
這些形容詞包括 ill,asleep,awake,alone,alive,well,worth,glad,unable,afraid等.例如:
(正)Don't be afraid. (誤) Mr Li is an afraid man.
(正)The old man was ill yesterday. (誤)This is an ill person.
(正)This place is worth visiting. (誤)That is a worth book.
7.少數(shù)形容詞只能作定語(yǔ),不能作表語(yǔ).
這些形容詞包括 little, live(活著的),elder, eldest 等.例如:
(正)My elder brother is a doctor. (誤)My brother is elder than I.
(正)This is a little house. (誤)The house is little.
(正)Do you want live fish or dead one (誤)The old monkey is still live.
三、形容詞的位置
1.形容詞一般放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)
單個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),一般要放在名詞的前面.它們的前面常常帶有冠詞,形容詞性物主代詞,指示代詞,數(shù)詞等.例如:
a red flower一朵紅花 this interesting story這個(gè)有趣的故事
six blind men 六個(gè)盲人 my own house我自己的房子
(1)當(dāng)形容詞所修飾的詞是由some, any, every, no等構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí),形容詞必須置于所修飾的詞之后.例如:
She has something new to tell me. I have nothing important to do today.
Do you know anybody else here? 這兒你還有認(rèn)識(shí)的人嗎
(2)形容詞后面有介詞短語(yǔ)或不定式短語(yǔ)時(shí),形容詞必須置于名詞之后.例如:
It is a problem difficult to work out. Edison is a student difficult to teach.
This is a kind of flowers easy to grow. 這是一種易栽的花.
(3)在以下特殊用法中,形容詞置于所修飾的名詞之后.例如:
All people, young or old, should be strict with themselves.
We are building a new school, modern and super.
All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的國(guó)家,無(wú)論窮富,都應(yīng)該互相幫助.
(4)有少數(shù)形容詞,如enough和possible,既可置于所修飾的名詞之前,也可置于所修飾的名詞之后.例如:
Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare 你有足夠的時(shí)間做準(zhǔn)備嗎
Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或許它將成為你的一次可能的機(jī)遇.
(5)有些形容詞,置于名詞之前與之后,含義不盡相同.例如:
the writer present 出席的作家
the present writer 當(dāng)代的作家
2.兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí)的排列順序
限定詞→一般描繪性形容詞→表示大小,長(zhǎng)短,高低的形容詞→表示形狀的形容詞→表示年齡,新舊的形容詞→表示色彩的形容詞→表示國(guó)籍,地區(qū),出處的形容詞→表示物質(zhì),材料的形容詞→表示用途,類(lèi)別的形容詞→名詞中心詞.例如:
an exciting international football match一場(chǎng)令人激動(dòng)的國(guó)際足球賽
a new red sports shirt一件新的紅色運(yùn)動(dòng)衫
a light black plastic umbrella一把輕的黑塑料傘
a small old brown wooden house 一座小的舊的棕色的木頭房子
巧記形容詞的排列順序
不少學(xué)生對(duì)如何排列形容詞的順序頗感困惑.在此,我們向同學(xué)們介紹一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的記憶方法.即請(qǐng)你記住"限觀形齡色國(guó)材"這幾個(gè)字,這似乎有點(diǎn)不大好記,那就請(qǐng)你記住"縣官行令謝國(guó)材"吧.其含義分別是:
"縣"(限)代表限定詞,包括冠詞,指示代詞,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞所有格,數(shù)詞等.
"官"(觀)代表表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,如:fine,beautiful,interesting等.
"行"(形)代表表示大小,長(zhǎng)短,高低及形狀的形容詞,如:small,tall,high,little,round等.
"令"(齡)代表表示年齡,新舊的形容詞,如:old,young等.
"謝"("色"的近似音)代表表示顏色的形容詞,如:white,black,yellow等.
"國(guó)"代表表示國(guó)籍,地區(qū),出處的形容詞(名詞),如:English,American,mountain等.
"材"則代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,如:stone,wooden,silk,plastic等.
多個(gè)形容詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),就按上述順序排列,然后加上中心名詞.例如:
1.a fine old stone bridge一座古老漂亮的石橋
big round new Chinese wooden tables 兩張新的中國(guó)式的木制大圓桌
large new black foreign car 他那輛新的大型黑色外國(guó)轎車(chē)
形容詞練習(xí)題
1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys.　
A.　little two other　B. two little other　　C.　two other little　 D.　little other two
2） One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone　B. Chinese old stone　C. old stone Chinese　D. Chinese stone old
3） ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
　 ---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny　 B. last few sunny　 C. last sunny few　 D. few sunny last
4）-- Are you feeling ____?　
　---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well　B. any better　C. quite good　D. quite better
5）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.　
A.　more　 B.　much more　　 C.　much　　　 D.　more much
6）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.　
A. the happiest time　　B. a more happier time　
C. much happiest time　 D.　a much happier time
7）The weather in China is different from____.
A. in America　 B. one in America　 C. America
D. that in America
8）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many　　B. as many twice　　C. twice as many　D. twice many as
9）John has three sisters, Mary is the ____ of the three.
A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer
10). She told us ____ story that we all forget about the time.
A. such an interesting B. such interesting a
C. so an interesting D. a so interesting
11) The story sounds____.
A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true
12) The pianos in the other shop will be ____, but____.
A. cheaper, not as better B. more cheap, not as better
C. cheaper, not as good D. more cheap, not as good
13).----How did you find your visit to the museum? ----I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ____ than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting
14) ____ food you’ve cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
15) These oranges taste____.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
16) The experiment was ____ easier than we expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
17) Canada is larger than ____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
18) Which is _____ country, Canada or Australia?
A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger
19)----Are you feeling____?
----Yes, I am fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better
20) John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes____.
A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening
21）----Mum, I think I’m ____ to get back to school.
----Not really, my dear. You’d better to stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good C. Well enough D. good enough
22) ----I f you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
----Ok, but do you have ____ size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
23) I t takes a long time to go there by train; it’s ____ by boat.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
24) If there were no examinations, we should have____ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
25)----Have you finished your report yet?
----No, I’ll finish in ____ ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
26)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
----It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
30) ____, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
答案與解析
1.答案是C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--（大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色） --性質(zhì)--名詞"的順序可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序，只有C符合答案。
2.答案A. 幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來(lái)源+質(zhì)地+用途+國(guó)家+名詞。
3.答案是B。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問(wèn)題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個(gè)形容詞的重要性差不多，音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的方在后，在不能確定時(shí)，可參照：限定詞+數(shù)量詞（序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后）+性狀形容詞+大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞，如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。
4.答案是B. any 可修飾比較級(jí)，quite修飾原級(jí)，well的比較級(jí)為better.
5.答案是C.　much可修飾比較級(jí)，因此B，C都說(shuō)得通，但easier本身已是比較級(jí)，不需more，因此C為正確答案。
6.答案是D。
7.答案是D. 本題意為"中國(guó)的天氣比美國(guó)熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國(guó)家，C不能選。A沒(méi)有名詞，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用來(lái)代替可數(shù)名詞，而that可車(chē)以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞，所以選D。
8.答案是C. 此句意為"這個(gè)廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是往年的兩倍"。表示倍數(shù)用"倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對(duì)象"的句型。所以此句答案為C.
9. 答案是C.比較范圍在三者或三者以上應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。
10。答案是A。在so(such)…that … 的句型中，so修飾形容詞或副詞，such修飾名詞。
11.答案是D. sound是連系動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
12.答案是C。根據(jù)the other shop 的含義可判斷第一空白處為比較級(jí)，第二空白處為同級(jí)比較：not as good = not as good as the one in this shop.
13. 答案是A。多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)是在其前面加上more構(gòu)成，而比較級(jí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式可在其前面加上far.
14. 答案是D. 要掌握由what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的句型：
what + a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
what+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
how+形容詞+ a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)
15. 答案是A. taste是連系動(dòng)詞, good用作表語(yǔ).
16. 答案是C. much用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)easier.
17.答案是A. 要區(qū)分兩種句型: than+ any+ other+單數(shù)名詞(包括主語(yǔ)在內(nèi)); than+ any+ 單數(shù)名詞(不包括主語(yǔ)在內(nèi)). 眾所周知, 加拿大不屬于亞洲,所以A為正確答案.
18. 答案是D. 一般來(lái)說(shuō),形容詞比較級(jí)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)前面不加任何冠詞. 此句可理解為Canada is the two countries.
19. 答案是B. 本題考查對(duì)修飾比較級(jí)的程度副詞的掌握. any修飾比較級(jí), 一般用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句. quite 不能與比較級(jí)連用.
20. 答案是A. 本題考查對(duì)形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的掌握.當(dāng)open作賓補(bǔ)時(shí), 一般用它的形容詞,不用它的現(xiàn)在分詞形式.
21. 答案是C. 對(duì)話的內(nèi)容是談?wù)撋眢w情況,所以形容詞應(yīng)選用well. 另外, enough作副詞修飾形容詞時(shí)應(yīng)放在形容詞之后.
22. 答案是B. 根據(jù)a bit tight for me的提示,可推斷答案應(yīng)為比較級(jí). 形容詞的比較級(jí)修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),前面應(yīng)加a/an.
23. 答案是D. 這是一個(gè)省略句, 全句的內(nèi)容是: It’s quicker to go there by boat than by train.
24. 答案是D. have a good/happy/wonderful time是習(xí)慣用法. much修飾比較級(jí).
25. 答案是A. more 與another 在表示 ‘再’, ‘又’ 時(shí),用法不同, more放在數(shù)詞后面,而another放在前面.
26. 答案是B. 本題考查對(duì)形容詞排列順序的掌握.
30. 答案是D.以 however 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)把 however所修飾的形容詞放在它的后面.同時(shí), 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)不顛倒.?