連系動(dòng)詞(link.v)，不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)和及物動(dòng)詞(vt)的區(qū)別
一、系動(dòng)詞(link-v)。 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：①主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+V.+P)
連系動(dòng)詞不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，必須跟表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。系動(dòng)詞后的表語(yǔ)可以是名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、詞組、從句等。系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。
(1) 表示特征或狀態(tài)： be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, feel, turn out, prove等。
1) It sounds a good idea.
2) This food tastes good.
3) The door remained closed.

(2) 表示持續(xù)： keep, remain, stay, lie, stand等。
1) I hope you will keep fit.
2) We can remain friends.
3) Please stay seated.

(3) 表示變化： become, go, get, grow, turn, fall, come, run等。
1) He went mad.
2) His hair turned grey.
3) I fell ill.

二、不及物動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面通常不跟賓語(yǔ)，且無(wú)被動(dòng)形式。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：②主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(S+Vi)。
1) Birds can fly.
2) I can jump high.
其他不及物動(dòng)詞：agree, arrive, arise, belong, come, die, dive, exist, fall, flow, go, happen, hurry, rise, listen, look, rise, run, sit, sail, succeed walk, work, stay等.
不及物動(dòng)詞若要跟賓語(yǔ)，必須在其后加介詞方可再接賓語(yǔ)(Vi+prep.+O).
1) Look at me !
2) Sit on the stool!

三、及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)，且可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
1. ③主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(S+Vt+O)
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
還有forget, receive, see, say, supply, select, show, take, raise, visit, spend等

2. ④主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)(人)+直接賓語(yǔ)(物)(S+Vt+sb+sth)
1) Please show me the letter.
2) Please hand me the book over there.
3) Can you buy me a meal?
4) John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.
5) I will give you the latest newsletter.
6) She made me a beautiful dress.
若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)(事物)，后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)(人)，則要借助于介詞to或for, 如：

1) He brings cookies to me every day.
2) She made a beautiful dress for me.

常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:
(需借助to的) ask, bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write等。
(需借助for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, find, get, make, order, sing, save等。

3. ⑤主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(S+Vt+O+O.C)
賓補(bǔ)的定義：有些及物動(dòng)詞帶了賓語(yǔ)后還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足成分才能使句子完整，這個(gè)補(bǔ)足成分就叫做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的行為、特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。
主要有下面幾種類型：
1. Vt+賓語(yǔ)+名詞 She found him a very clever boy.
2. Vt+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞 He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.
3. Vt+賓語(yǔ)+副詞或介詞短語(yǔ) To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
4. Vt+賓語(yǔ)+to do They asked me to go fishing.
類似動(dòng)詞：tell, beg, force, wish, want, expect, advise, permit, order, persuade等
5. 及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+doing/do/done
I saw you taking the key out of your pocket when I came in.
I saw you take the key out of your pocket.= I saw the key taken out of your pocket.
類似動(dòng)詞：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have等

四、既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義不變。
1) Our game begins.
2) Let us begin our game.
3) “I’m sorry,” he answered.
4) He didn’t answer my question.
類似動(dòng)詞：start, sing, close, consider, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve, increase…

五、既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。
1) He lifted his glass and drank. (vt舉起)
2) We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted(vi消散).
類似動(dòng)詞：beat (vi.跳動(dòng) vt.打) 　grow (vi.生長(zhǎng) vt.種植) hang (vi.懸掛 vt.絞死)　 smell (vi.聞起來(lái) vt.嗅)
鞏固練習(xí)(找錯(cuò)誤)
1)When did Susan marry to Paul? 2)She is laughing the crippled man.
3)Who will answer to this question? 4)He arrived London yesterday.
5)The children are listening the music. 6)Children must obey to their parents.
7)The tiger attacked on the boy. 8)He hopes to serve for his nation.
9)His idea is sounded reasonable. 10)Nothing is remained to do.
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