4.3 沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞

1.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞一般不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,因此一般不能用進(jìn)行時(shí):
We feel great joy at the good news.我們聽(tīng)到好消息非常高興。
I hope you have a good time on your trip.祝你旅途愉快。
I can't think why you did it.我不懂你為何做那件事。
I don't think she'll come.(=I think she will not come.)我想她不會(huì)來(lái)了。
【注意】 think當(dāng)“想”的意思講時(shí),可用進(jìn)行時(shí):
What are you thinking about? —I'm thinking about my lesson.你在想什么? ——我在想我的功課。
Be quiet. I'm thinking(=giving thought to a problem).安靜點(diǎn),我正在思考(問(wèn)題)。

當(dāng)“擁有”講時(shí)
當(dāng)have/has表示相對(duì)靜止的狀態(tài),也就是作“擁有”解釋時(shí),不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):
He has plenty of money.他有很多錢(qián)。
He has a new car.他有一輛新車(chē)。
How many children have they? 他們有多少孩子?
但當(dāng)have/has用作動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞,作“吃飯、開(kāi)會(huì)以及玩得愉快等”解釋時(shí),可用進(jìn)行時(shí):
You are having a good time,aren't you? 你玩得很開(kāi)心,是吧?
We were having breakfast.我們正吃早餐。

動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)時(shí)
be動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)時(shí)不用進(jìn)行時(shí):
She is in Beijing.她在北京。
Is John in? 約翰在家嗎?
如不能說(shuō):
The trees are being green.
但是,be動(dòng)詞作“顯示出某種樣子”解釋時(shí),就能用于進(jìn)行時(shí),表示暫時(shí)性:
He was only being kind for the moment.他只是當(dāng)時(shí)很熱心。
Your son is being very annoying this evening.你兒子今晚很煩人。
He is being a fool.(=is acting foolishly)他現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢。
Are you being straight with me? 你對(duì)我講的是實(shí)話(huà)嗎?
Jane is being a good girl today.(=is behaving well)簡(jiǎn)今天表現(xiàn)得很好。
be動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)用法主要跟用作表語(yǔ)的形容詞的詞匯意義有關(guān)。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)形容詞有ambitious(有雄心的),awkward(笨拙的),brave(勇敢的),careful(仔細(xì)的),careless(粗心的),clever(聰明的),cruel(殘忍的),enthusiastic(熱情的),extravagant(奢侈的),foolish(愚蠢的),friendly(友好的),funny(滑稽可笑的),good(好的),greedy(貪婪的),helpful(有益的),important(重要的),kind(友愛(ài)的),naughty(頑皮的),patient(耐心的),stubborn(頑固的),stupid(愚蠢的),talkative(健談的),thoughtful(考慮周到的),witty(機(jī)智的)。
請(qǐng)背誦常用的現(xiàn)在分詞:
play(游玩)—playing
study(學(xué)習(xí))—studying
stop(停止)—stopping
cut(砍)—cutting
sit(坐)—sitting
run(跑)—running
swim(游泳)—swimming
live(?。猯iving
come(來(lái))—coming
write(寫(xiě))—writing
make(做)—making
take(取)—taking
arrive(到達(dá))—arriving
drive(駕駛)—driving
move(移動(dòng))—moving
cook(烹飪)—cooking
look(看)—looking
speak(說(shuō))—speaking