中華人民共和國土地管理法

The Law of Land Administration of the People's Republic of China

第一章總則

CHAPTER ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS

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第二章土地的所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)

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CHAPTER TWO OWNERSHIP AND RIGHT OF USE OF LAND

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第三章土地利用總體規(guī)劃

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CHAPTER THREE GENERAL PLANS FOR THE UTILIZATION OF LAND

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第四章耕地保護(hù)

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CHAPTER FOUR PROTECTION OF CULTIVATED LAND

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第五章建設(shè)用地

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CHAPTER FIVE LAND FOR CONSTRUCTION PURPOSES

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第六章監(jiān)督檢查

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CHAPTER SIX SUPERVISION AND EXAMINATION

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第七章法律責(zé)任

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CHAPTER SEVEN LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES

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第八章附則

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CHAPTER EIGHT SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

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第一條為了加強(qiáng)土地管理，維護(hù)土地的社會主義公有制，保護(hù)、開發(fā)土地資源，合理利用土地，切實(shí)保護(hù)耕地，促進(jìn)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，根據(jù)憲法，制定本法。

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Article 1 The law is formulated in compliance with the Constitution with a view to strengthening the administration of land, safeguarding the socialist public ownership of land, protecting and developing land resources, ensuring a rational use of and giving a real protection to cultivated land to promote sustainable development of the socialist economy.

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第二條中華人民共和國實(shí)行土地的社會主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動群眾集體所有制。

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Article 2 The People's Republic of China resorts to a socialist public ownership i.e. an ownership by the whole people and ownerships by collectives, of land.

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全民所有，即國家所有土地的所有權(quán)由國務(wù)院代表國家行使。

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In ownership by the whole people, the State Council is empowered to be on behalf of the State to administer the land owned by the State.

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任何單位和個人不得侵占、買賣或者以其他形式非法轉(zhuǎn)讓土地。土地使用權(quán)可以依法轉(zhuǎn)讓。

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No unit or individual is allowed to occupy, trade or illegally transfer land by other means. Land use right may be transferred by law.

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國家為公共利益的需要，可以依法對集體所有的土地實(shí)行征用。

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The State may requisition land owned by collectives according to law on public interests.

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國家依法實(shí)行國有土地有償使用制度。但是，國家在法律規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)劃撥國有土地使用權(quán)的除外。

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The State introduces the system of compensated use of land owned by the State except the land has been allocated for use by the State according to law.

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第三條十分珍惜、合理利用土地和切實(shí)保護(hù)耕地是我國的基本國策。各級人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)采取措施，全面規(guī)劃，嚴(yán)格管理，保護(hù)、開發(fā)土地資源，制止非法占用土地的行為。

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Article 3 To cherish and give a rational use to the land as well as to give a true protection to the cultivated land are seen as a basic principle of land use in the country. The people's governments at all levels should manage to make an overall plan for the use of land to strictly administer, protect and develop land resources and stop any illegal occupation of land.

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第四條國家實(shí)行土地用途管制制度。

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Article 4 The State is to place a strict control on the usages of land.

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國家編制土地利用總體規(guī)劃，規(guī)定土地用途，將土地分為農(nóng)用地、建設(shè)用地和未利用地。嚴(yán)格限制農(nóng)用地轉(zhuǎn)為建設(shè)用地，控制建設(shè)用地總量，對耕地實(shí)行特殊保護(hù)。

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The State shall compile general plans to set usages of land including those of farm or construction use or unused. A strict control is to place on the turning of land for farm use to that for construction use to control the total amount of land for construction use and exercise a special protection on cultivated land.

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前款所稱農(nóng)用地是指直接用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的土地，包括耕地、林地、草地、農(nóng)田水利用地、養(yǎng)殖水面等；建設(shè)用地是指建造建筑物、構(gòu)筑物的土地，包括城鄉(xiāng)住宅和公共設(shè)施用地、工礦用地、交通水利設(shè)施用地、旅游用地、軍事設(shè)施用地等；未利用地是指農(nóng)用地和建設(shè)用地以外的土地。

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"Land for farm use" refers to land directly used for agricultural production, including cultivated land, wooded land, grassland, land for farmland water conservancy and water surfaces for breeding; "land for construction use" refers to land on which buildings and structures are put up, including land for urban and rural housing and public facilities, land for industrial and mining use, land for building communications and water conservancy facilities, land for tourism and land for building military installations. The term "land unused" refers to land other than that for agricultural and construction uses.

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使用土地的單位和個人必須嚴(yán)格按照土地利用總體規(guī)劃確定的用途使用土地。

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Land should be used strictly in line with the purposes of land use defined in the general plan for the utilization of the land whether by units or individuals.

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第五條國務(wù)院土地行政主管部門統(tǒng)一負(fù)責(zé)全國土地的管理和監(jiān)督工作。

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Article 5 The land administrative department of the State Council shall be unifiedly responsible for the administration and supervision of land in the whole country.

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縣級以上地方人民政府土地行政主管部門的設(shè)置及其職責(zé)，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府根據(jù)國務(wù)院有關(guān)規(guī)定確定。

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The setup and functions of land administrative departments of people's governments at and above the county level shall be decided by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities under the direct jurisdiction of the central government (hereinafter referred to as "municipalities" for short) according to the relevant provisions of the State Council.

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第六條任何單位和個人都有遵守土地管理法律、法規(guī)的義務(wù)，并有權(quán)對違反土地管理法律、法規(guī)的行為提出檢舉和控告。

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Article 6 Units or individuals shall all be obliged to abide by the laws and regulations concerning land administration and have the right to report or prosecute acts of violating land administration law and regulations.

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第七條在保護(hù)和開發(fā)土地資源、合理利用土地以及進(jìn)行有關(guān)的科學(xué)研究等方面成績顯著的單位和個人，由人民政府給予獎勵。

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Article 7 People's governments shall award units or individuals who have made outstanding achievements in protecting and developing land resources, rational utilization of land and in carrying out research in this regard.

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第二章土地的所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)

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CHAPTER TWO OWNERSHIP AND RIGHT OF USE OF LAND

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第八條城市市區(qū)的土地屬于國家所有。

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Article 8 Land in urban districts shall be owned by the State.

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農(nóng)村和城市郊區(qū)的土地，除由法律規(guī)定屬于國家所有的以外，屬于農(nóng)民集體所有；宅基地和自留地、自留山，屬于農(nóng)民集體所有。

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Land in the rural areas and suburban areas, except otherwise provided for by the State, shall be collectively owned by peasants including land for building houses, land and hills allowed to be retained by peasants.

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第九條國有土地和農(nóng)民集體所有的土地，可以依法確定給單位或者個人使用。使用土地的單位和個人，有保護(hù)、管理和合理利用土地的義務(wù)。

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Article 9 Land owned by the State and land collectively owned by peasants may be allocated to be used by units or individuals according to law. Units or individuals using land shall be responsible for the protection, management and a rational use of the land.

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第十條農(nóng)民集體所有的土地依法屬于村農(nóng)民集體所有的，由村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民委員會經(jīng)營、管理；已經(jīng)分別屬于村內(nèi)兩個以上農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的農(nóng)民集體所有的，由村內(nèi)各該農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織或者村民小組經(jīng)營、管理；已經(jīng)屬于鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）農(nóng)民集體所有的，由鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織經(jīng)營、管理。

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Article 10 In lands collectively owned by peasants those have been allocated to villagers for collective ownership according to law shall be operated and managed by village collective economic organizations or villagers' committee and those have allocated to two or more peasants collective economic organizations of a village, shall be operated and managed jointly by the collective economic organizations of the village or villagers' groups; and those have allocated to township (town) peasant collectives shall be operated and managed by the rural collective economic organizations of the township (town).

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第十一條農(nóng)民集體所有的土地，由縣級人民政府登記造冊，核發(fā)證書，確認(rèn)所有權(quán)。

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Article 11 People's government at the county level shall register and put on record lands collectively owned by peasants and issue certificates to certify the ownership concerned.

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農(nóng)民集體所有的土地依法用于非農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)的，由縣級人民政府登記造冊，核發(fā)證書，確認(rèn)建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)。

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People's government at the county level shall register and put on record the use of land collectively owned by peasants for non-agricultural construction and issue certificates to certify the right to use the land for construction purposes.

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單位和個人依法使用的國有土地，由縣級以上人民政府登記造冊，核發(fā)證書，確認(rèn)使用權(quán)；其中，中央國家機(jī)關(guān)使用的國有土地的具體登記發(fā)證機(jī)關(guān)，由國務(wù)院確定。

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People's government at the country level shall register and put on record uses of land owned by the State by units or individuals and issue certificates to certify the right of use. The State Council shall designate specific units to register and put on record State-owned land used by central government organs.

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確認(rèn)林地、草原的所有權(quán)或者使用權(quán)，確認(rèn)水面、灘涂的養(yǎng)殖使用權(quán)，分別依照《中華人民共和國森林法》、《中華人民共和國草原法》和《中華人民共和國漁業(yè)法》的有關(guān)規(guī)定辦理。

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Certifications of ownership or use right of wooded land and grassland and the uses or of water surface and beachland for breeding purpose shall be managed according to related provisions of the "Forest Law of the People's Republic of China", the "Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Fisheries Law of the People's Republic of China".

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第十二條依法改變土地權(quán)屬和用途的，應(yīng)當(dāng)辦理土地變更登記手續(xù)。

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Article 12 Changes of owners and usages of land, should go through the land alteration registration procedures.

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第十三條依法登記的土地的所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)受法律保護(hù)，任何單位和個人不得侵犯。

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Article 13 The ownership and use right of land registered according to law shall be protected by law and no unit or individual is eligible to infringe upon it.

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第十四條農(nóng)民集體所有的土地由本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的成員承包經(jīng)營，從事種植業(yè)、林業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)。土地承包經(jīng)營期限為三十年。發(fā)包方和承包方應(yīng)當(dāng)訂立承包合同，約定雙方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。承包經(jīng)營土地的農(nóng)民有保護(hù)和按照承包合同約定的用途合理利用土地的義務(wù)。農(nóng)民的土地承包經(jīng)營權(quán)受法律保護(hù)。

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Article 14 Land collectively owned by peasant shall be contracted out to members of the collective economic organizations for use in crop farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries production under a term of 30 years. The contractees should sign a contract with the correspondents contractor to define each other's rights and obligations. Peasants who have contracted land for operation are obliged to use the land rationally according to the purposes agreed upon in the contracts. The right of operation of land contracted by peasants shall be protected by law.

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在土地承包經(jīng)營期限內(nèi)，對個別承包經(jīng)營者之間承包的土地進(jìn)行適當(dāng)調(diào)整的，必須經(jīng)村民會議三分之二以上成員或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意，并報(bào)鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）人民政府和縣級人民政府農(nóng)業(yè)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)。

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Within the validity term of a contract, the adjustment of land contracted by individual contractors should get the consent from over two-thirds majority vote of the villagers' congress or over two-thirds of villagers' representatives and then be submitted to land administrative departments of the township (town) people's government and county level people's government for approval.

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第十五條國有土地可以由單位或者個人承包經(jīng)營，從事種植業(yè)、林業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)。農(nóng)民集體所有的土地，可以由本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織以外的單位或者個人承包經(jīng)營，從事種植業(yè)、林業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)、漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)。

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Article 15 Land owned by the State may be contracted out to units or individuals for farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries operations. Land collectively owned by peasants may be contracted out to units or individuals who are not belonging to the corresponding collectives for farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries operations.

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發(fā)包方和承包方應(yīng)當(dāng)訂立承包合同，約定雙方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。土地承包經(jīng)營的期限由承包合同約定。承包經(jīng)營土地的單位和個人，有保護(hù)和按照承包合同約定的用途合理利用土地的義務(wù)。

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The contractees and contractors should sign land use contracts to define each other's rights and obligations. The contraced term for operation is to be agreed upon in the land use contracts. Contractors for the land operation are obliged to protect and use the land rationally according to the usages specified in the contracts.

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農(nóng)民集體所有的土地由本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織以外的單位或者個人承包經(jīng)營的，必須經(jīng)村民會議三分之二以上成員或者三分之二以上村民代表的同意，并報(bào)鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）人民政府批準(zhǔn)。

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Whereas a land collectively owned by peasant is contracted out for operation to ones not belonging to the corresponding collective organizations, a consent should be got from the over two-thirds majority vote of the villagers' congress or over two-thirds of the villagers' representatives with the resulted contract being submitted to the township (town) people's government for approval.

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第十六條土地所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)爭議，由當(dāng)事人協(xié)商解決；協(xié)商不成的，由人民政府處理。

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Article 16 Disputes arising from the ownership or use right of land shall be settled through consultation among parties concerned; should consultation fails, the disputes should be handled by people's governments.

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單位之間的爭議，由縣級以上人民政府處理；個人之間、個人與單位之間的爭議，由鄉(xiāng)級人民政府或者縣級以上人民政府處理。

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Disputes among units shall be handled by the people's government at and above the county level; disputes among individuals or between individuals and units shall be handled by township level people's government or people's governments at the county level or above.

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當(dāng)事人對有關(guān)人民政府的處理決定不服的，可以自接到處理決定通知之日起三十日內(nèi)，向人民法院起訴。

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Whereas parties concerned refuse to accept the decisions by related people's government the dispute may be brought before the people's court within 30 days after the notification on the decision is received.

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在土地所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)爭議解決前，任何一方不得改變土地利用現(xiàn)狀。

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No party shall change the status quo of the land before the disputes over ownership and use right are settled.

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第三章土地利用總體規(guī)劃

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CHAPTER THREE GENERAL PLANS FOR THE UTILIZATION OF LAND

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第十七條各級人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)依據(jù)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展規(guī)劃、國土整治和資源環(huán)境保護(hù)的要求、土地供給能力以及各項(xiàng)建設(shè)對土地的需求，組織編制土地利用總體規(guī)劃。

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Article 17 People's governments at all levels shall manage to compile general plans for land uses in accordance with the national economic and social development program, requirements of national land consolidation and resources and environmental protection, land supply capacity and the requirements of various construction projects.

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土地利用總體規(guī)劃的規(guī)劃期限由國務(wù)院規(guī)定。

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The validity term of the general plans for land use shall be determined by the State Council.

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第十八條下級土地利用總體規(guī)劃應(yīng)當(dāng)依據(jù)上一級土地利用總體規(guī)劃編制。

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Article 18 General plans for land use at a lower level shall be compiled according to the general plans for the utilization of land at the next higher level.

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地方各級人民政府編制的土地利用總體規(guī)劃中的建設(shè)用地總量不得超過上一級土地利用總體規(guī)劃確定的控制指標(biāo)，耕地保有量不得低于上一級土地利用總體規(guī)劃確定的控制指標(biāo)。

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The total amount of land for construction uses in the general plans of land use compiled by local people's governments at all levels shall not exceed the controlled targets set in the general plans for land use at the next higher level and the total amount of cultivated land should not be lower than the controlled targets set in the general plans for land use at the next higher level.

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省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府編制的土地利用總體規(guī)劃，應(yīng)當(dāng)確保本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)耕地總量不減少。

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In mapping out the general plans for land use, the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities shall ensure than the total amount of cultivated land under their jurisdiction shall not be reduced.

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第十九條土地利用總體規(guī)劃按照下列原則編制：

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Article 19 General plans for land use should be mapped out according to the following principles:

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（一）嚴(yán)格保護(hù)基本農(nóng)田，控制非農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)占用農(nóng)用地；

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1. Strictly protect the basic farmland and control the occupation of agricultural land for nonagricultural purposes.

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（二）提高土地利用率；

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2. Raise the utilization rate of land.

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（三）統(tǒng)籌安排各類、各區(qū)域用地；

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3. Make an overall plan and arrangements about the use of land in various kinds and various areas.

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（四）保護(hù)和改善生態(tài)環(huán)境，保障土地的可持續(xù)利用；

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4. Protect and improve the ecological environment to ensure a sustainable use of land.

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（五）占用耕地與開發(fā)復(fù)墾耕地相平衡。

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5. Keep a balance between cultivated land occupied and cultivated land developed and reclaimed.

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第二十條縣級土地利用總體規(guī)劃應(yīng)當(dāng)劃分土地利用區(qū)，明確土地用途。

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Article 20 General plans for land use at the county level should define the areas and purposes of land use.

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鄉(xiāng)（鎮(zhèn)）土地利用總體規(guī)劃應(yīng)當(dāng)劃分土地利用區(qū)，根據(jù)土地使用條件，確定每一塊土地的用途，并予以公告。

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General plans for the land use at the township (town) level should define the areas for the utilization of land and define the purpose of each tract of land according to the actual conditions for the use of land and make an announcement.