中華人民共和國繼承法

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LAW OF SUCCESSION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

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第一章 總 則

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Chapter I General Provisions

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第一條 根據(jù)《中華人民共和國憲法》規(guī)定，為保護(hù)公民的私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的繼承權(quán)，制定本法。

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Article 1 This Law is enacted pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China with a view to protecting the right of citizens to inherit private property.

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第二條 繼承從被繼承人死亡時(shí)開始。

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Article 2 Succession begins at the death of a citizen.

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第三條 遺產(chǎn)是公民死亡時(shí)遺留的個(gè)人合法財(cái)產(chǎn)，包括：

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Article 3 Estate denotes the lawful property owned by a citizen personally at the time of his death, which consists of:

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（一）公民的收入；

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(1) his income;

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（二）公民的房屋、儲蓄和生活用品；

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(2) his houses, savings and articles of everyday use;

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（三）公民的林木、牲畜和家禽；

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(3) his forest trees, livestock and poultry;

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（四）公民的文物、圖書資料；

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(4) his cultural objects, books and reference materials;

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（五）法律允許公民所有的生產(chǎn)資料；

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(5) means of production lawfully owned by him;

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（六）公民的著作權(quán)、專利權(quán)中的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利；

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(6) his property rights pertaining to copyright and patent rights;

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（七）公民的其他合法財(cái)產(chǎn)。

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and (7) his other lawful property.

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第四條 個(gè)人承包應(yīng)得的個(gè)人收益，依照本法規(guī)定繼承。個(gè)人承包，依照法律允許由繼承人繼續(xù)承包的，按照承包合同辦理。

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Article 4 Personal benefits accruing from a contract entered into by an individual are heritable in accordance with the provisions of this Law. Contracting by an individual, if permitted by law to be continued by the successor, shall be treated in accordance with the terms of the contract.

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第五條 繼承開始后，按照法定繼承辦理；有遺囑的,按照遺囑繼承或者遺贈辦理；有遺贈扶養(yǎng)協(xié)議的，按照協(xié)議辦理。

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Article 5 Succession shall, after its opening, be handled in accordance with the provisions of statutory succession; where a will exists, it shall be handled in accordance with testamentary succession or as legacy; where there is an agreement for legacy in return for support, the former shall be handled in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

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第六條 無行為能力人的繼承權(quán)、受遺贈權(quán)，由他的法定代理人代為行使。

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Article 6 The right to inheritance or legacy of a competent person shall be exercised on his behalf by his statutory agent.

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限制行為能力人的繼承權(quán)、受遺贈權(quán)，由他的法定代理人代為行使，或者征得法定代理人同意后行使。

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The right to inheritance or legacy of a person with limited capacity shall be exercised on his behalf by his statutory agent or by such person himself after obtaining the consent of his statutory agent.

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第七條 繼承人有下列行為之一的，喪失繼承權(quán)：

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Article 7 A successor shall be disinherited upon his commission of any one of the following acts:

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（一）故意殺害被繼承人的；

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(1) intentional killing of the decedent;

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（二）為爭奪遺產(chǎn)而殺害其他繼承人的；

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(2) killing any other successor in fighting over the estate;

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（三）遺棄被繼承的，或者虐待被繼承人情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的；

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(3) a serious act of abandoning or maltreating the decedent;

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（四）偽造、篡改或者銷毀遺囑，情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的。

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or (4) a serious act of forging, tampering with or destroying the will.

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第八條 繼承權(quán)糾紛提起訴訟的期限為二年，自繼承人知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道其權(quán)利被侵犯之日起計(jì)算。但是，自繼承開始之日起超過二十年的，不得再提起訴訟。

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Article 8 The time limit for institution of legal proceedings pertaining to disputes over the right to inheritance is two years, counting from the day the successor became or should have become aware of the violation of his right to inheritance. No legal proceedings, however, may be instituted after the expiration of a period of 20 years from the day succession began.

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第二章 法定繼承

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Chapter II Statutory Succession

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第九條 繼承權(quán)男女平等。

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Article 9 Males and females are equal in their right to inheritance.

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第十條 遺產(chǎn)按照下列順序繼承：

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Article 10 The estate of the decedent shall be inherited in the following order:

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第一順序：配偶、子女、父母。

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First in order: spouse, children, parents.

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第二順序：兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母。

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Second in order: brothers and sisters, paternal grandparents, maternal grandparents.

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繼承開始后，由第一順序繼承人繼承，第二順序繼承人不繼承。沒有第一順序繼承人繼承的，由第二順序繼承人繼承。

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?When succession opens, the successor(s) first in order shall inherit to the exclusion of the successor(s) second in order. The successor(s) second in order shall inherit in default of any successor first in order.

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本法所說的子女，包括婚生子女、非婚生子女、養(yǎng)子女和有扶養(yǎng)關(guān)系的繼子女。

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The "children" referred to in this Law include legitimate children, illegitimate children and adopted children, as well as step-children who supported or were supported by the decedent.

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本法所說的父母，包括生父母、養(yǎng)父母和有扶養(yǎng)關(guān)系的繼父母。

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The "parents" referred to in this Law include natural parents and adoptive parents, as well as step-parents who supported or were supported by the decedent.

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本法所說的兄弟姐妹，包括同父母的兄弟姐妹、同父異母或者同母異父的兄弟姐妹、養(yǎng)兄弟姐妹、有扶養(yǎng)關(guān)系的繼兄弟姐妹。

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The "brothers and sisters" referred to in this Law include blood brothers and sisters, brothers and sisters of half blood, adopted brothers and sisters, as well as step-brothers and step-sisters who supported or were supported by the decedent.

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第十一條 被繼承人的子女先于被繼承人死亡的，由被繼承人的子女的晚輩直系血親代位繼承。代位繼承人一般只能繼承他的父親或者母親有權(quán)繼承的遺產(chǎn)份額。

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Article 11 Where a decedent survived his child, the direct lineal descendants of the predeceased child inherit in subrogation. Descendants who inherit in subrogation generally shall take only the share of the estate their father or mother was entitled to.

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第十二條 喪偶兒媳對公、婆，喪偶女婿對岳父、岳母，盡了主要贍養(yǎng)義務(wù)的，作為第一順序繼承人。

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Article 12 Widowed daughters-in-law or sons-in-law who have made the predominant contributions in maintaining their parents-in-law shall, in relationship to their parents-in-law, be regarded as successors first in order.

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第十三條 同一順序繼承人繼承遺產(chǎn)的份額，一般應(yīng)當(dāng)均等。

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Article 13 Successors same in order shall, in general, inherit in equal shares.

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對生活有特殊困難的缺乏勞動能力的繼承人，分配遺產(chǎn)時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)予以照顧。

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At the time of distributing the estate, due consideration shall be given to successors who are unable to work and have special financial difficulties.

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對被繼承人盡了主要扶養(yǎng)義務(wù)或者與被繼承人共同生活的繼承人，分配遺產(chǎn)時(shí)，可以多分。

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At the time of distributing the estate, successors who have made the predominant contributions in maintaining the decedent or have lived with the decedent may be given a larger share.

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有扶養(yǎng)能力和有扶養(yǎng)條件的繼承人，不盡扶養(yǎng)義務(wù)的，分配遺產(chǎn)時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)不分或者少分。

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At the time of distributing the estate, successors who had the ability and were in a position to maintain the decedent but failed to fulfil their duties shall be given no share or a smaller share of the estate.

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繼承人協(xié)商同意的，也可以不均等。

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Successors may take unequal shares if an agreement to that effect is reached among them.

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第十四條 對繼承人以外的依靠被繼承人扶養(yǎng)的缺乏勞動能力又沒有生活來源的人，或者繼承人以外的對被繼承人扶養(yǎng)較多的人，可以分給他們適當(dāng)?shù)倪z產(chǎn)。

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Article 14 An appropriate share of the estate may be given to a person, other than a successor, who depended on the support of the decedent and who neither can work nor has a source of income, or to a person, other than a successor, who was largely responsible for supporting the decedent.

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第十五條 繼承人應(yīng)當(dāng)本著互諒互讓、和睦團(tuán)結(jié)的精神，協(xié)商處理繼承問題。遺產(chǎn)分割的時(shí)間、辦法和份額，由繼承人協(xié)商確定。協(xié)商不成的，可以由人民調(diào)解委員會調(diào)解或者向人民法院提起訴訟。

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Article 15 Questions pertaining to succession should be dealt with through consultation by and among the successors in the spirit of mutual understanding and mutual accommodation, as well as of amity and unity. The time and mode for partitioning the estate and the shares shall be decided by the successors through consultation. If no agreement is reached through consultation, they may apply to a People's Mediation Committee for mediation or institute legal proceedings in a people's court.

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第三章 遺囑繼承和遺贈

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Chapter III Testamentary Succession and Legacy

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第十六條 公民可以依照本法規(guī)定立遺囑處分個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)，并可以指定遺囑執(zhí)行人。

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Article 16 A citizen may, by means of a will made in accordance with the provisions of this Law, dispose of the property he owns and may appoint a testamentary executor for the purpose.

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公民可以立遺囑將個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)指定由法定繼承人的一人或者數(shù)人繼承。

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?A citizen may, by making a will, designate one or more of the statutory successors to inherit his personal property.

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公民可以立遺囑將個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)贈給國家、集體或者法定繼承人以外的人。

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A citizen may, by making a will, donate his personal property to the state or a collective, or bequeath it to persons other than the statutory successors.

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第十七條 公證遺囑由遺囑人經(jīng)公證機(jī)關(guān)辦理。

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Article 17 A notarial will is one made by a testator through a notary agency.

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自書遺囑由遺囑人親筆書寫，簽名，注明年、月、日。

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A testator-written will is one made in the testator's own handwriting and signed by him, specifying the date of its making.

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代書遺囑應(yīng)當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上見證人在場見證，由其中一人代書，注明年、月、日，并由代書人、其他見證人和遺囑人簽名。

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A will written on behalf of the testator shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses, of whom one writes the will, dates it and signs it along with the other witness or witnesses and with the testator.

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以錄音形式立的遺囑，應(yīng)當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上見證人在場見證。

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A will made in the form of a sound-recording shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses.

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遺囑人在危急情況下，可以立口頭遺囑?？陬^遺囑應(yīng)當(dāng)有兩個(gè)以上見證人在場見證。危急情況解除后，遺囑人能夠用書面或者錄音形式立遺囑的，所立的口頭遺囑無效。

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A testator may, in an emergency situation, make a nuncupative will, which shall be witnessed by two or more witnesses. When the emergency situation is over and if the testator is able to make a will in writing or in the form of a sound-recording, the nuncupative will he has made shall be invalidated.

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第十八條 下列人員不能作為遺囑見證人：

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Article 18 None of the following persons shall act as a witness of a will:

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（一）無行為能力人、限制行為能力人；

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(1) persons with no capacity or with limited capacity;

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（二）繼承人、受遺贈人；

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(2) successors and legatees;

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（三）與繼承人、受遺贈人有利害關(guān)系的人。

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or (3) persons whose interests are related to those of the successors and legatees.

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第十九條 遺囑應(yīng)當(dāng)對缺乏勞動能力又沒有生活來源的繼承人保留必要的遺產(chǎn)份額。

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Article 19 Reservation of a necessary portion of an estate shall be made in a will for a successor who neither can work nor has a source of income.

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第二十條 遺囑人可以撤銷、變更自己所立的遺囑。

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Article 20 A testator may revoke or alter a will he previously made.

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立有數(shù)份遺囑，內(nèi)容相抵觸的，以最后的遺囑為準(zhǔn)。

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Where several wills that have been made conflict with one another in content, the last one shall prevail.

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自書、代書、錄音、口頭遺囑，不得撤銷、變更公證遺囑。

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A notarial will may not be revoked or altered by a testator-written will, a will written on behalf of the testator, a will in the form of a sound- recording or a nuncupative will.

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第二十一條 遺囑繼承或者遺贈附有義務(wù)的，繼承人或者受遺贈人應(yīng)當(dāng)履行義務(wù)。沒有正當(dāng)理由不履行義務(wù)的，經(jīng)有關(guān)單位或者個(gè)人請求，人民法院可以取消他接受遺產(chǎn)的權(quán)利。

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Article 21 Where there are obligations attached to testamentary succession or legacy, the successor or legatee shall perform them. Anyone who fails to perform the obligations without proper reasons may, upon request by a relevant organization or individual, entail nullification of his right to inheritance by a people's court.

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第二十二條 無行為能力人或者限制行為能力人所立的遺囑無效。

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Article 22 Wills made by persons with no capacity or with limited capacity shall be void.

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遺囑必須表示遺囑人的真實(shí)意思，受脅迫、欺騙所立的遺囑無效。

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Wills shall manifest the genuine intention of the testators; those made under duress or as a result of fraud shall be void.

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偽造的遺囑無效。

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Forged wills shall be void.

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遺囑被篡改的，篡改的內(nèi)容無效。

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Where a will has been tampered with, the affected parts of it shall be void.

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第四章 遺產(chǎn)的處理

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Chapter IV Disposition of the Estate

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第二十三條 繼承開始后，知道被繼承人死亡的繼承人應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)通知其他繼承人和遺囑執(zhí)行人。繼承人中無人知道被繼承人死亡或者知道被繼承人死亡而不能通知的，由被繼承人生前所在單位或者住所地的居民委員會、村民委員會負(fù)責(zé)通知。

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Article 23 After the opening of succession, a successor who has knowledge of the death should promptly notify the other successors and the testamentary executor. If one of the successors knows about the death or if there is no way to make the notification, the organization to which the decedent belonged before his death or the residents' committee or villagers' committee at his place of residence shall make the notification.

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第二十四條 存有遺產(chǎn)的人，應(yīng)當(dāng)妥善保管遺產(chǎn)，任何人不得侵吞或者爭搶。

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Article 24 Anyone who has in his possession the property of the decedent shall take good care of such property and no one is allowed to misappropriate it or contend for it.

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第二十五條 繼承開始后，繼承人放棄繼承的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在遺產(chǎn)處理前，作出放棄繼承的表示。沒有表示的，視為接受繼承。

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Article 25 A successor who, after the opening of succession, disclaims inheritance should make known his decision before the disposition of the estate. In the absence of such an indication, he is deemed to have accepted the inheritance.

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受遺贈人應(yīng)當(dāng)在知道受遺贈后兩個(gè)月內(nèi)，作出接受或者放棄受遺贈的表示。到期沒有表示的，視為放棄受遺贈。

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A legatee should, within two months from the time he learns of the legacy, make known whether he accepts it or disclaims it. In the absence of such an indication within the specified period, he is deemed to have disclaimed the legacy.

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第二十六條 夫妻在婚姻關(guān)系存續(xù)期間所得的共同所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)，除有約定的以外，如果分割遺產(chǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)先將共同所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)的一半分出為配偶所有，其余的為被繼承人的遺產(chǎn)。

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Article 26 If a decedent's estate is partitioned, half of the joint property acquired by the spouses in the course of their matrimonial life shall, unless otherwise agreed upon, be first allotted to the surviving spouse as his or her own property; the remainder shall constitute the decedent's estate.

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遺產(chǎn)在家庭共有財(cái)產(chǎn)之中的，遺產(chǎn)分割時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)先分出他人的財(cái)產(chǎn)。

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If the decedent's estate is a component part of the common property of his family, that portion of the property belonging to the other members of the family shall first be separated at the time of the partitioning of the decedent's estate.

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第二十七條 有下列情形之一的，遺產(chǎn)中的有關(guān)部分按照法定繼承辦理：

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Article 27 Under any of the following circumstances, the part of the estate affected shall be dealt with in accordance with statutory succession:

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（一）遺囑繼承人放棄繼承或者受遺贈人放棄受遺贈的；

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(1) where inheritance is disclaimed by a testamentary successor or the legacy is disclaimed by a legatee;

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（二）遺囑繼承人喪失繼承權(quán)的；

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(2) where a testamentary successor is disinherited;

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（三）遺囑繼承人、受遺贈人先于遺囑人死亡的；

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(3) where a testamentary successor or legatee predeceases the testator;

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（四）遺囑無效部分所涉及的遺產(chǎn)；

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(4) where an invalidated portion of the will involves part of the estate;

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（五）遺囑未處分的遺產(chǎn)。

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or (5) where no disposition is made under the will for part of the estate.

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第二十八條 遺產(chǎn)分割時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)保留胎兒的繼承份額。胎兒出生時(shí)是死體的，保留的份額按照法定繼承辦理。

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Article 28 At the time of the partitioning of the estate, reservation shall be made for the share of an unborn child. The share reserved shall, if the baby is stillborn, be dealt with in accordance with statutory succession.

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第二十九條 遺產(chǎn)分割應(yīng)當(dāng)有利于生產(chǎn)和生活需要，不損害遺產(chǎn)的效用。

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Article 29 The partitioning of a decedent's estate shall be conducted in a way beneficial to the requirements of production and livelihood; it shall not diminish the usefulness of the estate.

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不宜分割的遺產(chǎn)，可以采取折價(jià)、適當(dāng)補(bǔ)償或者共有等方法處理。

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If the estate is unsuitable for partitioning, it may be disposed of by such means as price evaluation, appropriate compensation or co-ownership.

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第三十條 夫妻一方死亡后另一方再婚的，有權(quán)處分所繼承的財(cái)產(chǎn)，任何人不得干涉。

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Article 30 A surviving spouse who remarries is entitled to dispose of the property he or she has inherited, subject to no interference by any other person.

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第三十一條 公民可以與扶養(yǎng)人簽訂遺贈扶養(yǎng)協(xié)議。按照協(xié)議，扶養(yǎng)人承擔(dān)該公民生養(yǎng)死葬的義務(wù)，享有受遺贈的權(quán)利。

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Article 31 A citizen may enter into a legacy-support agreement with a person who, in accordance with the agreement, assumes the duty to support the former in his or her lifetime and attends to his or her interment after death, in return for the right to legacy.

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公民可以與集體所有制組織簽訂遺贈扶養(yǎng)協(xié)議。按照協(xié)議，集體所有制組織承擔(dān)該公民生養(yǎng)死葬的義務(wù)，享有受遺贈的權(quán)利。

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A citizen may enter into a legacy-support agreement with an organization under collective ownership which, in accordance with the agreement, assumes the duty to support the former in his or her lifetime and attends to his or her interment after death, in return for the right to legacy.

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第三十二條 無人繼承又無人受遺贈的遺產(chǎn)，歸國家所有；死者生前是集體所有制組織成員的，歸所在集體所有制組織所有。

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Article 32 An estate which is left with neither a successor nor a legatee shall belong to the state or, where the decedent was a member of an organization under collective ownership before his or her death, to such an organization.

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第三十三條 繼承遺產(chǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)清償被繼承人依法應(yīng)當(dāng)繳納的稅款和債務(wù)，繳納稅款和清償債務(wù)以他的遺產(chǎn)實(shí)際價(jià)值為限。超過遺產(chǎn)實(shí)際價(jià)值部分，繼承人自愿償還的不在此限。

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Article 33 The successor to an estate shall pay all taxes and debts payable by the decedent according to law, up to the actual value of such estate, unless the successor pays voluntarily in excess of the limit.

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繼承人放棄繼承的，對被繼承人依法應(yīng)當(dāng)繳納的稅款和債務(wù)可以不負(fù)償還責(zé)任。

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The successor who disclaims inheritance assumes no responsibility for the payment of taxes and debts payable by the decedent according to law.

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第三十四條 執(zhí)行遺贈不得妨礙清償遺贈人依法應(yīng)當(dāng)繳納的稅款和債務(wù)。

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Article 34 The carrying out of a legacy shall not affect the payment of taxes and debts payable by the legator according to law.

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第五章 附 則

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Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

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第三十五條 民族自治地方的人民代表大會可以根據(jù)本法的原則，結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)孛褡遑?cái)產(chǎn)繼承的具體情況，制定變通的或者補(bǔ)充的規(guī)定。自治區(qū)的規(guī)定，報(bào)全國人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會備案。自治州、自治縣的規(guī)定，報(bào)省或者自治區(qū)的人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會批準(zhǔn)后生效，并報(bào)全國人民代表大會常務(wù)委員會備案。

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Article 35 The people's congress of a national autonomous area may, in accordance with the principles of this Law and the actual practices of the local nationality or nationalities with regard to property inheritance, enact adaptive or supplementary provisions. Provisions made by autonomous regions shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. Provisions made by autonomous prefectures or autonomous counties shall become effective after being reported to and approved by the standing committee of the people's congress of the relevant province or autonomous region and shall be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.

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第三十六條 中國公民繼承在中華人民共和國境外的遺產(chǎn)或者繼承在中華人民共和國境內(nèi)的外國人的遺產(chǎn)，動產(chǎn)適用被繼承人住所地法律，不動產(chǎn)適用不動產(chǎn)所在地法律。

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Article 36 For inheritance by a Chinese citizen of an estate outside the People's Republic of China or of an estate of a foreigner within the People's Republic of China, the law of the place of domicile of the decedent shall apply in the case of movable property; in the case of immovable property, the law of the place where the property is located shall apply.

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外國人繼承在中華人民共和國境內(nèi)的遺產(chǎn)或者繼承在中華人民共和國境外的中國公民的遺產(chǎn)，動產(chǎn)適用被繼承人住所地法律，不動產(chǎn)適用不動產(chǎn)所在地法律。

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For inheritance by a foreigner of an estate within the People's Republic of China or of an estate of a Chinese citizen outside the People's Republic of China, the law of the place of domicile of the decedent shall apply in the case of movable property; in the case of immovable property, the law of the place where the property is located shall apply.

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中華人民共和國與外國訂有條約、協(xié)定的，按照條約、協(xié)定辦理。

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?Where treaties or agreements exist between the People's Republic of China and foreign countries, matters of inheritance shall be handled in accordance with such treaties or agreements.

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第三十七條 本法自一九八五年十月一日起施行。

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Article 37 This Law shall go into effect as of October 1, 1985.