第一百二十一條 國家機關(guān)或者國家機關(guān)工作人員在執(zhí)行職務(wù)中，侵犯公民、法人的合法權(quán)益造成損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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Article 121 If a state organ or its personnel, while executing its duties, encroaches upon the lawful rights and interests of a citizen or legal person and causes damage, it shall bear civil liability.

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第一百二十二條 因產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不合格造成他人財產(chǎn)、人身損害的，產(chǎn)品制造者、銷售者應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。運輸者、倉儲者對此負(fù)有責(zé)任的，產(chǎn)品制造者、銷售者有權(quán)要求賠償損失。

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Article 122 If a substandard product causes property damage or physical injury to others, the manufacturer or seller shall bear civil liability according to law. If the transporter or storekeeper is responsible for the matter, the manufacturer or seller shall have the right to demand compensation for its losses.

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第一百二十三條 從事高空、高壓、易燃、易爆、劇毒、放射性、高速運輸工具等對周圍環(huán)境有高度危險的作業(yè)造成他人損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任；如果能夠證明損害是由受害人故意造成的，不承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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Article 123 If any person causes damage to other people by engaging in operations that are greatly hazardous to the surroundings, such as operations conducted high aboveground, or those involving high pressure, high voltage, combustibles, explosives, highly toxic or radioactive substances or high- speed means of transport, he shall bear civil liability; however, if it can be proven that the damage was deliberately caused by the victim, he shall not bear civil liability.

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第一百二十四條 違反國家保護環(huán)境防止污染的規(guī)定，污染環(huán)境造成他人損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)依法承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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Article 124 Any person who pollutes the environment and causes damage to others in violation of state provisions for environmental protection and the prevention of pollution shall bear civil liability in accordance with the law.

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第一百二十五條 在公共場所、道旁或者通道上挖坑、修繕安裝地下設(shè)施等，沒有設(shè)置明顯標(biāo)志和采取安全措施造成他人損害的，施工人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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Article 125 Any constructor who engages in excavation, repairs or installation of underground facilities in a public place, on a roadside or in a passageway without setting up clear signs and adopting safety measures and thereby causes damage to others shall bear civil liability.

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第一百二十六條 建筑物或者其他設(shè)施以及建筑物上的擱置物、懸掛物發(fā)生倒塌、脫落、墜落造成他人損害的，它的所有人或者管理人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任，但能夠證明自己沒有過錯的除外。

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Article 126 If a building or any other installation or an object placed or hung on a structure collapses, detaches or drops down and causes damage to others, its owner or manager shall bear civil liability, unless he can prove himself not at fault.

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第一百二十七條 飼養(yǎng)的動物造成他人損害的，動物飼養(yǎng)人或者管理人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任；由于受害人的過錯造成損害的，動物飼養(yǎng)人或者管理人不承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任；由于第三人的過錯造成損害的，第三人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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Article 127 If a domesticated animal causes harm to any person, its keeper or manager shall bear civil liability. If the harm occurs through the fault of the victim, the keeper or manager shall not bear civil liability; if the harm occurs through the fault of a third party, the third party shall bear civil liability.

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第一百二十八條 因正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)造成損害的，不承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)超過必要的限度，造成不應(yīng)有的損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)適當(dāng)?shù)拿袷仑?zé)任。

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Article 128 A person who causes harm in exercising justifiable defence shall not bear civil liability. If justifiable defence exceeds the limits of necessity and undue harm is caused, an appropriate amount of civil liability shall be borne.

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第一百二十九條 因緊急避險造成損害的，由引起險情發(fā)生的人承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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Article 129 If harm occurs through emergency actions taken to avoid danger, the person who gave rise to the danger shall bear civil liability.?

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如果危險是由自然原因引起的，緊急避險人不承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任或者承擔(dān)適當(dāng)?shù)拿袷仑?zé)任。

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If the danger arose from natural causes, the person who took the emergency actions may either be exempt from civil liability or bear civil liability to an appropriate extent.

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因緊急避險采取措施不當(dāng)或者超過必要的限度，造成不應(yīng)有的損害的，緊急避險人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)適當(dāng)?shù)拿袷仑?zé)任。

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?If the emergency measures taken are improper or exceed the limits of necessity and undue harm is caused, the person who took the emergency action shall bear civil liability to an appropriate extent.

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第一百三十條 二人以上共同侵權(quán)造成他人損害的，應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)連帶責(zé)任。

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Article 130 If two or more persons jointly infringe upon another person's rights and cause him damage, they shall bear joint liability.

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第一百三十一條 受害人對于損害的發(fā)生也有過錯的，可以減輕侵害人的民事責(zé)任。

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Article 131 If a victim is also at fault for causing the damage, the civil liability of the infringe may be reduced.

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第一百三十二條 當(dāng)事人對造成損害都沒有過錯的，可以根據(jù)實際情況，由當(dāng)事人分擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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Article 132 If none of the parties is at fault in causing damage, they may share civil liability according to the actual circumstances.

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第一百三十三條 無民事行為能力人、限制民事行為能力人造成他人損害的，由監(jiān)護人承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。

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Article 133 If a person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct causes damage to others, his guardian shall bear civil liability.?

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監(jiān)護人盡了監(jiān)護責(zé)任的，可以適當(dāng)減輕他的民事責(zé)任。

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If the guardian has done his duty of guardianship, his civil liability may be appropriately reduced.

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有財產(chǎn)的無民事行為能力人、限制民事行為能力人造成他人損害的，從本人財產(chǎn)中支付賠償費用。

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If a person who has property but is without or with limited capacity for civil conduct causes damage to others, the expenses of compensation shall be paid from his property.

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不足部分，由監(jiān)護人適當(dāng)賠償，但單位擔(dān)任監(jiān)護人的除外。

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?Shortfalls in such expenses shall be appropriately compensated for by the guardian unless the guardian is a unit.

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第四節(jié)承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任的方式

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Section 4 Methods of Bearing Civil Liability

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第一百三十四條 承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任的方式主要有：

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Article 134 The main methods of bearing civil liability shall be:

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（一）停止侵害；

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(1) cessation of infringements;

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（二）排除妨礙；

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(2) removal of obstacles;

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（三）消除危險；

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(3) elimination of dangers;

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（四）返還財產(chǎn)；

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(4) return of property;

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（五）恢復(fù)原狀；

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(5) restoration of original condition;

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（六）修理、重作、更換；

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(6) repair, reworking or replacement;

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（七）賠償損失；

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(7) compensation for losses;

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（八）支付違約金；

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(8) payment of breach of contract damages;

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（九）消除影響、恢復(fù)名譽；

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(9) elimination of ill effects and rehabilitation of reputation;

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（十）賠禮道歉。

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?and (10) extension of apology.

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以上承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任的方式，可以單獨適用，也可以合并適用。

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The above methods of bearing civil liability may be applied exclusively or concurrently.

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人民法院審理民事案件，除適用上述規(guī)定外，還可以予以訓(xùn)誡、責(zé)令具結(jié)悔過、收繳進行非法活動的財物和非法所得，并可以依照法律規(guī)定處以罰款、拘留。

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?When hearing civil cases, a people's court, in addition to applying the above stipulations, may serve admonitions, order the offender to sign a pledge of repentance, and confiscate the property used in carrying out illegal activities and the illegal income obtained therefrom.It may also impose fines or detentions as stipulated by law.

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第七章 訴訟時效

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?Chapter VII Limitation of Action

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第一百三十五條 向人民法院請求保護民事權(quán)利的訴訟時效期間為二年，法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

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Article 135 Except as otherwise stipulated by law, the limitation of action regarding applications to a people's court for protection of civil rights shall be two years.

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第一百三十六條 下列的訴訟時效期間為一年：

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Article 136 The limitation of action shall be one year in cases concerning the following:

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（一）身體受到傷害要求賠償?shù)模?

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(1) claims for compensation for bodily injuries;

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（二）出售質(zhì)量不合格的商品未聲明的；

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(2) sales of substandard goods without proper notice to that effect;

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（三）延付或者拒付租金的；

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(3) delays in paying rent or refusal to pay rent;?

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（四）寄存財物被丟失或者損毀的。

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or (4) loss of or damage to property left in the care of another person.

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第一百三十七條 訴訟時效期間從知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道權(quán)利被侵害時起計算。但是，從權(quán)利被侵害之日起超過二十年的，人民法院不予保護。有特殊情況的，人民法院可以延長訴訟時效期間。

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Article 137 A limitation of action shall begin when the entitled person knows or should know that his rights have been infringed upon. However, the people's court shall not protect his rights if 20 years have passed since the infringement. Under special circumstances, the people's court may extend the limitation of action.

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第一百三十八條 超過訴訟時效期間，當(dāng)事人自愿履行的，不受訴訟時效限制。

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Article 138 If a party chooses to fulfil obligations voluntarily after the limitation of action has expired, he shall not be subject to the limitation.

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第一百三十九條 在訴訟時效期間的最后六個月內(nèi)，因不可抗力或者其他障礙不能行使請求權(quán)的，訴訟時效中止。

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Article 139 A limitation of action shall be suspended during the last six months of the limitation if the plaintiff cannot exercise his right of claim because of force majeure or other obstacles.?

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從中止時效的原因消除之日起，訴訟時效期間繼續(xù)計算。

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The limitation shall resume on the day when the grounds for the suspension are eliminated.

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第一百四十條 訴訟時效因提起訴訟、當(dāng)事人一方提出要求或者同意履行義務(wù)而中斷。從中斷時起，訴訟時效期間重新計算。

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Article 140 A limitation of action shall be discontinued if suit is brought or if one party makes a claim for or agrees to fulfillment of obligations. A new limitation shall be counted from the time of the discontinuance.