第四十一條 全民所有制企業(yè)、集體所有制企業(yè)有符合國家規(guī)定的資金數(shù)額，有組織章程、組織機構(gòu)和場所，能夠獨立承擔民事責任，經(jīng)主管機關(guān)核準登記，取得法人資格。

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Article 41 An enterprise owned by the whole people or under collective ownership shall be qualified as a legal person when it has sufficient funds as stipulated by the state; has articles of association, an organization and premises; has the ability to independently bear civil liability; and has been approved and registered by the competent authority.?

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在中華人民共和國領(lǐng)域內(nèi)設(shè)立的中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)、中外合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)和外資企業(yè)，具備法人條件的，依法經(jīng)工商行政管理機關(guān)核準登記，取得中國法人資格。

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A Chinese- foreign equity joint venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or foreign-capital enterprise established within the People's Republic of China shall be qualified as a legal person in China if it has the qualifications of a legal person and has been approved and registered by the administrative agency for industry and commerce in according with the law.

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第四十二條 企業(yè)法人應(yīng)當在核準登記的經(jīng)營范圍內(nèi)從事經(jīng)營。

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Article 42 An enterprise as legal person shall conduct operations within the range approved and registered.

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第四十三條 企業(yè)法人對它的法定代表人和其他工作人員的經(jīng)營活動，承擔民事責任。

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Article 43 An enterprise as legal person shall bear civil liability for the operational activities of its legal representatives and other personnel.

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第四十四條 企業(yè)法人分立、合并或者有其他重要事項變更，應(yīng)當向登記機關(guān)辦理登記并公告。

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Article 44 If an enterprise as legal person is divided or merged or undergoes any other important change, it shall register the change with the registration authority and publicly announce it.

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企業(yè)法人分立、合并，它的權(quán)利和義務(wù)由變更后的法人享有和承擔。

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When an enterprise as legal person is divided or merged, its rights and obligations shall be enjoyed and assumed by the new legal person that results from the change.

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第四十五條 企業(yè)法人由于下列原因之一終止：

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Article 45 An enterprise as legal person shall terminate for any of the following reasons:

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（一）依法被撤銷；

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(1) if it is dissolved by law;

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（二）解散；

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(2) if it is disbanded;

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（三）依法宣告破產(chǎn)；

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(3) if it is declared bankrupt in accordance with the law;

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（四）其他原因。

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?or (4) for other reasons.

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第四十六條 企業(yè)法人終止，應(yīng)當向登記機關(guān)辦理注銷登記并公告。

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Article 46 When an enterprise as legal person terminates, it shall cancel its registration with the registration authority and publicly announce the termination.

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第四十七條 企業(yè)法人解散，應(yīng)當成立清算組織，進行清算。企業(yè)法人被撤銷、被宣告破產(chǎn)的，應(yīng)當由主管機關(guān)或者人民法院組織有關(guān)機關(guān)和有關(guān)人員成立清算組織，進行清算。

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Article 47 When an enterprise as legal person is disbanded, it shall establish a liquidation organization and go into liquidation. When an enterprise as legal person is dissolved or is declared bankrupt, the competent authority or a people's court shall organize the organs and personnel concerned to establish a liquidation organization to liquidate the enterprise.

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第四十八條 全民所有制企業(yè)法人以國家授予它經(jīng)營管理的財產(chǎn)承擔民事責任。

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Article 48 An enterprise owned by the whole people, as legal person, shall bear civil liability with the property that the state authorizes it to manage.??

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集體所有制企業(yè)法人以企業(yè)所有的財產(chǎn)承擔民事責任。

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An enterprise under collective ownership, as legal person, shall bear civil liability with the property it owns.

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中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)法人、中外合作經(jīng)營企業(yè)法人和外資企業(yè)法人以企業(yè)所有的財產(chǎn)承擔民事責任，法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

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A Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or foreign-capital enterprise as legal person shall bear civil liability with the property it owns, except as stipulated otherwise by law.

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第四十九條 企業(yè)法人有下列情形之一的，除法人承擔責任外，對法定代表人可以給予行政處分、罰款，構(gòu)成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任：

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Article 49 Under any of the following circumstances, an enterprise as legal person shall bear liability, its legal representative may additionally be given administrative sanctions and fined and, if the offence constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law:

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（一）超出登記機關(guān)核準登記的經(jīng)營范圍從事非法經(jīng)營的；

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(1) conducting illegal operations beyond the range approved and registered by the registration authority;

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（二）向登記機關(guān)、稅務(wù)機關(guān)隱瞞真實情況、弄虛作假的；

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(2) concealing facts from the registration and tax authorities and practising fraud;

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（三）抽逃資金、隱匿財產(chǎn)逃避債務(wù)的；

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(3) secretly withdrawing funds or hiding property to evade repayment of debts;

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（四）解散、被撤銷、被宣告破產(chǎn)后，擅自處理財產(chǎn)的；

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(4) disposing of property without authorization after the enterprise is dissolved, disbanded or declared bankrupt;

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（五）變更、終止時不及時申請辦理登記和公告，使利害關(guān)系人遭受重大損失的；

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(5) failing to apply for registration and make a public announcement promptly when the enterprise undergoes a change or terminates, thus causing interested persons to suffer heavy losses;

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（六）從事法律禁止的其他活動，損害國家利益或者社會公共利益的。

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(6) engaging in other activities prohibited by law, damaging the interests of the state or the public interest.

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第三章 法 人 第三節(jié) 機關(guān)、事業(yè)單位和社會團體法人

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Section 3 Official Organ, Institution and Social Organization as Legal Person

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第五十條 有獨立經(jīng)費的機關(guān)從成立之日起，具有法人資格。

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Article 50 An independently funded official organ shall be qualified as a legal person on the day it is established.

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具備法人條件的事業(yè)單位、社會團體，依法不需要辦理法人登記的，從成立之日起，具有法人資格；依法需要辦理法人登記的，經(jīng)核準登記，取得法人資格。

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If according to law an institution or social organization having the qualifications of a legal person needs not go through the procedures for registering as a legal person, it shall be qualified as a legal person on the day it is established; if according to law it does need to go through the registration procedures, it shall be qualified as a legal person after being approved and registered.

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第三章 法 人 第四節(jié) 聯(lián) 營

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Section 4 Economic Association

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第五十一條 企業(yè)之間或者企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位之間聯(lián)營，組成新的經(jīng)濟實體，獨立承擔民事責任、具備法人條件的，經(jīng)主管機關(guān)核準登記，取得法人資格。

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Article 51 If a new economic entity is formed by enterprises or an enterprise and an institution that engage in economic association and it independently bears civil liability and has the qualifications of a legal person, the new entity shall be qualified as a legal person after being approved and registered by the competent authority.

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第五十二條 企業(yè)之間或者企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位之間聯(lián)營，共同經(jīng)營、不具備法人條件的，由聯(lián)營各方按照出資比例或者協(xié)議的約定，以各自所有的或者經(jīng)營管理的財產(chǎn)承擔民事責任。

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Article 52 If the enterprises or an enterprise and an institution that engage in economic association conduct joint operation but do not have the qualifications of a legal person, each party to the association shall, in proportion to its respective contribution to the investment or according to the agreement made, bear civil liability with the property each party owns or manages.?

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依照法律的規(guī)定或者協(xié)議的約定負連帶責任的，承擔連帶責任。

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If joint liability is specified by law or by agreement, the parties shall assume joint liability.

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第五十三條 企業(yè)之間或者企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位之間聯(lián)營，按照合同的約定各自獨立經(jīng)營的，它的權(quán)利和義務(wù)由合同約定，各自承擔民事責任。

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Article 53 If the contract for economic association of enterprises or of an enterprise and an institution specifies that each party shall conduct operations independently, it shall stipulate the rights and obligations of each party, and each party shall bear civil liability separately.

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第四章 民事法律行為和代理 第一節(jié) 民事法律行為

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?Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts

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第五十四條 民事法律行為是公民或者法人設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利和民事義務(wù)的合法行為。

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Article 54 A civil juristic act shall be the lawful act of a citizen or legal person to establish, change or terminate civil rights and obligations.

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第五十五條 民事法律行為應(yīng)當具備下列條件：

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Article 55 A civil juristic act shall meet the following requirements:

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（一）行為人具有相應(yīng)的民事行為能力；

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(1) the actor has relevant capacity for civil conduct;

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（二）意思表示真實；

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(2) the intention expressed is genuine;?

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（三）不違反法律或者社會公共利益。

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and (3) the act does not violate the law or the public interest.

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第五十六條 民事法律行為可以采取書面形式、口頭形式或者其他形式。

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Article 56 A civil juristic act may be in written, oral or other form.?

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法律規(guī)定是特定形式的，應(yīng)當依照法律規(guī)定。

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If the law stipulates that a particular form be adopted, such stipulation shall be observed.

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第五十七條 民事法律行為從成立時起具有法律約束力。

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Article 57 A civil juristic act shall be legally binding once it is instituted.?

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行為人非依法律規(guī)定或者取得對方同意，不得擅自變更或者解除。

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The actor shall not alter or rescind his act except in accordance with the law or with the other party's consent.

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第五十八條 下列民事行為無效：

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Article 58 Civil acts in the following categories shall be null and void:

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（一）無民事行為能力人實施的；

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(1) those performed by a person without capacity for civil conduct;

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（二）限制民事行為能力人依法不能獨立實施的；

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(2) those that according to law may not be independently performed by a person with limited capacity for civil conduct;

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（三）一方以欺詐、脅迫的手段或者乘人之危，使對方在違背真實意思的情況下所為的；

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(3) those performed by a person against his true intentions as a result of cheating, coercion or exploitation of his unfavourable position by the other party;

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（四）惡意串通，損害國家、集體或者第三人利益的；

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(4) those that performed through malicious collusion are detrimental to the interest of the state, a collective or a third party;

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（五）違反法律或者社會公共利益的；

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(5) those that violate the law or the public interest;

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（六）經(jīng)濟合同違反國家指令性計劃的；

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(6) economic contracts that violate the state's mandatory plans;?

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（七）以合法形式掩蓋非法目的的。

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and (7) those that performed under the guise of legitimate acts conceal illegitimate purposes.

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無效的民事行為，從行為開始起就沒有法律約束力。

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?Civil acts that are null and void shall not be legally binding from the very beginning.

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第五十九條 下列民事行為，一方有權(quán)請求人民法院或者仲裁機關(guān)予以變更或者撤銷：

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Article 59 A party shall have the right to request a people's court or an arbitration agency to alter or rescind the following civil acts:

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（一）行為人對行為內(nèi)容有重大誤解的；

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(1) those performed by an actor who seriously misunderstood the contents of the acts;

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（二）顯失公平的。

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(2) those that are obviously unfair.

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被撤銷的民事行為從行為開始起無效。

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Rescinded civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning.

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第六十條 民事行為部分無效，不影響其他部分的效力的，其他部分仍然有效。

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Article 60 If part of a civil act is null and void, it shall not affect the validity of other parts.