中華人民共和國(guó)文物保護(hù)法

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Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics

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第一條 為了加強(qiáng)國(guó)家對(duì)文物的保護(hù)，有利于開(kāi)展科學(xué)研究工作，繼承我國(guó)優(yōu)秀的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)，進(jìn)行愛(ài)國(guó)主義和革命傳統(tǒng)教育，建設(shè)社會(huì)主義精神文明，特制定本法。

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Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to strengthening state protection of cultural relics, contributing to the development of scientific research, inheriting the splendid historical and cultural legacy of our nation, conducting education in patriotism and in the revolutionary tradition, and building a socialist society with an advanced culture and ideology.

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　　第二條 在中華人民共和國(guó)境內(nèi)，下列具有歷史、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)價(jià)值的文物，受?chē)?guó)家保護(hù)：

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Article 2 The state shall place under its protection, within the boundaries of the People's Republic of China, the following cultural relics of historical, artistic or scientific value:

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　?。ㄒ唬┚哂袣v史、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)價(jià)值的古文化遺址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺和石刻；

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(1) sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs, ancient architectural structures, cave temples and stone carvings that are of historical, artistic or scientific value;

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　?。ǘ┡c重大歷史事件、革命運(yùn)動(dòng)和著名人物有關(guān)的，具有重要紀(jì)念意義、教育意義和史料價(jià)值的建筑物、遺址、紀(jì)念物；

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(2) buildings, memorial sites and memorial objects related to major historical events, revolutionary movements or famous people that are highly memorable or are of great significance for education or for the preservation of historical data;

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　　（三）歷史上各時(shí)代珍貴的藝術(shù)品、工藝美術(shù)品；

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(3) valuable works of art and handicraft articles dating from various historical periods;

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　　（四）重要的革命文獻(xiàn)資料以及具有歷史、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)價(jià)值的手稿、 古舊圖書(shū)資料等；

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(4) important revolutionary documents as well as manuscripts and ancient or old books and materials, etc., that are of historical, artistic or scientific value; and

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　?。ㄎ澹┓从硽v史上各時(shí)代、各民族社會(huì)制度、社會(huì)生產(chǎn)、社會(huì)生活的代表性實(shí)物。

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(5) typical material objects reflecting the social system, social production or the life of various nationalities in different historical periods.

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　　文物鑒定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和辦法由國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)制定，并報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)。

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The criteria and measures for the verification of cultural relics shall be formulated by the state department for cultural administration, which shall report them to the State Council for approval.

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　　具有科學(xué)價(jià)值的古脊椎動(dòng)物化石和古人類(lèi)化石同文物一樣受?chē)?guó)家的保護(hù)。

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Fossils of paleovertebrates and paleoanthropoids of scientific value shall be protected by the state in the same way as cultural relics.

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　　第三條 國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)主管全國(guó)文物工作。

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Article 3 The state department for cultural administration shall take charge of the work concerning cultural relics throughout the country.

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　　地方各級(jí)人民政府保護(hù)本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的文物。各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和文物較多的自治州、縣、自治縣、市可以設(shè)立文物保護(hù)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，管理本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的文物工作。

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Local people's governments at various levels shall place under their protection cultural relics in their respective administrative areas. Provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government as well as autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities where there are relatively large amounts of cultural relics may set up organs for the protection and control of the cultural relics within their respective administrative areas.

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　　一切機(jī)關(guān)、組織和個(gè)人都有保護(hù)國(guó)家文物的義務(wù)。

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All government organs, public organizations and individuals have the obligation to protect the country's cultural relics.

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　　第四條 中華人民共和國(guó)境內(nèi)地下、內(nèi)水和領(lǐng)海中遺存的一切文物，屬于國(guó)家所有。

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Article 4 All cultural relics remaining underground or in the inland waters or territorial seas within the boundaries of the People's Republic of China shall be owned by the state.

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　　古文化遺址、古墓葬、石窟寺屬于國(guó)家所有。國(guó)家指定保護(hù)的紀(jì)念建筑物、古建筑、石刻等，除國(guó)家另有規(guī)定的以外，屬于國(guó)家所有。

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Sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs and cave temples shall be owned by the state. Memorial buildings, ancient architectural structures, stone carvings, etc., designated for protection by the state, unless governed by other state regulations, shall be owned by the state.

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　　國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)、部隊(duì)、全民所有制企業(yè)、事業(yè)組織收藏的文物，屬于國(guó)家所有。

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Cultural relics in the collection of state organs, armed forces, enterprises owned by the whole people and public institutions shall be owned by the state.

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　　第五條 屬于集體所有和私人所有的紀(jì)念建筑物、古建筑和傳世文物，其所有權(quán)受?chē)?guó)家法律的保護(hù)。文物的所有者必須遵守國(guó)家有關(guān)保護(hù)管理文物的規(guī)定。

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Article 5 Ownership of memorial buildings, ancient architectural structures and cultural relics handed down from generation to generation which belong to collectives or individuals shall be protected by state laws. Owners of the cultural relics must abide by the relevant state regulations governing the protection and control of cultural relics.

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　　第六條 文物保護(hù)管理經(jīng)費(fèi)分別列入中央和地方的財(cái)政預(yù)算。

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Article 6 The expenses for the protection and control of cultural relics shall be listed in the budgets of the central and local governments.

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　　第二章 文物保護(hù)單位

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CHAPTER II SITES TO BE PROTECTED FOR THEIR HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL VALUE

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　　第七條 革命遺址、紀(jì)念建筑物、古文化遺址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺、石刻等文物，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)它們的歷史、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)價(jià)值，分別確定為不同級(jí)別的文物保護(hù)單位。

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Article 7 Cultural relics, such as sites related to revolutionary history, memorial buildings, sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs, ancient architectural structures, cave temples, stone carvings, etc., shall be designated as sites to be protected for their historical and cultural value at different levels according to their historical, artistic or scientific value.

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　　縣、自治縣、市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位，由縣、自治縣、市人民政府核定公布，并報(bào)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府備案。

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Sites to be protected for their historical and cultural value at the level of counties, autonomous counties and cities shall be approved and announced by the people's governments at the same level and reported to the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for the record.

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　　省、自治區(qū)、直轄市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府核定公布，并報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院備案。

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Sites to be protected for their historical and cultural value at the level of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be approved and announced by the people's governments at the same level and reported to the State Council for the record.

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　　國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)在各級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位中，選擇具有重大歷史、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)價(jià)值的作為全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，或者直接指定全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位， 報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院核定公布。

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The state department for cultural administration shall select, from among the sites to be protected at different levels, those which have a significant historical, artistic or scientific value as major sites to be protected at the national level, or shall directly designate such sites and report them to the State Council for approval and announcement.

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　　第八條 保存文物特別豐富，具有重大歷史價(jià)值和革命意義的城市，由國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)會(huì)同城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)環(huán)境保護(hù)部門(mén)報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院核定公布為歷史文化名城。

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Article 8 Cities with an unusual wealth of cultural relics of high historical value and major revolutionary significance shall be recommended to the State Council by the state department for cultural administration together with the department for urban and rural construction and environmental protection to be approved and announced as famous cities of historical and cultural value.

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　　第九條 各級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位，分別由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府和縣、自治縣、市人民政府劃定必要的保護(hù)范圍，作出標(biāo)志說(shuō)明，建立記錄檔案，并區(qū)別情況分別設(shè)置專(zhuān)門(mén)機(jī)構(gòu)或者專(zhuān)人負(fù)責(zé)管理。

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Article 9 The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government and of counties, autonomous counties and cities shall delimit the necessary scope of protection, put up signs and notices, and establish records and files for the historical and cultural sites to be protected at different levels and shall, in the light of different circumstances, establish special organs or assign full-time personnel to be responsible for the administration of these sites.

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全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位的保護(hù)范圍和記錄檔案，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門(mén)報(bào)國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)備案。

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The scope of protection and records and files for the major sites to be protected at the national level shall be reported by the departments for cultural administration of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government to the state department for cultural administration for the record.

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　　第十條 各級(jí)人民政府制定城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)規(guī)劃時(shí)，事先要由城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃部門(mén)會(huì)同文化行政管理部門(mén)商定對(duì)本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)各級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位的保護(hù)措施，納入規(guī)劃。

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Article 10 When drawing up plans for urban and rural construction, the people's governments at various levels must see to it that protective measures for the historical and cultural sites to be protected at different levels are first worked out through consultation between the departments for urban and rural planning and the departments for cultural administration and that such measures are included in the plans.

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　　第十一條 文物保護(hù)單位的保護(hù)范圍內(nèi)不得進(jìn)行其他建設(shè)工程。如有特殊需要，必須經(jīng)原公布的人民政府和上一級(jí)文化行政管理部門(mén)同意。

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Article 11 No additional construction project may be undertaken within the scope of protection for a historical and cultural site. In cases of a special need, consent must be obtained from the people's government which made the original announcement on the designation of such a site and from the department for cultural administration at the next higher level.

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在全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行其他建設(shè)工程，必須經(jīng)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府和國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)同意。

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If an additional construction project is to be undertaken within the scope of protection for a major historical and cultural site to be protected at the national level, consent must be obtained from the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government and from the state department for cultural administration.

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　　第十二條 根據(jù)保護(hù)文物的實(shí)際需要，經(jīng)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府批準(zhǔn)，可以在文物保護(hù)單位的周?chē)鷦澇鲆欢ǖ慕ㄔO(shè)控制地帶。

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Article 12 On the basis of the actual needs for the protection of cultural relics and with the approval of the people's government of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government, a certain area for the control of construction may be delimited around a site to be protected for its historical and cultural value.

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在這個(gè)地帶內(nèi)修建新建筑和構(gòu)筑物，不得破壞文物保護(hù)單位的環(huán)境風(fēng)貌。其設(shè)計(jì)方案須征得文化行政管理部門(mén)同意后，報(bào)城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃部門(mén)批準(zhǔn)。

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Construction of new buildings or other structures in such an area shall not deform the environmental features of the historical and cultural site. The design for construction must be agreed to by the department for cultural administration before it is submitted to the department for urban and rural planning for approval.

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　　第十三條 建設(shè)單位在進(jìn)行選址和工程設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候， 因建設(shè)工程涉及文物保護(hù)單位的，應(yīng)當(dāng)事先會(huì)同省、自治區(qū)、直轄市或者縣、自治縣、市文化行政管理部門(mén)確定保護(hù)措施，列入設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)。

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Article 13 While choosing a construction site and designing a project, if the project involves a site to be protected for its historical and cultural value, the construction unit shall first work out the protective measures jointly with the department for cultural administration of a province, an autonomous region, or a municipality directly under the Central Government or of a county, an autonomous county or a city, and such measures shall be written into the planning project description.

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　　因建設(shè)工程和特別需要而必須對(duì)文物保護(hù)單位進(jìn)行遷移或者拆除的，應(yīng)根據(jù)文物保護(hù)單位的級(jí)別，經(jīng)該級(jí)人民政府和上一級(jí)文化行政管理部門(mén)同意。

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Any removal or dismantling involving a site to be protected for its historical and cultural value, if considered specially necessary for a project, shall be agreed to by the people's government at the same level as the site itself and by the department for cultural administration at the next higher level.

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全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位的遷移、或者拆除，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院決定。遷移、拆除所需費(fèi)用和勞動(dòng)力由建設(shè)單位列入投資計(jì)劃和勞動(dòng)計(jì)劃。

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Any removal or dismantling involving a major site to be protected at the national level shall be referred to the State Council by the people's government of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government for decision. The expenses and workforce required for the removal or dismantling shall be included in the investment and labour plans of the construction unit.

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　　第十四條 核定為文物保護(hù)單位的革命遺址、紀(jì)念建筑物、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺、石刻等（包括建筑物的附屬物），在進(jìn)行修繕、保養(yǎng)、遷移的時(shí)候，必須遵守不改變文物原狀的原則。

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Article 14 The principle of keeping the cultural relics in their original state must be adhered to in the repairs and maintenance at the sites designated as the ones to be protected for their historical and cultural value and in any removal involving these sites, such as sites related to revolutionary history, memorial buildings, ancient tombs, ancient architectural structures, cave temples, stone carvings, etc. (including attachments to the structures).

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　　第十五條 核定為文物保護(hù)單位的屬于國(guó)家所有的紀(jì)念建筑物或者古建筑，除可以建立博物館、保管所或者辟為參觀游覽場(chǎng)所外，如果必須作其他用途，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)文物保護(hù)單位的級(jí)別，由當(dāng)他文化行政管理部門(mén)報(bào)原公布的人民政府批準(zhǔn)。

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Article 15 If it is necessary to use a memorial building or an ancient architectural structure owned by the state at a place designated as a site to be protected for its historical and cultural value for purposes other than the establishment of a museum, a cultural relics preservation institute or a tourist site, the local department for cultural administration shall submit a report for approval to the people's government which originally announced the designation of such a site.

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全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位如果必須作其他用途，應(yīng)經(jīng)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府同意，并報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)。這些單位以及專(zhuān)設(shè)的博物館等機(jī)構(gòu)，都必須嚴(yán)格遵守不改變文物原狀的原則，負(fù)責(zé)保護(hù)建筑物及附屬文物的安全，不得損毀、改建、添建或者拆除。使用紀(jì)念建筑物、古建筑的單位，應(yīng)當(dāng)負(fù)責(zé)建筑物的保養(yǎng)和維修。

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If it is necessary to use for other purposes a major site to be protected for its historical and cultural value at the national level, the matter shall be agreed to by the people's government of a province, an autonomous region, or a municipality directly under the Central Government and shall be reported to the State Council for approval. The units in charge of these sites as well as specially established organs, such as museums, must strictly abide by the principle of keeping the cultural relics in their original state, and must be responsible for the safety of the buildings and of the affiliated cultural relics, and may not damage, rebuild, extend or dismantle them. Units which use memorial buildings or ancient architectural structures shall be responsible for the maintenance and repair of these buildings or structures.

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　　第三章 考古發(fā)掘

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CHAPTER III ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS

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　　第十六條 一切考古發(fā)掘工作，都必須履行報(bào)批手續(xù)。地下埋藏的文物，任何單位或者個(gè)人都不得私自發(fā)掘。出土的文物除根據(jù)需要交給科學(xué)研究部門(mén)研究的以外，由當(dāng)?shù)匚幕姓芾聿块T(mén)指定的單位保管，任何單位或者個(gè)人不得侵占。

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Article 16 The procedure of submitting reports for approval must be performed for all archaeological excavations. No unit or individual may conduct excavations without permission. The cultural relics unearthed, except for those to be handed over, as may be necessary, to scientific research institutions for the purpose of research, shall be taken care of by units designated by local departments for cultural administration, and no unit or individual may take them into its or his own possession.

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為了保證文物安全、進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究和充分發(fā)揮文物的作用，省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門(mén)，必要時(shí)可以報(bào)經(jīng)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府批準(zhǔn)，調(diào)用本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的出土文物；國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，可以調(diào)用全國(guó)的重要出土文物。

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With a view to ensuring the safety of the cultural relics, conducting scientific research and making full use of cultural relics, the departments for cultural administration of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, when necessary, transfer and use the cultural relics within their respective administrative areas after reporting to and securing the approval of the people's governments of these administrative divisions; the state department for cultural administration may, upon approval by the State Council, transfer and use major cultural relics unearthed anywhere in the country.

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　　第十七條 各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文物機(jī)構(gòu)、考古研究機(jī)構(gòu)和高等學(xué)校等，為了科學(xué)研究進(jìn)行考古發(fā)掘，必須提出發(fā)掘計(jì)劃，報(bào)國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)會(huì)同中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院審查，經(jīng)國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)批準(zhǔn)后，始得進(jìn)行發(fā)掘。

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Article 17 To conduct archaeological excavations for the purpose of scientific research, institutions in charge of cultural relics, institutions for archaeological research and institutions of higher learning in the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall submit their excavation programmes to the state department for cultural administration for joint examination with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and may not proceed with the excavations until they obtain the approval of the state department for cultural administration.

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　　需要對(duì)全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位進(jìn)行的考古發(fā)掘，由國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)會(huì)同中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院審核后，報(bào)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)。

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Archaeological excavation programmes which have to be carried out at the major sites to be protected for their historical and cultural value at the national level shall be submitted to the state department for cultural administration for joint examination with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences before they are forwarded to the State Council for approval.

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　　第十八條 在進(jìn)行大型基本建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的時(shí)候，建設(shè)單位要事先會(huì)同省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門(mén)在工程范圍內(nèi)有可能埋藏文物的地方進(jìn)行文物的調(diào)查或者勘探工作。

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Article 18 Before carrying out a large-scale capital construction project, the construction unit shall first conduct investigation or prospecting related to cultural relics, together with the department for cultural administration of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government, at places where such relics may be buried underground within the area designated for the project.

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調(diào)查、勘探中發(fā)現(xiàn)文物，應(yīng)當(dāng)共同商定處理辦法。遇有重要發(fā)現(xiàn)，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門(mén)及時(shí)報(bào)國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)處理。

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If cultural relics are discovered in the course of investigation and prospecting, measures for handling them should be jointly decided upon by the two parties through consultation. In case of important discoveries, the department for cultural administration of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government shall submit timely reports for handling by the state department for cultural administration.

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　　在進(jìn)行基本建設(shè)工程或者農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，任何單位或者個(gè)人發(fā)現(xiàn)文物，應(yīng)立即報(bào)告當(dāng)?shù)匚幕姓芾聿块T(mén)。遇有重要發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)?shù)匚幕姓芾聿块T(mén)必須及時(shí)報(bào)請(qǐng)上級(jí)文化行政管理部門(mén)處理。

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While carrying out capital construction or agricultural production, any unit or individual that discovers cultural relics shall immediately report the discoveries to the local department for cultural administration. In case of important discoveries, the local department for cultural administration must submit timely reports for handling by the departments for cultural administration at higher levels.

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　　第十九條 需要配合建設(shè)工程進(jìn)行的考古發(fā)掘工作，應(yīng)由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門(mén)在勘探工作的基礎(chǔ)上提出發(fā)掘計(jì)劃，報(bào)國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)會(huì)同中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院審查，由國(guó)家文化行政管理部門(mén)批準(zhǔn)。

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Article 19 With regard to archaeological excavations which have to be carried out along with a construction project, the department for cultural administration of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government shall submit an excavation programme based on prospecting to the state department for cultural administration for joint examination with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and for approval by the department.

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確因建設(shè)工期緊迫或有自然破壞的危險(xiǎn)，對(duì)古文化遺址、古墓葬急需進(jìn)行搶救的，可由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門(mén)組織力量進(jìn)行發(fā)掘工作，并同時(shí)補(bǔ)辦批準(zhǔn)手續(xù)。

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In cases where the pressing time limit for the completion of the project or the danger of natural damage makes it truly urgent to rescue the sites of ancient culture and ancient tombs, the department for cultural administration of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government may organize people to proceed with the excavations while going through the procedures to obtain approval.

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　　第二十條 凡因進(jìn)行基本建設(shè)和生產(chǎn)建設(shè)需要文物勘探、考古發(fā)掘的，所需費(fèi)用和勞動(dòng)力由建設(shè)單位列入投資計(jì)劃和勞動(dòng)計(jì)劃，或者報(bào)上級(jí)計(jì)劃部門(mén)解決。

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Article 20 The expenses and workforce needed for the prospecting for cultural relics and archaeological excavations which have to be carried out because of capital construction or construction for productive purposes shall be included in the investment and labour plans of the construction units or reported to planning departments at higher levels for proper arrangement.