第八十一條 中華人民共和國(guó)主席代表中華人民共和國(guó)，接受外國(guó)使節(jié)；根據(jù)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)的決定，派遣和召回駐外全權(quán)代表，批準(zhǔn)和廢除同外國(guó)締結(jié)的條約和重要協(xié)定。

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Article 81 The President of the People's Republic of China receives foreign diplomatic representatives on behalf of the People's Republic of China and, in pursuance of the decisions of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, appoints or recalls plenipotentiary representatives abroad, and ratifies or abrogates treaties and important agreements concluded with foreign states.

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第八十二條 中華人民共和國(guó)副主席協(xié)助主席工作。

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Article 82 The Vice-President of the People's Republic of China assists the President in his work.?

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中華人民共和國(guó)副主席受主席的委托，可以代行主席的部分職權(quán)。

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The Vice-President of the People's Republic of China may exercise such functions and powers of the President as the President may entrust to him.

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第八十三條 中華人民共和國(guó)主席、副主席行使職權(quán)到下屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)選出的主席、副主席就職為止。

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Article 83 The President and Vice-President of the People's Republic of China exercise their functions and powers until the new President and Vice- President elected by the succeeding National People's Congress assume office.

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第八十四條 中華人民共和國(guó)主席缺位的時(shí)候，由副主席繼任主席的職位。

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Article 84 In the event that the office of the President of the People's Republic of China falls vacant, the Vice-President succeeds to the office of the President.

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中華人民共和國(guó)副主席缺位的時(shí)候，由全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)補(bǔ)選。

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In the event that the office of the Vice-President of the People's Republic of China falls vacant, the National People's Congress shall elect a new Vice-President to fill the vacancy.?

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中華人民共和國(guó)主席、副主席都缺位的時(shí)候，由全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)補(bǔ)選；在補(bǔ)選以前，由全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)委員長(zhǎng)暫時(shí)代理主席職位。

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In the event that the office of both the President and the Vice-President of the People's Republic of China fall vacant, the National People's Congress shall elect a new President and a new Vice-President. Prior to such election, the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall temporarily act as the President of the People's Republic of China.

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第三節(jié) 國(guó)務(wù)院

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Section 3 The State Council

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第八十五條 中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院，即中央人民政府，是最高國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)的執(zhí)行機(jī)關(guān)，是最高國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)。

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Article 85 The State Council, that is, the Central People's Government, of the People's Republic of China is the executive body of the highest organ of state power; it is the highest organ of state administration.

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第八十六條 國(guó)務(wù)院由下列人員組成：

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Article 86 The State Council is composed of the following:?

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總理，副總理若干人，國(guó)務(wù)委員若干人，各部部長(zhǎng)，各委員會(huì)主任，審計(jì)長(zhǎng)，秘書長(zhǎng)，

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the Premier; the Vice-Premiers; the State Councillors; the Ministers in charge of ministries; the Ministers in charge of commissions; the Auditor-General; and the Secretary-General.

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國(guó)務(wù)院實(shí)行總理負(fù)責(zé)制。各部、各委員會(huì)實(shí)行部長(zhǎng)、主任負(fù)責(zé)制。國(guó)務(wù)院的組織由法律規(guī)定。

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The Premier assumes overall responsibility for the work of the State Council. The Ministers assume overall responsibility for the work of the ministries and commissions. The organization of the State Council is prescribed by law.

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第八十七條 國(guó)務(wù)院每屆任期同全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)每屆任期相同。

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Article 87 The term of office of the State Council is the same as that of the National People's Congress.

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總理、副總理、國(guó)務(wù)委員連續(xù)任職不得超過兩屆。

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The Premier, Vice-Premiers and State Councillors shall serve no more than two consecutive terms.

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第八十八條 總理領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國(guó)務(wù)院的工作。副總理、國(guó)務(wù)委員協(xié)助總理工作。

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Article 88 The Premier directs the work of the State Council. The Vice-Premiers and State Councillors assist the Premier in his work.

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總理、副總理、國(guó)務(wù)委員、秘書長(zhǎng)組成國(guó)務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì)議。

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Executive meetings of the State Council are to be attended by the Premier, the Vice-Premiers, the State Councillors and the Secretary-General of the State Council.?

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總理召集和主持國(guó)務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì)議和國(guó)務(wù)院全體會(huì)議。

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The Premier convenes and presides over the executive meetings and plenary meetings of the State Council.

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第八十九條 國(guó)務(wù)院行使下列職權(quán)：

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Article 89 The State Council exercises the following functions and powers:

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（一）根據(jù)憲法和法律，規(guī)定行政措施，制定行政法規(guī)，發(fā)布決定和命令；

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?(1) to adopt administrative measures, enact administrative rules and regulations and issue decisions and orders in accordance with the Constitution and the law;?

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（二）向全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)或者全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)提出議案；

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(2) to submit proposals to the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee;

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（三）規(guī)定各部和各委員會(huì)的任務(wù)和職責(zé)，統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)各部和各委員會(huì)的工作，并且領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不屬于各部和各委員會(huì)的全國(guó)性的行政工作；

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?(3) to formulate the tasks and responsibilities of the ministries and commissions of the State Council, to exercise unified leadership over the work of the ministries and commissions and to direct all other administrative work of a national character that does not fall within the jurisdiction of the ministries and commissions;?

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（四）統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國(guó)地方各級(jí)國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)的工作，規(guī)定中央和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)的職權(quán)的具體劃分；

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(4) to exercise unified leadership over the work of local organs of state administration at various levels throughout the country, and to formulate the detailed division of functions and powers between the Central Government and the organs of state administration of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government;

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（五）編制和執(zhí)行國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃和國(guó)家預(yù)算；

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?(5) to draw up and implement the plan for national economic and social development and the state budget;?

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（六）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理經(jīng)濟(jì)工作和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)；

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(6) to direct and administer economic affairs and urban and rural development;?

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（七）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理教育、科學(xué)、文化、衛(wèi)生、體育和計(jì)劃生育工作；

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(7) to direct and administer the affairs of education, science, culture, public health, physical culture and family planning;?

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（八）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理民政、公安、司法行政和監(jiān)察等工作；

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(8) to direct and administer civil affairs, public security, judicial administration, supervision and other related matters;?

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（九）管理對(duì)外事務(wù)，同外國(guó)締結(jié)條約和協(xié)定；

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(9) to conduct foreign affairs and conclude treaties and agreements with foreign states;

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（十）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理國(guó)防建設(shè)事業(yè)；

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?(10) to direct and administer the building of national defence;

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（十一）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理民族事務(wù)，保障少數(shù)民族的平等權(quán)利和民族自治地方的自治權(quán)利；

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?(11) to direct and administer affairs concerning the nationalities and to safeguard the equal rights of minority nationalities and the right to autonomy of the national autonomous areas;

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（十二）保護(hù)華僑的正當(dāng)?shù)臋?quán)利和利益，保護(hù)歸僑和僑眷的合法的權(quán)利和利益；

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?(12) to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals residing abroad and protect the lawful rights and interests of returned overseas Chinese and of the family members of Chinese nationals residing abroad;?

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（十三）改變或者撤銷各部、各委員會(huì)發(fā)布的不適當(dāng)?shù)拿?、指示和?guī)章；

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(13) to alter or annul inappropriate orders, directives and regulations issued by the ministries or commissions;?

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（十四）改變或者撤銷地方各級(jí)國(guó)家行政機(jī)關(guān)的不適當(dāng)?shù)臎Q定和命令；

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(14) to alter or annul inappropriate decisions and orders issued by local organs of state administration at various levels;?

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（十五）批準(zhǔn)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的區(qū)域劃分，批準(zhǔn)自治州、縣、自治縣、市的建置和區(qū)域劃分；

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(15) to approve the geographic division of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and to approve the establishment and geographic division of autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties, and cities;?

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（十六）決定省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的范圍內(nèi)部分地區(qū)的戒嚴(yán)；

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(16) to decide on the imposition of martial law in parts of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government;

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（十七）審定行政機(jī)構(gòu)的編制，依照法律規(guī)定任免、培訓(xùn)、考核和獎(jiǎng)懲行政人員；

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?(17) to examine and decide on the size of administrative organs and, in accordance with the law, to appoint or remove administrative officials, train them, appraise their performance and reward or punish them;?

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（十八）全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)和全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)授予的其他職權(quán)。

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and (18) to exercise such other functions and powers as the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee may assign to it.

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第九十條 國(guó)務(wù)院各部部長(zhǎng)、各委員會(huì)主任負(fù)責(zé)本部門的工作；召集和主持部務(wù)會(huì)議或者委員會(huì)會(huì)議、委務(wù)會(huì)議，討論決定本部門工作的重大問題。

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Article 90 Ministers in charge of the ministries or commissions of the State Council are responsible for the work of their respective departments and they convene and preside over ministerial meetings or general and executive meetings of the commissions to discuss and decide on major issues in the work of their respective departments.?

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各部、各委員會(huì)根據(jù)法律和國(guó)務(wù)院的行政法規(guī)、決定、命令，在本部門的權(quán)限內(nèi)，發(fā)布命令、指示和規(guī)章。

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The ministries and commissions issue orders, directives and regulations within the jurisdiction of their respective departments and in accordance with the law and the administrative rules and regulations, decisions and orders issued by the State Council.

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第九十一條 國(guó)務(wù)院設(shè)立審計(jì)機(jī)關(guān)，對(duì)國(guó)務(wù)院各部門和地方各級(jí)政府的財(cái)政收支，對(duì)國(guó)家的財(cái)政金融機(jī)構(gòu)和企業(yè)事業(yè)組織的財(cái)務(wù)收支，進(jìn)行審計(jì)監(jiān)督。

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Article 91 The State Council establishes an auditing body to supervise through auditing the revenue and expenditure of all departments under the State Council and of the local governments at various levels, and the revenue and expenditure of all financial and monetary organizations, enterprises and institutions of the state.

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審計(jì)機(jī)關(guān)在國(guó)務(wù)院總理領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，依照法律規(guī)定獨(dú)立行使審計(jì)監(jiān)督權(quán)，不受其他行政機(jī)關(guān)、社會(huì)團(tuán)體和個(gè)人的干涉。

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Under the direction of the Premier of the State Council, the auditing body independently exercises its power of supervision through auditing in accordance with the law, subject to no interference by any other administrative organ or any public organization or individual.

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第九十二條 國(guó)務(wù)院對(duì)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)并報(bào)告工作；在全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)閉會(huì)期間，對(duì)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)并報(bào)告工作。

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Article 92 The State Council is responsible and reports on its work to the National People's Congress or, when the National People's Congress is not in session, to its Standing Committee.

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第三章 國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu) 第四節(jié) 中央軍事委員會(huì)

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Section 4 The Central Military Commission

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第九十三條 中華人民共和國(guó)中央軍事委員會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國(guó)武裝力量。

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Article 93 The Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China directs the armed forces of the country.

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中央軍事委員會(huì)由下列人員組成：主席，副主席若干人，委員若干人，

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The Central Military Commission is composed of the following: the Chairman; the Vice-Chairmen; and the members.

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中央軍事委員會(huì)實(shí)行主席負(fù)責(zé)制。

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The Chairman assumes overall responsibility for the work of the Central Military Commission.

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中央軍事委員會(huì)每屆任期同全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)每屆任期相同。

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The term of office of the Central Military Commission is the same as that of the National People's Congress.

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第九十四條 中央軍事委員會(huì)主席對(duì)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)和全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)。

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Article 94 The Chairman of the Central Military Commission is responsible to the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee.

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第三章 國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu) 第五節(jié) 地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì) 和地方各級(jí)人民政府

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Section 5 The Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments at Various Levels

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第九十五條 省、直轄市、縣、市、市轄區(qū)、鄉(xiāng)、民族鄉(xiāng)、鎮(zhèn)設(shè)立人民代表大會(huì)和人民政府#.

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Article 95 People's congresses and people's governments are established in provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government, counties, cities, municipal districts, townships, nationality townships, and towns.

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地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)和地方各級(jí)人民政府的組織由法律規(guī)定。

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The organization of local people's congresses and local people's governments at various levels is prescribed by law.

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自治區(qū)、自治州、自治縣設(shè)立自治機(jī)關(guān)。自治機(jī)關(guān)的組織和工作根據(jù)憲法第三章第五節(jié)、第六節(jié)規(guī)定的基本原則由法律規(guī)定。

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Organs of self-government are established in autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties. The organization and working procedures of organs of self-government are prescribed by law in accordance with the basic principles laid down in Sections 5 and 6 of? Chapter III of the Constitution.

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第九十六條 地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)是地方國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)。

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Article 96 Local people's congresses at various levels are local organs of state power.

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縣級(jí)以上的地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)設(shè)立常務(wù)委員會(huì)。

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?Local people's congresses at and above the county level establish standing committees.

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第九十七條 省、直轄市、設(shè)區(qū)的市的人民代表大會(huì)代表由下一級(jí)的人民代表大會(huì)選舉；縣、不設(shè)區(qū)的市、市轄區(qū)、鄉(xiāng)、民族鄉(xiāng)、鎮(zhèn)的人民代表大會(huì)代表由選民直接選舉。

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Article 97 Deputies to the people's congresses of provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts are elected by the people's congresses at the next lower level; deputies to the people's congresses of counties, cities not divided into districts, municipal districts, townships, nationality townships, and towns are elected directly by their constituencies.

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地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)代表名額和代表產(chǎn)生辦法由法律規(guī)定。

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The number of deputies to local people's congresses at various levels and the manner of their election are prescribed by law.

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第九十八條 省、直轄市、設(shè)區(qū)的市的人民代表大會(huì)每屆任期五年?？h、不設(shè)區(qū)的市、市轄區(qū)、鄉(xiāng)、民族鄉(xiāng)、鎮(zhèn)的人民代表大會(huì)每屆任期三年。

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Article 98 The term of office of the people's congresses of provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts is five years. The term of office of the people's congresses of counties, cities not divided into districts, municipal districts, townships, nationality townships, and towns is three years.

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第九十九條 地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)在本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)，保證憲法、法律、行政法規(guī)的遵守和執(zhí)行；依照法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限，通過和發(fā)布決議，審查和決定地方的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)和公共事業(yè)建設(shè)的計(jì)劃。

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Article 99 Local people's congresses at various levels ensure the observance and implementation of the Constitution and the law and the administrative rules and regulations in their respective administrative areas. Within the limits of their authority as prescribed by law, they adopt and issue resolutions and examine and decide on plans for local economic and cultural development and for the development of public services.??

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縣級(jí)以上的地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)審查和批準(zhǔn)本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃、預(yù)算以及它們的執(zhí)行情況的報(bào)告；有權(quán)改變或者撤銷本級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)不適當(dāng)?shù)臎Q定。

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Local people's congresses at and above the county level shall examine and approve the plans for economic and social development and the budgets of their respective administrative areas and examine and approve the reports on their implementation. They have the power to alter or annul inappropriate decisions of their own standing committees.

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民族鄉(xiāng)的人民代表大會(huì)可以依照法律規(guī)定的權(quán)限采取適合民族特點(diǎn)的具體措施。

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The people's congresses of nationality townships may, within the limits of their authority as prescribed by law, take specific measures suited to the characteristics of the nationalities concerned.

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第一百條 省、直轄市的人民代表大會(huì)和它們的常務(wù)委員會(huì)，在不同憲法、法律、行政法規(guī)相抵觸的前提下，可以制定地方性法規(guī)，報(bào)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)備案。

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Article 100 The people's congresses of provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government and their standing committees may adopt local regulations, which must not contravene the Constitution and the law and administrative rules and regulations, and they shall report such local regulations to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.