第四十一條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民對(duì)于任何國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)和國(guó)家工作人員，有提出批評(píng)和建議的權(quán)利；對(duì)于任

何國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)和國(guó)家工作人員的違法失職行為，有向有關(guān)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)提出申訴、控告或者檢舉的權(quán)利，但是

不得捏造或者歪曲事實(shí)進(jìn)行誣告陷害。

Article 41 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right to criticize and make

suggestions regarding any state organ or functionary. Citizens have the right to make to

relevant state organs complaints or charges against, or exposures of, any state organ or

functionary for violation of the law or dereliction of duty; but fabrication or distortion

of facts for purposes of libel or false incrimination is prohibited.

對(duì)于公民的申訴、控告或者檢舉，有關(guān)國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)必須查清事實(shí)，負(fù)責(zé)處理。

The state organ concerned must deal with complaints, charges or exposures made by citizens

in a responsible manner after ascertaining the facts.??

任何人不得壓制和打擊報(bào)復(fù)。

No one may suppress such complaints, charges and exposures or retaliate against the

citizens making them.

由于國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)和國(guó)家工作人員侵犯公民權(quán)利而受到損失的人，有依照法律規(guī)定取得賠償?shù)臋?quán)利。

Citizens who have suffered losses as a result of infringement of their civic rights by any

state organ or functionary have the right to compensation in accordance with the law.

第四十二條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民有勞動(dòng)的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。

Article 42 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right as well as the duty to

work.??

國(guó)家通過(guò)各種途徑，創(chuàng)造勞動(dòng)就業(yè)條件，加強(qiáng)勞動(dòng)保護(hù)，改善勞動(dòng)條件，并在發(fā)展生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，提高

勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬和福利待遇。

Through various channels, the state creates conditions for employment, enhances

occupational safety and health, improves working conditions and, on the basis of expanded

production, increases remuneration for work and welfare benefits.

?

勞動(dòng)是一切有勞動(dòng)能力的公民的光榮職責(zé)。國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè)和城鄉(xiāng)集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的勞動(dòng)者都應(yīng)當(dāng)以國(guó)家主人翁

的態(tài)度對(duì)待自己的勞動(dòng)。

?

Work is a matter of honour for every citizen who is able to work. All working people in

state enterprises and in urban and rural economic collectives should approach their work as

the masters of the country that they are.

?

國(guó)家提倡社會(huì)主義勞動(dòng)競(jìng)賽，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)勞動(dòng)模范和先進(jìn)工作者。國(guó)家提倡公民從事義務(wù)勞動(dòng)。

?

?The state promotes socialist labour emulation, and commends and rewards model and advanced

workers. The state encourages citizens to take part in voluntary labour.

?

國(guó)家對(duì)就業(yè)前的公民進(jìn)行必要的勞動(dòng)就業(yè)訓(xùn)練。

?

The state provides necessary vocational training for citizens before they are employed.

?

第四十三條 中華人民共和國(guó)勞動(dòng)者有休息的權(quán)利。

?

Article 43 Working people in the People's Republic of China have the right to rest.

?

國(guó)家發(fā)展勞動(dòng)者休息和休養(yǎng)的設(shè)施，規(guī)定職工的工作時(shí)間和休假制度。

?

The state expands facilities for the rest and recuperation of the working people and

prescribes working hours and vacations for workers and staff.

?

第四十四條 國(guó)家依照法律規(guī)定實(shí)行企業(yè)事業(yè)組織的職工和國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)工作人員的退休制度。退休人員的生

活受到國(guó)家和社會(huì)的保障。

?

Article 44 The state applies the system of retirement for workers and staff of enterprises

and institutions and for functionaries of organs of state according to law. The livelihood

of retired personnel is ensured by the state and society.

?

第四十五條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民在年老、疾病或者喪失勞動(dòng)能力的情況下，有從國(guó)家和社會(huì)獲得物質(zhì)幫

助的權(quán)利。

?

Article 45 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right to material assistance

from the state and society when they are old, ill or disabled.

?

國(guó)家發(fā)展為公民享受這些權(quán)利所需要的社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)、社會(huì)救濟(jì)和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)。

?

The state develops social insurance, social relief and medical and health services that are

required for citizens to enjoy this right.

?

國(guó)家和社會(huì)保障殘廢軍人的生活，撫恤烈士家屬，優(yōu)待軍人家屬。

?

The state and society ensure the livelihood of disabled members of the armed forces,

provide pensions to the families of martyrs and give preferential treatment to the families

of military personnel.

?

國(guó)家和社會(huì)幫助安排盲、聾、啞和其他有殘疾的公民的勞動(dòng)、生活和教育。

?

The state and society help make arrangements for the work, livelihood and education of the

blind, deaf-mutes and other handicapped citizens.

?

第四十六條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民有受教育的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。

?

Article 46 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the duty as well as the right to

receive education.

?

國(guó)家培養(yǎng)青年、少年、兒童在品德、智力、體質(zhì)等方面全面發(fā)展。

?

The state promotes the all-round development of children and young people, morally,

intellectually and physically.

?

第四十七條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民有進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究、文學(xué)藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作和其他文化活動(dòng)的自由。國(guó)家對(duì)于從事

教育、科學(xué)、技術(shù)、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)和其他文化事業(yè)的公民的有益于人民的創(chuàng)造性工作，給以鼓勵(lì)和幫助。

?

Article 47 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the freedom to engage in

scientific research, literary and artistic creation and other cultural pursuits. The state

encourages and assists creative endeavors conducive to the interests of the people that are

made by citizens engaged in education, science, technology, literature, art and other

cultural work.

?

第四十八條 中華人民共和國(guó)婦女在政治的、經(jīng)濟(jì)的、文化的、社會(huì)的和家庭的生活等各方面享有同男子

平等的權(quán)利。

?

Article 48 Women in the People's Republic of China enjoy equal rights with men in all

spheres of life, in political, economic, cultural, social and family life.

?

國(guó)家保護(hù)婦女的權(quán)利和利益，實(shí)行男女同工同酬，培養(yǎng)和選拔婦女干部。

?

The state protects the rights and interests of women, applies the principle of equal pay

for equal work to men and women alike and trains and selects cadres from among women.

?

第四十九條 婚姻、家庭、母親和兒童受?chē)?guó)家的保護(hù)。

?

Article 49 Marriage, the family and mother and child are protected by the state.

?

夫妻雙方有實(shí)行計(jì)劃生育的義務(wù)。

?

Both husband and wife have the duty to practise family planning.

?

父母有撫養(yǎng)教育未成年子女的義務(wù)，成年子女有贍養(yǎng)扶助父母的義務(wù)。

?

Parents have the duty to rear and educate their children who are minors, and children who

have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. Violation of the

freedom of marriage is prohibited.

?

禁止破壞婚姻自由，禁止虐待老人、婦女和兒童。

?

Maltreatment of old people, women and children is prohibited.

?

第五十條 中華人民共和國(guó)保護(hù)華僑的正當(dāng)?shù)臋?quán)利和利益，保護(hù)歸僑和僑眷的合法的權(quán)利和利益。

?

Article 50 The People's Republic of China protects the legitimate rights and interests of

Chinese nationals residing abroad and protects the lawful rights and interests of returned

overseas Chinese and of the family members of Chinese nationals residing abroad.

?

第五十一條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民在行使自由和權(quán)利的時(shí)候，不得損害國(guó)家的、社會(huì)的、集體的利益和其

他公民的合法的自由和權(quán)利。

?

Article 51 Citizens of the People's Republic of China, in exercising their freedoms and

rights, may not infringe upon the interests of the state, of society or of the collective,

or upon the lawful freedoms and rights of other citizens.

?

第五十二條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民有維護(hù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一和全國(guó)各民族團(tuán)結(jié)的義務(wù)。

?

Article 52 It is the duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to safeguard the

unification of the country and the unity of all its nationalities.

?

第五十三條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民必須遵守憲法和法律，保守國(guó)家秘密，愛(ài)護(hù)公共財(cái)產(chǎn)，遵守勞動(dòng)紀(jì)律，

遵守公共秩序，尊重社會(huì)公德。

?

Article 53 Citizens of the People's Republic of China must abide by the Constitution and

the law, keep state secrets, protect public property, observe labour discipline and public

order and respect social ethics.

?

第五十四條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民有維護(hù)祖國(guó)的安全、榮譽(yù)和利益的義務(wù)，不得有危害祖國(guó)的安全、榮譽(yù)

和利益的行為。

?

Article 54 It is the duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to safeguard the

security, honour and interests of the motherland; they must not commit acts detrimental to

the security, honour and interests of the motherland.

?

第五十五條 保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)、抵抗侵略是中華人民共和國(guó)每一個(gè)公民的神圣職責(zé)。

?

Article 55 It is the sacred duty of every citizen of the People's Republic of China to

defend the motherland and resist aggression.

?

依照法律服兵役和參加民兵組織是中華人民共和國(guó)公民的光榮義務(wù)。

?

It is the honorable duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to perform military

service and join the militia in accordance with the law.

?

第五十六條 中華人民共和國(guó)公民有依照法律納稅的義務(wù)。

?

Article 56 It is duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to pay taxes in

accordance with the law.

?

第三章 國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu) 第一節(jié) 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)

?

Chapter III The Structure of the State Section 1 The National People's Congress

?

第五十七條 中華人民共和國(guó)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)是最高國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)。它的常設(shè)機(jī)關(guān)是全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)

常務(wù)委員會(huì)。

?

Article 57 The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China is the highest

organ of state power. Its permanent body is the Standing Committee of the National People's

Congress.

?

第五十八條 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)和全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)行使國(guó)家立法權(quán)。

?

Article 58 The National People's Congress and its Standing Committee exercise the

legislative power of the state.

?

第五十九條 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和軍隊(duì)選出的代表組成。各少數(shù)民族都應(yīng)當(dāng)有適當(dāng)

名額的代表。

?

Article 59 The National People's Congress is composed of deputies elected from the

provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and

of deputies elected from the armed forces. All the minority nationalities are entitled to

appropriate representation.

?

全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)代表的選舉由全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)主持。

?

Election of deputies to the National People's Congress is conducted by the Standing

Committee of the National People's Congress.

?

全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)代表名額和代表產(chǎn)生辦法由法律規(guī)定。

?

The number of deputies to the National People's Congress and the procedure of their

election are prescribed by law.

?

第六十條 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)每屆任期五年。

?

Article 60 The National People's Congress is elected for a term of five years.

?

全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)任期屆滿(mǎn)的兩個(gè)月以前，全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)必須完成下屆全國(guó)人民代表大

會(huì)代表的選舉。

?

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress must ensure the completion of

election of deputies to the succeeding National People's Congress two months prior to the

expiration of the term of office of the current National People's Congress.?

?

如果遇到不能進(jìn)行選舉的非常情況，由全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)以全體組成人員的三分之二以上的

多數(shù)通過(guò)，可以推遲選舉，延長(zhǎng)本屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)的任期。

?

Should extraordinary circumstances prevent such an election, it may be postponed and the

term of office of the current National People's Congress extended by the decision of a vote

of more than two-thirds of all those on the Standing Committee of the current National

People's Congress.?

在非常情況結(jié)束后一年內(nèi)，必須完成下屆全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)代表的選舉。

The election of deputies to the succeeding National People's Congress must be completed

within one year after the termination of such extraordinary circumstances.