中華人民共和國(guó)香港特別行政區(qū)基本法

THE BASIC LAW OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

序 言

Preamble

香港自古以來就是中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土，一八四零年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以后被英國(guó)占領(lǐng)。

Hong Kong has been part of the territory of China since ancient times; it was occupied by Britain after the Opium War in 1840.

一九八四年十二月十九日，中英兩國(guó)政府簽署了關(guān)于香港問題的聯(lián)合聲明，確認(rèn)中華人民共和國(guó)政府于一九九七年七月一日恢復(fù)對(duì)香港行使主權(quán)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)期以來中國(guó)人民收回香港的共同愿望。

On 19 December 1984, the Chinese and British Governments signed the Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong, affirming that the Government of the People's Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July 1997, thus fulfilling the long-cherished common aspiration of the Chinese people for the recovery of Hong Kong.

為了維護(hù)國(guó)家的統(tǒng)一和領(lǐng)土完整，保持香港的繁榮和穩(wěn)定，并考慮到香港的歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，國(guó)家決定，在對(duì)香港恢復(fù)行使主權(quán)時(shí)，根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)憲法第三十一條的規(guī)定，設(shè)立香港特別行政區(qū)，并按照“一個(gè)國(guó)家，兩種制度”的方針，不在香港實(shí)行社會(huì)主義的制度和政策。國(guó)家對(duì)香港的基本方針政策，已由中國(guó)政府在中英聯(lián)合聲明中予以闡明。

Upholding national unity and territorial integrity, maintaining the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong, and taking account of its history and realities, the People's Republic of China has decided that upon China's resumption of the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, a Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be established in accordance with the provisions of Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, and that under the principle of "one country, two systems," the socialist system and policies will not be practised in Hong Kong. The basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong have been elaborated by the Chinese Government in the Sino-British Joint Declaration.

根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)憲法，全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)特制定中華人民共和國(guó)香港特別行政區(qū)基本法，規(guī)定香港特別行政區(qū)實(shí)行的制度，以保障國(guó)家對(duì)香港的基本方針政策的實(shí)施。

In accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the National People's Congress hereby enacts the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, prescribing the systems to be practised in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, in order to ensure the implementation of the basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong.

第一章 總 則

Chapter I General Principles

第一條 香港特別行政區(qū)是中華人民共和國(guó)不可分離的部分。

Article 1 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is an inalienable part of the people's Republic of China.

第二條 全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)授權(quán)香港特別行政區(qū)依照本法的規(guī)定實(shí)行高度自治，享有行政管理權(quán)、立法權(quán)、獨(dú)立的司法權(quán)和終審權(quán)。

Article 2 The National People's Congress authorizes the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to exercise a high degree of autonomy and enjoy executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication, in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

第三條 香港特別行政區(qū)的行政機(jī)關(guān)和立法機(jī)關(guān)由香港永久性居民依照本法有關(guān)規(guī)定組成。

Article 3 The executive authorities and legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be composed of permanent residents of Hong Kong in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law.

第四條 香港特別行政區(qū)依法保障香港特別行政區(qū)居民和其他人的權(quán)利和自由。

Article 4 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall safeguard the rights and freedoms of the residents of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and of other persons in the Region in accordance with law.

第五條 香港特別行政區(qū)不實(shí)行社會(huì)主義制度和政策，保持原有的資本主義制度和生活方式，五十年不變。

Article 5 The socialist system and policies shall not be practised in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the previous capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years.

第六條 香港特別行政區(qū)依法保護(hù)私有財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)。

Article 6 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall protect the right of private ownership of property in accordance with law.

第七條 香港特別行政區(qū)境內(nèi)的土地和自然資源屬于國(guó)家所有，由香港特別行政區(qū)政府負(fù)責(zé)管理、使用、開發(fā)、出租或批給個(gè)人、法人或團(tuán)體使用或開發(fā)，其收入全歸香港特別行政區(qū)政府支配。

Article 7 The land and natural resources within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be State property. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be responsible for their management, use and development and for their lease or grant to individuals, legal persons or organizations for use or development. The revenues derived therefrom shall be exclusively at the disposal of the government of the Region.

第八條 香港原有法律，即普通法、衡平法、條例、附屬立法和習(xí)慣法，除同本法相抵觸或經(jīng)香港特別行政區(qū)的立法機(jī)關(guān)作出修改者外，予以保留。

Article 8 The laws previously in force in Hong Kong, that is, the common law, rules of equity, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law shall be maintained, except for any that contravene this Law, and subject to any amendment by the legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

第九條 香港特別行政區(qū)的行政機(jī)關(guān)、立法機(jī)關(guān)和司法機(jī)關(guān)，除使用中文外，還可使用英文，英文也是正式語文。

Article 9 In addition to the Chinese language, English may also be used as an official language by the executive authorities, legislature and judiciary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

第十條 香港特別行政區(qū)除懸掛中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)旗和國(guó)徽外，還可使用香港特別行政區(qū)區(qū)旗和區(qū)徽。

Article 10 Apart from displaying the national flag and national emblem of the People's Republic of China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may also use a regional flag and regional emblem.

香港特別行政區(qū)的區(qū)旗是五星花蕊的紫荊花紅旗。

The regional flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a red flag with a bauhinia highlighted by five star-tipped stamens.

香港特別行政區(qū)的區(qū)徽，中間是五星花蕊的紫荊花，周圍寫有“中華人民共和國(guó)香港特別行政區(qū)”和英文“香港”。

The regional emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a bauhinia in the centre highlighted by five star-tipped stamens and encircled by the words "Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China" in Chinese and "HONG KONG" in English.

第十一條 根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)憲法第三十一條，香港特別行政區(qū)的制度和政策，包括社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，有關(guān)保障居民的基本權(quán)利和自由的制度，行政管理、立法和司法方面的制度，以及有關(guān)政策，均以本法的規(guī)定為依據(jù)。

Article 11 In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the systems and policies practised in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, including the social and economic systems, the system for safeguarding the fundamental rights and freedoms of its residents, the executive, legislative and judicial systems, and the relevant policies, shall be based on the provisions of this Law.

香港特別行政區(qū)立法機(jī)關(guān)制定的任何法律，均不得同本法相抵觸。

No law enacted by the legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall contravene this Law.

第二章 中央和香港特別行政區(qū)的關(guān)系

Chapter II Relationship Between the Central Authorities and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

第十二條 香港特別行政區(qū)是中華人民共和國(guó)的一個(gè)享有高度自治權(quán)的地方行政區(qū)域，直轄于中央人民政府。

Article 12 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be a local administrative region of the People's Republic of China, which shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy and come directly under the Central People's Government.

第十三條 中央人民政府負(fù)責(zé)管理與香港特別行政區(qū)有關(guān)的外交事務(wù)。

Article 13 The Central People's Government shall be responsible for the foreign affairs relating to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

中華人民共和國(guó)外交部在香港設(shè)立機(jī)構(gòu)處理外交事務(wù)。

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China shall establish an office in Hong Kong to deal with foreign affairs.

中央人民政府授權(quán)香港特別行政區(qū)依照本法自行處理有關(guān)的對(duì)外事務(wù)。

The Central People's Government authorizes the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to conduct relevant external affairs on its own in accordance with this Law.

第十四條 中央人民政府負(fù)責(zé)管理香港特別行政區(qū)的防務(wù)。

Article 14 The Central People's Government shall be responsible for the defence of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

香港特別行政區(qū)政府負(fù)責(zé)維持香港特別行政區(qū)的社會(huì)治安。

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be responsible for the maintenance of public order in the Region.

中央人民政府派駐香港特別行政區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)防務(wù)的軍隊(duì)不干預(yù)香港特別行政區(qū)的地方事務(wù)。香港特別行政區(qū)政府在必要時(shí)，可向中央人民政府請(qǐng)求駐軍協(xié)助維持社會(huì)治安和救助災(zāi)害。

Military forces stationed by the Central People's Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for defence shall not interfere in the local affairs of the Region. The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may, when necessary, ask the Central People's Government for assistance from the garrison in the maintenance of public order and in disaster relief.

駐軍人員除須遵守全國(guó)性的法律外，還須遵守香港特別行政區(qū)的法律。

In addition to abiding by national laws, members of the garrison shall abide by the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

駐軍費(fèi)用由中央人民政府負(fù)擔(dān)。

Expenditure for the garrison shall be borne by the Central People's Government.

第十五條 中央人民政府依照本法第四章的規(guī)定任命香港特別行政區(qū)行政長(zhǎng)官和行政機(jī)關(guān)的主要官員。

Article 15 The Central People's Government shall appoint the Chief Executive and the principal officials of the executive authorities of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in accordance with the provisions of Chapter IV of this Law.

第十六條 香港特別行政區(qū)享有行政管理權(quán)，依照本法的有關(guān)規(guī)定自行處理香港特別行政區(qū)的行政事務(wù)。

Article 16 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested with executive power. It shall, on its own, conduct the administrative affairs of the Region in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Law.

第十七條 香港特別行政區(qū)享有立法權(quán)。

Article 17 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested with legislative power.

香港特別行政區(qū)的立法機(jī)關(guān)制定的法律須報(bào)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)備案。備案不影響該法律的生效。

Laws enacted by the legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region must be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record. The reporting for record shall not affect the entry into force of such laws.

全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)在征詢其所屬的香港特別行政區(qū)基本法委員會(huì)后，如認(rèn)為香港特別行政區(qū)立法機(jī)關(guān)制定的任何法律不符合本法關(guān)于中央管理的事務(wù)及中央和香港特別行政區(qū)的關(guān)系的條款，可將有關(guān)法律發(fā)回，但不作修改。

If the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, after consulting the Committee for the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under it, considers that any law enacted by the legislature of the Region is not in conformity with the provisions of this Law regarding affairs within the responsibility of the Central Authorities or regarding the relationship between the Central Authorities and the Region, the Standing Committee may return the law in question but shall not amend it.

經(jīng)全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)發(fā)回的法律立即失效。該法律的失效，除香港特別行政區(qū)的法律另有規(guī)定外，無溯及力。

Any law returned by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall immediately be invalidated. This invalidation shall not have retroactive effect, unless otherwise provided for in the laws of the Region.

第十八條 在香港特別行政區(qū)實(shí)行的法律為本法以及本法第八條規(guī)定的香港原有法律和香港特別行政區(qū)立法機(jī)關(guān)制定的法律。

Article 18 The laws in force in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be this Law, the laws previously in force in Hong Kong as provided for in Article 8 of this Law, and the laws enacted by the legislature of the Region.

全國(guó)性法律除列于本法附件三者外，不在香港特別行政區(qū)實(shí)施。凡列于本法附件三之法律，由香港特別行政區(qū)在當(dāng)?shù)毓蓟蛄⒎▽?shí)施。

National laws shall not be applied in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region except for those listed in Annex III to this Law. The laws listed therein shall be applied locally by way of promulgation or legislation by the Region.

全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)在征詢其所屬的香港特別行政區(qū)基本法委員會(huì)和香港特別行政區(qū)政府的意見后，可對(duì)列于本法附件三的法律作出增減，任何列入附件三的法律，限于有關(guān)國(guó)防、外交和其他按本法規(guī)定不屬于香港特別行政區(qū)自治范圍的法律。

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress may add to or delete from the list of laws in Annex III after consulting its Committee for the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the government of the Region. Laws listed in Annex III to this Law shall be confined to those relating to defence and foreign affairs as well as other matters outside the limits of the autonomy of the Region as specified by this Law.

全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)決定宣布戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)或因香港特別行政區(qū)內(nèi)發(fā)生香港特別行政區(qū)政府不能控制的危及國(guó)家統(tǒng)一或安全的動(dòng)亂而決定香港特別行政區(qū)進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)，中央人民政府可發(fā)布命令將有關(guān)全國(guó)性法律在香港特別行政區(qū)實(shí)施。

In the event that the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress decides to declare a state of war or, by reason of turmoil within the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region which endangers national unity or security and is beyond the control of the government of the Region, decides that the Region is in a state of emergency, the Central People's Government may issue an order applying the relevant national laws in the Region.

第十九條 香港特別行政區(qū)享有獨(dú)立的司法權(quán)和終審權(quán)。

Article 19 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be vested with independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication.

香港特別行政區(qū)法院除繼續(xù)保持香港原有法律制度和原則對(duì)法院審判權(quán)所作的限制外，對(duì)香港特別行政區(qū)所有的案件均有審判權(quán)。

The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall have jurisdiction over all cases in the Region, except that the restrictions on their jurisdiction imposed by the legal system and principles previously in force in Hong Kong shall be maintained.

香港特別行政區(qū)法院對(duì)國(guó)防、外交等國(guó)家行為無管轄權(quán)。香港特別行政區(qū)法院在審理案件中遇有涉及國(guó)防、外交等國(guó)家行為的事實(shí)問題，應(yīng)取得行政長(zhǎng)官就該等問題發(fā)出的證明文件，上述文件對(duì)法院有約束力。行政長(zhǎng)官在發(fā)出證明文件前，須取得中央人民政府的證明書。

The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall have no jurisdiction over acts of state such as defence and foreign affairs. The courts of the Region shall obtain a certificate from the Chief Executive on questions of fact concerning acts of state such as defence and foreign affairs whenever such questions arise in the adjudication of cases. This certificate shall be binding on the courts. Before issuing such a certificate, the Chief Executive shall obtain a certifying document from the Central People's Government.

第二十條 香港特別行政區(qū)可享有全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)和全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)常務(wù)委員會(huì)及中央人民政府授予的其他權(quán)力。

Article 20 The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may enjoy other powers granted to it by the National People's Congress, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress or the Central People's Government.