【專八mini系列】大蕭條(4/7)
來源:滬江聽寫酷
2013-08-21 21:30
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Scholars have not agreed on the exact causes and their relative importance. The search for causes is closely connected to the question of how to avoid a future depression, and so the political and policy viewpoints of scholars are mixed into the analysis of historic events eight decades ago. The even larger question is whether it was largely a failure on the part of free markets or largely a failure on the part of government efforts to regulate interest rates, curtail widespread bank failures, and control the money supply. Those who believe in a large role for the state in the economy believe it was mostly a failure of the free markets and those who believe in free markets believe it was mostly a failure of government that compounded the problem. Current theories may be broadly classified into three main points of view. First there are the monetarists, who believe that the Great Depression started as an ordinary recession, but that significant policy mistakes by monetary authorities (especially the Federal Reserve), caused a shrinking of the money supply which greatly exacerbated the economic situation, causing a recession to descend into the Great Depression.
對于造成大蕭條的確切原因及其相對重要性學者們意見不一致。對其起因的調(diào)查與如何避免未來的經(jīng)濟蕭條密切相關,所以學者們的政治和政策觀點含有對八十幾年前的歷史事件的分析。更大的問題在于,這主要是由于自由市場的失敗還是由于政府企圖調(diào)節(jié)利率,減少大規(guī)模的銀行倒閉和控制貨幣供應的失敗。那些認為國家在經(jīng)濟中發(fā)揮重大作用的人認為大蕭條主要是由于自由市場的失敗,然而那些相信自由市場的人相信它主要是由于政府的失敗加劇了這一問題。目前的理論大致可分為三個主要的觀點。首先是貨幣主義者,他們認為大蕭條始于一場普通的經(jīng)濟衰退,但是貨幣當局(尤其是聯(lián)邦儲備)做出的重大的政策錯誤引起了貨幣供應量收縮,大大加劇了經(jīng)濟形勢的惡化,導致經(jīng)濟衰退,陷入大蕭條。
翻譯by sugarle
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