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Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.

Definition: selection of different locations?

Reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour ______（ 填空不寫(xiě)）across circumstances




However, in random sampling, these five 20-minute periods may be distributed randomly over the course of the day. That is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary—some longer others shorter. One point I'd like to make is systematic and random time sampling are not always used in isolation. They are often combined in studies.For example, while observation intervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at random times. That means the researcher might decide to observe only during 15-second intervals that are randomly distributed within each 20-minute period. Now let's come to situation sampling. Then, what is situation sampling? It involves studying behaviour in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions. By sampling as many different situations as possible researchers can reduce the chance that their observation results will be peculiar to a certain set of circumstances and conditions. Why? Because people or for that manner animals do not behave in exactly the same way across all situations.
然而,在隨機(jī)抽樣中,這5個(gè)20分鐘的時(shí)間段可以是一天內(nèi)的任何時(shí)候。也就是說(shuō),觀測(cè)時(shí)間間隔將不再是一個(gè)小時(shí)---而是有的長(zhǎng)有的短。我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的一點(diǎn)是有系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間抽樣和隨機(jī)的時(shí)間抽樣并不總是單獨(dú)使用的。在研究中我們通常將這兩種方法結(jié)合使用。例如,盡管觀測(cè)時(shí)間間隔是有系統(tǒng)規(guī)定的,但一個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)要何時(shí)進(jìn)行觀察是不固定的。這意味著研究者可以在一個(gè)20分鐘的時(shí)間段內(nèi)隨意選取個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)開(kāi)始，然后只要每隔15秒觀察一次即可。接下來(lái)我們說(shuō)說(shuō)情景抽樣。那么,什么是情況抽樣呢?它包括在不同的地點(diǎn),在不同的環(huán)境以及不同的條件下研究行為。在情景抽樣中，如果有越多不同的情景，研究人員就可以更好地避免他們的觀察結(jié)果受限于某種特定的環(huán)境和條件。為什么?因?yàn)槿祟惢騽?dòng)物的行為方式在各種情況下都并不是一模一樣的。 翻譯by sugarle