英文中粗話的漢譯
世界上大概沒有哪一種語言文字不帶粗語、臟話的成分。特別是文學(xué)作品里,粗語、臟話時有所見(所聞)。我們用母語演講、寫作時完全可以做到少用或者不使用這類不文雅的字眼,但在作翻譯時就身不由己了。對原作中所出現(xiàn)的粗鄙字眼,即所謂“四字母詞(four letter words)”如果避而不譯,或者在翻譯時隨便加以“凈化”,說得輕點就是不“信”,說得重點是對原作的歪曲。無論原話有多“粗”、多“臟”,它們畢竟是原作的有機組成部分。在文學(xué)作品中,出自某些人物之口的詛語、粗話,正是他們心理活動、情緒變化的寫照。也是作家借以表現(xiàn)人物性格的重要手段之一。
英文里最常見的詛語恐怕非“damn”一詞莫屬了。另外,“son of a bitch"也常用作罵人的話。對這些“老牌號”詛語,漢語里似乎已有相對固定的譯法,前者多譯作“該死”,后者常譯為“婊子養(yǎng)的”或“狗狼養(yǎng)的”。有“老牌”就有“新秀”。發(fā)現(xiàn),“shit”一詞作為詛語,大有后來居上之勢。在當代文學(xué)作品里,在人物的對話中,該詞的出現(xiàn)頻率相當高。不僅男人將其掛在嘴邊,女流之輩也頻頻使用;不光成人說,小孩也會用;受過良好教育者時不時要用到,更不用說那些缺少修養(yǎng)的"大老粗”們了。凡是遇到不順心的事,或表示厭煩、不滿、困惑想發(fā)牢騷時,人們動不動就是“shit”。正因為該詞可用來表示多種復(fù)雜的心態(tài)和情緒,在譯成漢語時譯者就得多一個心眼,不能把目光停留在英漢詞典所列舉的那么幾個有限的選擇上,而應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文和其表達的不同含義,在漢語里挑選感情色彩相應(yīng)或相當?shù)耐Z加以表達。
請看下面的例句:
1. The telephone rang.
"Shit," Dale said.
The phone kept running.
"Don't answer it", she whispered.
"It might be Joanna," I said.
"No. It's your fucking friend Bloom," she said.
"It was my fucking friend Bloom."
戀人獨處時當然希望清靜,不愿外界打擾。對話雙方正是一對熱戀中的情侶?!皊hit”一詞的脫口而出恰如其分地表現(xiàn)出了她此時的厭煩、不滿之情,譯成“討厭”比較合適。(Joanna是男方與前妻所生的女兒,Bloom則是他同事)。
2.I put the receiver back on the cradle. Frank was still staring and scowling at me.
"What'd he want?" he asked.
"They've got George Harper. Morrie asked me to represent him during the Q and A."
"Shit,"Frank said.
與上例一樣,“shit”獨立成句,但所表達的意義有所不同。Frank對自己的搭檔(一民事律師事務(wù)所的合作者)要去插手一樁刑事案件大為不悅,指責(zé)人家“多管閑事”,在這種背景下,“shit”譯為“亂彈琴’比較符合人物的心理。
除了獨立成句外,“shit”還可在句子中充當其他成分,例如:
3."Some powerful shit. Cost enough, but, man, it was powerful."
這是一個黑人婦女在注射毒品后所說的,“shit”顯然是毒品的代名詞。 powerful shit可譯為“挺厲害的玩意兒”。
4."Susan," I said, my voice rising," I called to tell you that I'm home and Joanria is still in Mexico, She'll be back this Saturday and that's all I have to say to you.”
"That's not all Eliot will have to say to you."
"I welcome a call from that mealy-mouthed shit," I said, and hung up, trembling.
這是一對已離婚的夫妻在電話里的對話。女方責(zé)怪前夫不該自己先回國而把女兒留在墨西哥。 Eliot是女方“的私人律師中男方對他本來就有反感,聽到前妻提到他的名字便氣不打一處來,“shit”用來指人,可譯為“混蛋”。
5."Yes. She was a very beautiful woman, Morrie."
"Yeah," he said, and shook his head, "That's the shit of it, ain't it? From what I get from the complaint, she was beaten up real bad. So now she turns up on the beach, burned to death. Does it seem like a coincidence to you?"
這是一個警官與律師在談?wù)撘粯秲礆?。受害老是一個年輕美女,案情撲朔迷離,警方一籌莫展,“shit”出自一個警官之口,正是他無可奈何心境的寫照。與例3、例4不同的是,該詞在上下文中盡管也用作名詞,但沒有明確的指代關(guān)系R是暗示案情復(fù)雜,難以理清頭緒,因此翻譯時就不一定要譯成相應(yīng)的名詞。將“That's the shit of it”譯作“事情怪就怪在這里”。
下面再看看與“shit”有關(guān)的一個復(fù)合詞。
6."Susan, cut it out."
"Cut what out?"
"This bullshit about Dale."
"l certainly hope you don't use that kind of language in Jodanna's presence. It's bad enough…"
7. She told me a woman out on Fatback Key formed a committee…" "Oh, yeah, that bullshit committee, ..."
在以上兩例中,shit與bull一起構(gòu)成bullshit,前一個為名詞后一個用作形容詞,修飾committee。從上下文看, 前者指的是說話人前妻Susan對現(xiàn)在的情人Dale所使用的一個很難聽的稱號,另外考慮到下文里對方的抗議,即“that kind of language和“bad enough…",認為可將bullshit譯作“狗屁”。bullshit committee措的是一個群體淫亂團伙,故將其譯作“烏七八糟委員會”。
- 相關(guān)熱點:
- 英語學(xué)習(xí)資料
- 世界杯
- CATTI翻譯考試
- 經(jīng)典英譯文賞析
- 白雪公主話劇劇本