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Such people use others as means to their own ends, and never consider them as ends in themselves. Fundamentally they are not interested in those whom for the moment they think they love. They are interested only in the stimulus to their own activities, perhaps of a quite impersonal sort. Evidently this springs from some defect in their nature, but it is one not altogether easy either to diagnose or to cure. It is a characteristic frequently associated with great ambition, and is rooted, I should say, in an unduly one-sided view of what makes human happiness. Affection in the sense of a genuine reciprocal interest of two persons in each other, not solely as means to each other's good, but rather as a combination having a common good, is one of the most important elements of real happiness.
這種人總是把他人當(dāng)作工具來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)，卻從不考慮他人也有他自己的目標(biāo)。他們一時(shí)以為他們愛(ài)著那些人，其實(shí)那些人根本引不起他們的興趣；他們感興趣的不過(guò)是為自己的活動(dòng)添些刺激，而他們的活動(dòng)也許當(dāng)屬全無(wú)人格的那種。這種情形顯然源于他們本性上的某種缺陷，但是這種缺陷既不容易診斷也不容易治療。它往往與極大的野心有關(guān)，同時(shí)也是由于他們總是不恰當(dāng)?shù)貜膯畏矫嫒タ创松腋５木壒?。兩人真正相互關(guān)心意義的愛(ài)，不僅是促進(jìn)彼此幸福的手段，而且是促進(jìn)共同幸福的手段，是真正快樂(lè)的最重要因素之一。