經(jīng)典美文，聽(tīng)寫(xiě)——讓心情舒暢！ 每天上午10點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)與大家相見(jiàn)。 Hints: No. R. Esterbrook Co. 'Relief' Midland Bank
In addition to that there is the history of its manufacture: this particular nib is a 'Relief' nib, No. 314, made by R. Esterbrook and Co. in England, who supply the Midland Bank with pen-nibs, from whom I got it - a gift, I may say, but behind this nib there is the whole process of manufacture. In fact a pen nib implies universe, and the history of it implies its history. We may regard this way of looking at it - history as the time - aspect of all things: a pen-nib, the universe, the fiddled before me as I write, as a relative conception of history. There is, secondly, what we might call a substantive conception of history, what we usually mean by it, history proper as a subject of study in itself.
此外，還有制造過(guò)程的歷史：我這支筆尖其實(shí)是英國(guó)艾斯塔布禒克（Esterbrook）廠牌３１４號(hào)凸版型產(chǎn)品，專門(mén)供應(yīng)米特蘭銀行用品，我是從那兒取得的───或許應(yīng)該說(shuō)是銀行的贈(zèng)品。在這筆尖的北后有一連串的制造過(guò)程……。故此，這筆尖蘊(yùn)含了一個(gè)宇宙，而它的歷史也蘊(yùn)含了它自身的歷史。 我們可以把這種審視的方式看作──歷史就是所有事務(wù)的時(shí)間之面貌：一支筆尖、宇宙、眼前我寫(xiě)作的領(lǐng)域……作為歷史的相對(duì)觀念。 其二，則為我們稱作實(shí)質(zhì)觀念的歷史，就是我們通常所說(shuō)的，歷史本身作為一個(gè)研究的科目。