Hints 年份不用聽寫 Provisions of Oxford
If a writ existed a claim could be enforced; there was no recourse for a claim without a writ, the claim did not exist. This system became inflexible when the "Provisions of Oxford" prohibited the creation of new writs, except for the flexibility which the "writ upon the case" allowed and which later led to the development of contract and tort law.
（在1227年）如果有法院令狀，訴訟請求就會被強制執(zhí)行。沒有法院令狀的訴訟請求就沒有追索權(quán)，因而該訴訟請求就不存在。這一制度在（1258年）“牛津條例”禁止新令狀的產(chǎn)生以后變得固定下來。除非“本案令狀”被允許靈活性以外，后者后來發(fā)展成為合同與侵權(quán)法。