雅思小作文柱狀圖Bar類(lèi)解析
柱形圖Bar類(lèi)作文是雅思小作文中的一個(gè)比較重要的類(lèi)型。在寫(xiě)柱形圖作文時(shí)有哪些注意的點(diǎn)?本文對(duì)此做了總結(jié)。
關(guān)于柱狀圖我們主要分兩種寫(xiě)法:
1.如果橫軸有明顯的時(shí)間推移的話(huà),烤鴨們應(yīng)連接柱子頂點(diǎn),重在描述柱子的升降起伏,寫(xiě)法類(lèi)似于線(xiàn)狀圖。
2.如果無(wú)時(shí)間推移,則寫(xiě)法和餅狀圖一樣。即按照各比較對(duì)象所占比例的高低寫(xiě),同時(shí)要注意各所占比例之間的比較。
可以用到的詞匯有:
1.表示“占多少”的動(dòng)詞
Account for
Take up
Make up
Contribute to
Have
Represent
2.表示“最高級(jí)”和 “比較級(jí)”
第一/最小 the largest/biggest proportion of
第二 the second/next largest/expensive(+ 形容詞的最高級(jí))
第三 followed closely by
最低/最小 the smallest percent of all
3.表示“相同比例”
即在餅狀圖中遇到了比例相同或者差不多的餅,如有A B兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象。
A accounts for the same percentage as B .
The proportion of A is as high as B
?
A and B contributed equally/evenly to (all )
在觀(guān)察柱形圖的時(shí)候首先要留意橫軸的數(shù)據(jù),若橫軸為時(shí)間軸或者是年齡趨勢(shì),那么我們?cè)谥黧w段寫(xiě)作時(shí)候的基本思路就為從左到右;若橫軸數(shù)據(jù)為具體專(zhuān)有名詞諸如地點(diǎn),交通工具等時(shí),主體段的寫(xiě)作思路就可能是按照柱形的長(zhǎng)度排列。本文根據(jù)上述的分析做以下的總結(jié):
一、按照橫軸從左到右排列數(shù)據(jù):
1. 兩根柱且趨勢(shì)截然相反
在這種寫(xiě)法中,我們要注意觀(guān)察2根柱的上升/下降的幅度。以下我們就來(lái)看一個(gè)例子:
The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and the amount of support they received from employers.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.
You should write at least 150 words.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
?
The first graph shows that there is a gradual decrease in study for career reasons with age. Nearly 80% of students under 26 years, study for their career. This percentage gradually declines by approximately15% every decade. Only 40% of 40-49yr olds and 18% of over 49yr olds studied for career reasons in late adulthood.
Conversely, the first graph also shows that study stemming from interest increases with age. There are only 10% of under 26yr olds studying out of interest. The percentage increases slowly till the beginning of the fourth decade, and increases dramatically in late adulthood. Nearly same number of 40-49yr?
olds study for career and interest. However 70% of over 49yr olds study for interest in comparison to 18% studying for career reasons in that age group.
在第一幅柱狀圖中,我們可以看到,藍(lán)色和紅色的2根柱呈現(xiàn)出截然相反的變化趨勢(shì),因此,我們?cè)谂帕袛?shù)據(jù)時(shí)可以分別描述各自的上升/下降幅度,見(jiàn)劃線(xiàn)第一個(gè)句子。這2根柱的變化幅度相對(duì)都是比較均勻的,我們?cè)谟?jì)算幅度時(shí)可以簡(jiǎn)單的將最大和最小值相減,然后除以區(qū)間數(shù),就能得出大約的幅度,在描述時(shí)只要在幅度前加上表示大約的副詞即可。從句型角度,我們可以選擇主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)變化幅度的描寫(xiě),見(jiàn)劃線(xiàn)第一個(gè)句子。
接下來(lái),我們?cè)诿枋龅?根柱形變化的時(shí)候,要特別注意選擇的句型在邏輯關(guān)系上和第一根柱變化幅度間的聯(lián)系,見(jiàn)劃線(xiàn)第二個(gè)句子。
2. 三根以上柱形且多種趨勢(shì):
應(yīng)對(duì)這樣的柱形圖,我們可以先描寫(xiě)最長(zhǎng)的那根柱的數(shù)據(jù),也可以將最長(zhǎng)的2根柱的數(shù)據(jù)放在一起描寫(xiě)。以下我們就來(lái)看一個(gè)例子:
The graph shows Internet Usage in Taiwan by Age Group, 1998-2000.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.?
The graph shows changes in the age profile of Internet users in Taiwan between 1998 and 2000.
The main users of the Internet in Taiwan are young adults between 16 and 30 years old. In 1998, they accounted for more than half of all users. In 1999 the number dropped slightly to 45%, but even in 2000 they were the biggest group.
The second biggest group of users is aged between 31 and 50. They made up 41% in 1998, falling slightly to 37% in 2000. When combined with the 16-30 age group, over 94% of users in 1998 were between 16 and 50.
However this number is dropping steadily as more children and older users log on. In 1999, the number of children online quadrupled from 2% to 8%, and it continued to increase in 2000. There were similar increases for older users, rising from 4% in 1998 to 10% in 2000.
In summary, while adults between 16 and 50 still represent the great majority of Internet users in Taiwan, their share is declining as more children and older users join the web.
在第一個(gè)主體段中,作者先從最長(zhǎng)的紅色柱形入手,見(jiàn)劃線(xiàn)句子。然后在第二個(gè)主體段中繼續(xù)描寫(xiě)藍(lán)色柱形的數(shù)據(jù)。在句型選擇上我們發(fā)現(xiàn)2段首句都使用了主系表的簡(jiǎn)單句,選擇的主語(yǔ)也是類(lèi)似,因此從高分角度來(lái)講,我們可以將第2個(gè)主體段首句的主語(yǔ)換成原先的表語(yǔ),即31歲至50歲年齡組,效果會(huì)更好。
此外,我們還可以從描寫(xiě)柱形的整體趨勢(shì)作為突破口,如:
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980. Write a report for a university, lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.
The bar graph shows that the figures for imprisonment in the five countries mentioned indicate no overall pattern of increase or decrease. In fact there is considerable fluctuation from country to country.
In Great Britain the numbers in prison have increased steadily from 30 000 in 1930 to 80,000 in 1980. On the other hand in Australia, and particularly in New Zealand the numbers fell markedly from 1930 to 1940. Since then they have increased gradually, apart from in 1980 when the numbers in prison in New Zealand fell by about 30,000 from the 1970 total. Canada is the only country in which the numbers in prison have decreased over the period 1930 to 1980, although there have been fluctuations in this trend. The figures for the United States indicate the greatest number of prisoners compared to the other four countries but population size needs to be taken into account in this analysis.
The prison population in the United States increased rapidly from 1970 to 1980 and this must be a worrying trend.
從圖中我們發(fā)現(xiàn),每個(gè)國(guó)家的數(shù)據(jù)變化都是不同的,有升有降,沒(méi)有一個(gè)有規(guī)律的總體趨勢(shì),這時(shí)候,我們可以用劃線(xiàn)句子的寫(xiě)法在一開(kāi)始就描述數(shù)據(jù)的總體情況。接下來(lái)再分國(guó)家逐一描述即可。
二、橫軸為地點(diǎn),交通工具等其他專(zhuān)有名詞:
遇到這樣的情況,不管柱形有幾根,建議考生都可以按照長(zhǎng)度從長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)到短,也可以先以描述總體趨勢(shì)作為突破口,如以下這個(gè)圖:
The graph above show information of employment rates across 6 countries in 1995 and 2005.
Summarize the information by choosing and describe the main idea, and make comparisons where appropriate.
The graph shows changes in employment rates in six countries between 1995 and 2005, for men and women. Overall more and more people of working age are employed, and there have been significant improvements for women, although they leg behind men in entering the workforce.
The most obvious trend in the graph is that women have lower employment rates in most of the countries in the graph. For example, in Australia in 1995, 57 percent of men could find work or retain a job, but only 27 percent of women. The difference was even bigger in New Zealand, with 60 percent of women. Even in Switzerland and Iceland, alightly more men than women were in the job market.
The second biggest trend in the graph is the improvement in employment between 1995 and 2005. In all countries shown, figures for both men and women improved. The biggest change was in the United Kingdom, from 55 percent of men in 1995 to 73 percent over the ten years period.
Furthermore, the increases in employment rates for women were much higher in New Zealand. The percentage of working women jumped from 25 percent to 42 percent, and in the United States from 45 percent to 61 percent over the decade.
In conclusion, all the countries in the graph showed at least a 12 percent increase in employment rates of both men and women over the ten yeares. While men had relatively higher employment rate throughout the period, more and more women appear to be entering the labour market.
在這幅圖里,經(jīng)過(guò)觀(guān)察,我們首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)總體趨勢(shì),即婦女就業(yè)率盡管總體仍舊低于男性,但是情況正在好轉(zhuǎn),所有國(guó)家的婦女就業(yè)率都有顯著的上升。因此,我們可以抓住這個(gè)總趨勢(shì),在一上來(lái)就進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)。見(jiàn)第一段的劃線(xiàn)句子。但是經(jīng)過(guò)進(jìn)一步觀(guān)察分析,我們又發(fā)現(xiàn)2個(gè)趨勢(shì):一個(gè)是2005年婦女的就業(yè)率不論在哪個(gè)國(guó)家都要高于1995年同期的數(shù)據(jù);另外一個(gè)是婦女的就業(yè)率在所有國(guó)家不管在哪一年都要明顯低于男性的就業(yè)率。這2個(gè)趨勢(shì)的發(fā)現(xiàn),實(shí)際上可以作為2個(gè)分趨勢(shì),可以分別作為主體段開(kāi)頭的數(shù)據(jù)描寫(xiě)突破口。見(jiàn)后2段的劃線(xiàn)句子。
我們?cè)賮?lái)看一個(gè)例子:
The chart shows the number of mobile phones and landlines per 100 people in selected countries. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given.
The graph shows the number of mobile phones and landlines per 100 users, for selected countries. Overall, most of the countries included in the graph have more mobile phones subscribers than landlines.
Most European countries have high mobile phone use. The biggest users of mobile phones are the Italians, with 88 cell phones per 100 people. For example, Italy has twice as many mobile phones as landlines, with 88 mobiles per hundred people compared to 45 for landlines. Mobile phone use is low in Canada, with fewer than 40 phones per 100 people. Denmark is also unusual because it has slightly more landlines than mobile phones.
However, in some countries, the number of landlines is higher than the number of mobile phones. One example is the USA, where the number of mobiles, at 50 per 100 people, is much lower than the number of landlines, at almost 70 per hundred. A similar pattern can be seen in Canada. The highest number of landlines in the graph is in Denmark, with about 90 per 100 people. In contrast, the lowest figures for fixed lines are in Italy and the UK.
In conclusion, it seems that mobile phone use is higher in Europe than in North America.
在這個(gè)柱形圖中,通過(guò)觀(guān)察,我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)趨勢(shì):一是大部分國(guó)家手機(jī)使用數(shù)量要多于固定電話(huà)使用數(shù)量;二是歐洲國(guó)家的手機(jī)使用量明顯多于北美洲國(guó)家。見(jiàn)劃線(xiàn)的句子。我們?cè)谟^(guān)察圖形的時(shí)候,若橫軸是地點(diǎn),我們還需注意國(guó)家的分類(lèi),這點(diǎn)在高分范文中尤其可以成為一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)。
另外,建議考生們?cè)谟^(guān)察柱形的時(shí)候,還要特別注意落差較大的柱形,有時(shí)候以這些柱的數(shù)據(jù)描寫(xiě)作為突破口也不失為一種很好的嘗試,如上圖中第2段第2個(gè)劃線(xiàn)句子,就是以描述意大利的數(shù)據(jù)作為突破口,因?yàn)橐獯罄?根柱的落差是所有國(guó)家里最大的。