TEM-8 Test 2
PAPER ONE　

PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSION(40 MIN.)
In Section A, B and C you will hear everything ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each question on the Colored Answer Sheet.

SECTION A TALK
Question 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the talk.
1. When you say to your guest, "I hope you like it", he will probably think that ____.
A. the food may not be very good.
B. the food is very delicious.
C. you are being polite.
D. you are proud of the food.
正確答案是

2. Which of the following is not a simple, universal and socially neutral expression to use when drinking with someone?
A. Salud.
B. Prosit.
C. Bon appetit.
D. Skaal.
正確答案是

3. According to the author, the term "goodbye" is ____.
A. formal and final, therefore very appropriate to use.
B. often used for temporary affairs.
C. bit of baby-talking.
D. not very appropriate to use for temporary leave-taking.
正確答案是

4. According to Mr. Daniel Kane, ____
A. the English language is dying.
B. other European languages are superior than English.
C. English is better than any other language.
D. English doesn't exactly help social contact.
正確答案是

5. The main idea of the passage is ____
A. English customs are changing all the time.
B. English is more than deficient in its social contact expressions than other European
languages.
C. English cooking is the most notorious.
D. There is a gap between English and other languages.
正確答案是

SECTION B INTERVIEW
Question 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following question.
Now listen to the interview.
6. What's the relationship between the speakers?
A. colleagues.
B. friends.
C. roommates.
D. classmates.
正確答案是

7. What did Jane think of Potter's course?
A. There are too many things to do.
B. It's rubbish.
C. It's entertaining.
D. It's boring but very useful.
正確答案是

8. What did they think of Potter's fist lecture?
A. over-detailed.
B. interesting.
C. overloading.
D. boring.
正確答案是

9. What did the three speakers think of Potter's lecture dealing with the 18th century developments?
A. Jane and Helen thought it was good but Brain didn't.
B. All of them thought it was all right.
C. None of them thought much of it.
D. Helen and Brian liked it, but Jane thought it was too detailed and too formless.
正確答案是

10. What is the Union?
A. The place where the Students' Union is located.
B. A Department of the government.
C. A place where they can have coffee.
D. One of the states in U.S.A.
正確答案是

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Question 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question.

Now listen to the news.
11. According to Senator Smith, under what conditions will the trade restrictions against Vietnam end?
A. Vietnam withdraws its forces from Cambodia.
B. Vietnam takes part in some peace-keeping programs.
C. Vietnam offers more information about American soldiers missing in Vietnam.
D. Vietnam permits American companies to invest in Vietnam.
正確答案是

Questions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.

Now listen to the news.
12. Who attend the week-long meeting in Thailand?
A. Japanese foreign Minister.
B. the highest ASEAN government officials.
C. Japanese and ASEAN economic officials.
D. Japanese and U.S. economic ministers.
正確答案是

13. What is the precondition for Vietnam to enter ASEAN?
A. It must establish diplomatic relations with U.S.
B. It must break economic ties with Laos and Cambodia.
C. Its economy must be improved considerably.
D. Its import taxes with ASEAN countries should be lowered.
正確答案是

Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions.

Now listen to the news.
14. When and where was the U.S. help offered?
A. at a national rally Friday.
B. at an international conference Tuesday.
C. at UN assembly Sunday.
D. at a meeting Monday.
正確答案是

15. Why is there a fear in India now?
A. More than 40 people have died.
B. More people are going to die of the plague.
C. The disease may be spread to other place.
D. The government did nothing about it.
正確答案是

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING & GAP-FILLING
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

Man is the only animal that laughs. But what is the (16) of laughter? One writer thought that it is to (17) others or to gain stature over them by humiliating them. Another writer in the 17th century thought we laugh at the (18) of the others. Laughter is defined as an emotional (19) It originated as a kind of semi verbalized social expression of (20) Everyone likes a good laughter because he brings (21) with him wherever he goes. We cannot think that it was (22) in the early days of man's evolution.????

A second stage of the (23) is that nature favors those capable of expressing their pleasure in laughter. The development of (24) undeniably is an indispensable factor in the (25) of man's capacity to think and establish a mastery of his environment.


PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN.)
The following passage contains ten errors .Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word: cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.
　
One important outcome of the work on the expression????????????????????????????????????????????????
of genes in developing embryos is sure to be knowledge????????????????????????
that can help preventing birth defects. Just as promising
(26)
is the possibility of unraveling the complicated writing
(27)
of the brain. A mechanic gets valuable insight how an
(28)
automobile works by rebuilding car engines; similarly,
neuroscientists can learn how the brain functions from????????????????????????????????????????
(29)
the way it is put together. The next step pursuing the????
(30)
goal is to find out how the blueprint genes, the home box
genes, control the expression of other genes that create the
valves and piston of the working cerebral engine. The
protein encoded by the latter genes could change the????????????????????????????????????????????
(31)
stickiness of the cell surface, the shape of the cell or its
metabolism to create the characteristic peculiar to, say,
neurons or neural-crest cell. Surface proteins may be the????????????????????????????????
(32)
mechanism, whereby similar programmed cells stick
together to form specific structures; they might also sense????
(33)
the local environment to help the cell decide what is to do.
Clarifying those mechanisms will engage the best talents in????????????????????????????????
(34)
embryology and molecular biology for some times to come.????????????????????????
(35)
What is perhaps the most intriguing question of all is if the
brain is powerful enough to solve the puzzle of its own creation.


PART III READING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN.)
SECTION A: READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.)
In this section there are four reading passages followed by fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.

TEXT A
Such joy. It was the spring of 1985, and President Reagan had just given Mother Teresa the Medal of Freedom in a Rose Garden ceremony. As she left, she walked down the corridor between the Oval Office and the West Wing drive, and there she was, turning my way. What a sight: a saint in a sari coming down the White House hall. As she came nearer, I could not help it: I bowed. "Mother", I said, "I just want to touch your hand." She looked up at me -- it may have been one of God's subtle jokes that his exalted child spent her life looking up to everyone else -- and said only two words. Later I would realize that they were the message of her mission. "Luff Gott," she said. Love God. She pressed into my hand a poem she had written, as she glided away in a swoosh of habit.

I took the poem from its frame the day she died. It is free verse, 79 lines, and is called "Mother's Meditation (in the Hospital)." In it she reflects on Christ's question to his apostles: "Who do you say I am?" She notes that he was the boy born in Bethlehem," put in the manager full of straw... kept warm by the breath of the donkey," who grew up to be "an ordinary man without much learning."

Donkeys are not noble; straw is common; and it was among the ordinary and ignoble, the poor and sick, that she chose to labor. Her mission was for them and among them, and you have to be a pretty tough character to organize a little universe that exists to help people other people aren't interested in helping.

That's how she struck me when I met her as I watched her life. She was tough. There was the worn and weathered face, the abrupt and definite speech. We think saints are great organizers, great operators, great combatants in the world.

Once I saw her in a breathtaking act of courage. She was speaker at the National Prayer Breakfast in Washington in 1995. All the Washington Establishment was there, plus a few thousand born-again Christians, orthodox Catholics and Jews, and searchers looking for a faith. Mother Teresa was introduced, and she spoke of God, of love, of families. She said we must love one another and care for one another. There were great purrs of agreement.

But as the speech continued it became more pointed. She asked, "Do you do enough to make sure your parents, in the old people's homes, feel your love? Do you bring then each day your joy and caring?" The baby boomers in the audience began to shift in their seats. And she continued. "I feel that the greatest destroyer of peace today is abortion," she said, and then she told them why, in uncompromising term. For about 1.3 seconds there was complete silence, then applause built and swept across the room. But not everyone: the President and the First Lady, the Vice President and Mrs. Gore, looked like seated statues at Madame Tussaud's, glistening in the lights and moving not a muscle. She didn't stop there either, but went on to explain why artificial birth control is bad and why Protestants who separate faith from works are making a mistake. When she was finished, there was almost no one she hadn't offended. A US Senator turned to his wife and said, "Is my jaw up yet?"

Talk about speaking truth to power! But Mother Teresa didn't care, and she wasn't afraid. The poem she gave me included her personal answers to Christ's question. She said he is "the Truth to be told... the Way to be walked... the Light to be lit." She took her own advice and lived a whole life that showed it.

36. Who was the exalted child?
A. Mother Teresa.
B. the author.
C. I.
D. God.
正確答案是

37. Who raised the question "who do you say I am?"
A. the apostle.
B. Christ.
C. Mother Teresa.
D. she.
正確答案是

38. Which of the following is not a quality of Mother Teresa?
A. tough.
B. definite.
C. ethereal.
D. like a steam-roller.
正確答案是

39. Why did the President and the First Lady, the Vice President and Mrs. Gore look like seated statues at the Madame Tussaud's?
A. Because they didn't love Madame Tussaud.
B. Because they didn't like to move.
C. Because they were VIP.
D. Because they didn't quite agree with Mother Teresa over the issue of abortion.
正確答案是

40. According to Mother Teresa, abortion is ____
A. one of Protestant works.
B. one of Protestant faith.
C. one of the Truths.
D. not one of Protestant works
正確答案是

TEXT B
Since the Titanic vanished beneath the frigid waters of the North Atlantic 85 years ago, nothing in the hundreds of books and films about the ship has ever hinted at a connection to Japan -- until now. Director James Cameron's '200 million epic Titanic premiered at the Tokyo International Film Festival last Saturday. Among the audience for a glimpse of Hollywood's costliest film ever descendants of the liner's only Japanese survivor.

The newly rediscovered diary of Masabumi Hosono has Titanic enthusiasts in a frenzy. The document is scrawled in 4,300 Japanese character on a rare piece of RMS Titanic stationery. Written as the Japanese bureaucrat steamed to safety in New York aboard the ocean liner Carpathia, which rescued 706 survivors, the account and other documents released by his grandchildren last week offer a fresh -- and poignant -- reminder of the emotional wreckage left by the tragedy.

Hosono, then 42 and an official at Japan's Transportation Ministry, was studying railway networks in Europe. He boarded the Titanic in Southampton, en route home via the US. According to Hosono's account, he was awakened by a "loud knock" on the door of his second-class deck with the steerage passengers. Hosono tried to race back upstairs, but a sailor blocked his way. The Japanese feigned ignorance and pushed past. He arrived on deck to find lifeboats being lowered into darkness, flares bursting over the ship and an eerie human silence. He wrote:" Not a single passenger would howl or scream."

Yet Hosono was screaming inside. Women were being taken to lifeboats and men held back at gunpoint. "I tried to prepare myself for the last moment with no agitation, making up my mind not to do anything disgraceful as a Japanese," he wrote. "But still I found myself looking for and waiting for any possible chance of survival." Then an officer shouted, "Room for two more!" Hosono recalled:" I myself was deep in desolate thought that I would no more be able to see my beloved wife and children." Then he jumped into the boat.

When Hosono arrived in Tokyo two months later, he was met with suspicion that he had survived at someone else's expense. The culture of shame was especially strong in prewar Japan. In the face of rumors and bad press, Hosono was dismissed from his post in 1914. He worked at the office part-time until retiring in 1923. His grandchildren say he never mentioned the Titanic again before his death in 1939.

Even then, shame continued to haunt the family. In newspapers, letters and even a school textbook, Hosono was denounced as a disgrace to Japan. Reader's Digest reopened the wound in 1956 with an abridged Japanese version of Walter Load's best seller. A Night to remember, which described "Anglo-Saxons" as acting bravely on the Titanic, while "Frenchmen, Italians, Americans, Japanese and Chinese were disgraceful." Citing his father's diary, one of Hosono's sons, Hideo, launched a letter-writing campaign to restore the family name. But nobody in Japan seemed to care.

The diary resurfaced last summer. A representative for a US foundation that plans to hold an exhibition of Titanic artifacts in Japan next August found Hosono's name on a passenger list. A search led him to Haruomi Hosono, a well-known composer, and to his cousin Yuruoi, Hideo's daughter. She revealed that she had her grandfather's dairy as well as a collection of his letters and postcards. "I was floored," says Michael Findley, cofounder of the Titanic International Society in the US "This is a fantastic, fresh new look at the sinking and the only one written on Titanic stationery immediately after the disaster."

The information allows enthusiasts to rearrange some historical minutes, such as which lifeboat Hosono jumped into. More chilling, the account confirms that the crew tried to keep foreigners and third-class passengers on the ship's lower deck, effectively ensuring their name. The diary cannot correct injustice, but Hosono's family hopes it will help clear his name. The Titanic foundation also hopes to capitalize on the diary and the movie to promote its upcoming exhibition. To that end, Haruomi Hosono, the composer, has been asked to give a talk at next month's public premiere of Titanic! The diary cannot, of course, match Cameron's fictionalized epic for drama and intrigue. But at least Masabumi Hosono's tale really happened.

41. ______ was among the descendants of the Liner's only Japanese survivor.
A. Masabumi Hosono.
B. Yuriko.
C. Cameron.
D. RMS.
正確答案是

42. Why was Masabumi denounced as a disgrace to Japan?
A. Because he killed some people on the Titanic.
B. Because he was then an official.
C. Because he was dismissed from his ministry post.
D. Because the culture of shame was too strong.
正確答案是

43. What important role did the diary really play?
A. It corrected injustice.
B. It was as vivid as the movie "Titanic".
C. It proved what Masabumi said was true.
D. It made the Japanese believe what Masabumi had said.
正確答案是

TEXT C
For years, Europeans have been using "smart cards" to pay their way through the day. They use them in shops and restaurants, plug them into pubic into telephones as and parking meters. In France smart cards cover anything from a bistro bill to a swimming-pool entry fee. In American, smart cards are not nearly so common -- only about 43,000 are now circulating in the US and Canada -- but Forrester Research of Cambridge, Mass., predicts that number will balloon to 4.7 million by the year 2002.

What is a smart card, exactly, and how does it work?

Also called a chip card because of the tiny microprocessor embedded in it, a smart card looks like the other plastic in your wallet. To make things more confusing, some smart cards pull double duty as regular ATM bank cards. The difference is that when you swipe your ATM (or debit) card at the grocery-store checkout, you're draining cash from your bank account. Smart cards, on the other hand, are worthless unless they are "loaded with cash value", pulled directly from your bank account or traded for currency. The chip keeps track of the amounts stored and spent. The advantage, in theory, is convenience: consumers bother less with pocket change and are able to use plastic even at traditionally cash-only vendors. The electronic transaction doesn't require a signature, a PIN number or bank approval. Downside: lose the card, lose the money.????

Most people are probably more familiar with stored-value cards equipped only with a magnetic strip, such as fare card issued to riders on the Washington metro or the New York City subway. The newer chip-enhanced versions, armed with more memory and processing power, have popped up in various places in the past years or so, from college campuses to military bases to sports stadiums. Other experiments are under way. A health-care claims processor in Indianapolis, Ind., hopes smart cards will streamline medical-bill payments. In Ohio, food-stamp recipients receive a smart card rather paper vouchers.

Smart cards issued for general commerce are rarer, unless you happen to live in a place designated for a test run, such as Manhattan's Upper West Side. But big bank and plastic-purveying kings Visa and MasterCard are hot for the idea, promising more extensive trials and more elaborate, multipurpose cards capable of rendering everything else you carry -- plastic, paper or coin-- superfluous.

Today's smart cards may not be revolutionizing the way we buy the morning paper yet, but they could turn out to be right tool spur Internet commerce and banking. For the time being, though, smart cards are just another way to buy stuff. And it could be a while before even that catches on. Remember: some people still don't trust ATMs either.

44. Why are smart cards not nearly so common in American?
A. Probably because American have got used to ATM bank cards or stored-value cards.
B. Probably because American is too large.
C. Probably because American like signature.
D. Probably because American like paper vouchers.
正確答案是

45. The following are advantages of the chip card except that ____
A. consumers bother less with pocket change.
B. the transaction doesn't require a signature, a PIN number.
C. if you lose the card, you lose the money.
D. it is more convenient.
正確答案是

46. The aim of the article is to ____
A. show how to use smart cards.
B. show the difference between ATM card and chip card.
C. how the smart cards have become popular.
D. persuade Americans to use smart cards.
正確答案是

TEXT D
Paula Jones' case against Bill Clinton is now, for all possible political consequences and capacity for media sensation, a fairy routine lawsuit of its kind. It does, however, have enormous social significance. For those of us who care about sexual harassment, the matter of Jones v. Clinton is a great conundrum. Consider: if Jones, the former Arkansas state employee, proves her claims, then we must face the fact that we helped to elect someone -- Bill Clinton -- who has betrayed us on this vital issue. But if she is proved to be lying, then we must accept that we pushed onto the public agenda an issue that is venerable to manipulation by alleged victims. The skeptics will use Jones' case to cast doubt on the whole cause.

Still, Ms Jones deserves the chance to prove her case; she has a right to pursue this claim and have the process work. It will be difficult: these kinds of cases usually are, and Ms. Jones' task of suing a sitting president is harder than most.

She does have one thing sitting on her side: her case is in the courts. Sexual-harassment claims are really about violations of the alleged victims' civil rights, and there is no better forum for determining and assessing those violations -- and finding the truth -- than federal court. The judicial system can put aside political to decide these complicated issues. That is a feat that neither the Senate Judicial nor ethics committees have been able to accomplish-- witness the Clarence Thomas and Bob Packwood affairs. One lesson: the legal arena, not the political one, is the place to settle these sensitive problems.

Some have argued that the people (the "feminists") who rallied around me have failed to support Jones. Our situations, however, are quite different. In 1991 the country was in the middle of a public debate over whether Clarence Thomas should be confirmed to the Supreme Court. Throughout that summer, interest groups on both sides weighed in on his nomination. It was a public forum that invited a public conversation. But a pending civil action -- even one against the president -- does not generally invite that kind of public engagement.

Most of the public seems content to let the process move forward. And given the conundrum created by the claim, it is no wonder that many ("feminists" included) have been slow to jump into the Jones-Clinton fray. But people from all works of life remain open to her suit. We don't yet know which outcome we must confront: the president who betrayed the issue or the woman who used it. Whichever it is, we should continue to pursue sexual harassment with the same kind of energy and interest in eliminating the problem that we have in the past, regardless of who is the accused or the accuser. The statistics show that about 40 percent of women in the work force will encounter some form of harassment. We can't afford to abandon this issue now.

47. According to the passage, the Paula Jones' case was ____
A. nothing important.
B. very significant.
C. doubtful.
D. vulnerable.
正確答案是

48. The federal courts are much better than the Senate Judicial or ethics committees in determining and assessing those violations because ____
A. the federal courts have much bigger power.
B. the federal courts are forum for determining and assessing those violations.
C. the federal courts are more impartial.
D. the federal courts are political arena.
正確答案是

49. According to the passage, the issue of sexual harassment must be dealt with seriously because ____
A. the outcome is not known.
B. most of the public is not content.
C. many have been slow to jump into the Jones-Clinton fray.
D. as many as 40% of women in the work force will encounter it.
正確答案是

50. According to the passage, sexual harassment is to ____
A. violate politics.
B. violate the Supreme Court.
C. cast doubt on the whole issue.
D. violate civil rights.
正確答案是

Section B Skimming and Scanning (10 MIN.)
In this section there are seven passage followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.

TEXT E
First read the question.
51. The passage mainly discusses ____
A. Flight International.
B. world accidents.
C. pilot error accidents.
D. an aviation magazine.
正確答案是

Now go though Text E quickly to answer question 51.
Airplane crashes caused by pilot miscalculation during descent killed 640 people in 1997, more than in any previous year, according to a new report out last week.

Flight International, a respected aviation magazine, said its survey showed such crashes remained the biggest cause of airline passenger deaths.

Major airlines were still vulnerable to such accidents, despite improved technology, it said.

The accidents, known officially as "controlled flights into terrain," or CFITs, happened in clouds or darkness, usually on the descent towards an airport. The crew members made a navigational error or descended too low, or both, so that the aircraft hit the ground without the crew realizing the danger.

Special efforts had been made in recent years to reduce CFITs, Flight International said.

"Although small carriers and non-passenger operations tend, in most year, to account for the majority of the CFIT accidents, major carriers are manifestly vulnerable," the magazine said.

Flight International added that CFITs were thought to be responsible for the Korean Air Boeing 747 crash in Guam in August and the Garuda Airbus A300 accident in Sumatra, Indonesia, in September. Together, the accidents accounted for 462 deaths.

The previous record for CFITs in a single year was 582 in 1989.

The magazine said there were51 fatal airline accidents in 1997 resulting in 1,306 deaths. That compared with an annual average of 49 fatal accidents and 1,234 deaths for the preceding decade.

Areas with normally good safety records such as Western Europe, Australia, North America and the Middle East had a safe year, Flight International said.

Africa had no airline fatalities, and Latin America only one, but the southern part of the former Soviet Union, parts of Asia and the Asian Pacific regions fared less well.

TEXT F
First read the questions.
52. The passage focuses on ____.
A. the location of the valley.
B. the temperature of the valley.
C. the rivers, animals and plants of the valley.
D. the general features of the valley.
正確答案是

Now go through TEXT F quickly and answer question 52.

Death Valley is an arid, depressed, desert region, southeastern California. It was given its name by one of 18 survivors of a party of 30 attempting in 1849 to find a shortcut to the California goldfield. Much of the valley is below sea level, and near Badwater at 86 meters below sea level, is the lowest point in the western hemisphere. Death Valley National Monument (established 1933) has an area of 8368.1 sq km and incorporates the valley and surrounding mountains.

The valley is from 6 to 26 km wide and about 255 km long and is almost entirely enclosed by mountain ranges, volcanic in origin, bare and brilliantly colored. The Panamint Range on the west, which rises to a maximum altitude of 3367 m in Telescope Peak, shuts out the moist Pacific winds. On the east are the peaks of the Amargosa Range.

The summer temperatures in Death Valley, one of the hottest regions known, exceed 51.7 C in the shade and rarely fall below 21.1 C. The National Weather Service recorded 56.7 C IN 1913, the highest temperature ever recorded in the US. Average rainfall in a normal year is less than 51 mm. Sandstorms and dust whirlwinds of several hours' duration are common.

Several watercourses enter the valley, among them the Amargosa River from the south and Furnace Creek from the east, but it is only after heavy rains, which are rare, that they contain water. The lowest parts of the valley floor are salt flats, devoid of vegetation; higher portions contain a mixture of sand and salt grains, occasionally forming dunes. The western side of the valley floor is bordered by stunted mesquite, and in a marsh in the northern section a growth of tall, coarse grass is found; the east and west slopes have a sparse vegetation of cacti and desert shrubs and grasses. Animal life is confined to a few species of desert reptiles, such as horned toads and lizards and such mammals are as rabbits, rats, and the desert bighorn sheep.

Gold has been found in Death Valley, and silver, copper, and lead have been taken in paying quantities. The famous borax deposits of Death Valley were first mined in the 1880s.

TEXT G
First read the following question.
53. The primary purpose of the passage is to ____.
A. discuss the Japanese Prime Minister.
B. discuss the coined words in the recent Japanese language.
C. deal with language problem.
D. deal with word formation.
正確答案是

Now go through TEXT G quickly and answer question 53.
Japanese Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi was famous for making his own phone calls, ringing up advertisers, friends, politicians and people he read about in newspapers.

He picked up his push-button phone -- called a "pushu-phone" in Japanese -- punched in the number and announced," This is Obuchi."

After Obuchi's habits became known, it wasn't long before someone coined the word "buchi-phones."

So was born a Japanese word.

More than 6,000 words and phrases are added to the language each year -- most of them short-lived -- and used in a stream so rapid that people complain they often cannot figure out what is being said.

One word that is now acknowledged as a permanent part of the lexicon is "risutora", the Japanese version of "restructure". Its most common meaning here is to be fired or pressured to quit as a company downsizes.

"He was restructured" is heard frequently these days.

Teenagers are a major source of the linguistic additions, and, perhaps not surprisingly, adults say they are particularly difficult to understand.

All teens seem to know that "one-girl", which translates as "one-cut", is a way of communicating with friends by cell phone without paying the phone company. The caller lets the receiving phone ring once, then cuts it off. The recipient sees the number that the call came from, recognizes a friend and perhaps sends a one-giri back.

Many of these words are in English, often shortened and always pronounced according to the Japanese syllabic alphabet, which does not include, for example, "th" or any single consonant except "n.".

The Japanese words derived from English are not always recognizable.

"Game" is "geimu", "animation" is "anime". From "poketo (pocket)" and "monsuta (monster)" the Japanese took "poke" and "mon" to make, of course, "Pokemon".

Fumio Inoue, professor of social linguistics at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, said:" I do think that the number of new words reflects the degree of modernization of the culture. That's the first reason. The second is that we have a precedent for absorbing language from others."

The Japanese language is a mix of Chinese characters, words with Japanese roots and words from other language.

The distinction between words that were originally Japanese and those that came from Western language is eroding.

The Japanese word for "shame" is "shuchi". Young people are adding the English ending "less." So Japanese now say "shuchi-lesu" -- which is what many people seem so feel about twisting and stretching their language.

TEXT H
First read the following question.
54. The novel "Generation X" was written mainly for ____.
A. card games.
B. economy.
C. finance.
D. younger generation.
正確答案是

Now go through TEXT H quickly and answer question 54.
Douglas Coupland coined not only the term for a generation with novel "Generation X" but others like "Mcjob" and "veal-fattening pen".

All of them describe demoralizing prospects facing twenty-somethings.

But he is growing up. At 38, 10 years after he penned his culture-defining novel, Coupland now has an agent and a new book, "Missing Wyoming", with the new publishers Knopf/Pantheon in the United States and Random House in Canada.

But even though he is hurtling toward his 40s and has several books under his belt, he is still identified as the spokesman for careless twenty -- and thirty -- somethings drowning in consumerism.

"Generation X" is a field guide to and for the vast generation born in the 1970s and the 1980s -- a generation that has been incorrectly labeled "postponed" and "indifferent". It's a fiction about a wildly speeding subculture with no place to go.

"It's a calling card. It was written when the economy was really in the toilet, so a lot of the dialogue about identity got clumsily smashed together with financial futures and expectations", he said.

But Coupland has not turned his back on directionless souls. The craving for spirituality and human connection live on in his latest novel.

A smart, funny and fast-paced mystery with a heartfelt American romance at its core. "Missing Wyoming" is a tale of a has-been movie producer, John Johnson, and a former TV star and child beauty queen winner, Susan Colgate. Susan refuses to spend on more day peddling herself for cheesy TV sitcom parts and takes advantage of a very weird situation to disappear. John turns his back on a pleasure-seeking life making blockbuster action films.

At a point in their lives when glamour and fame seem to be a thing of the past, both decide to disappear.

Assisting Susan and John are a former beauty pageant mom, a pair of suburban intellects, a refugee, a variety of other 20th century Americans who all share the dream of one day taking center stage. In the novel they are lost souls looking for love in the celebrity-obsessed landscape of Los Angeles when they fatefully connect.

Born on a Canadian NATO base in Badensollingen, Germany, the soft-spoken Coupland spends much of his time in relative solitude at his home in Vancouver, where he has lived most his life.

Coupland says he is pleased the Generation X fame lives on in younger audiences because people have little guidance when it comes to steering through their terrible 20s.

"Your 20s suck. I wish someone would have told me that. We prepare people in this culture how to do an algebraic equation but no one ever teaches you how to deal with loneliness and worrying", he said. "I'd like to tell people in their 20s not to worry so much."

Which is what he does through his novel that increasingly are reaching a younger readership -- as evidence by those who came to his reading at Toronto's Glen Gould Theatre.

"There are these kids who really identify with this stuff, which is so specific to my own life, and Vancouver. The fact that anyone can relate to it outside of my own group of friends really surprises me," Coupland said.

"There again, I always assume that whatever book I am doing is going to be the one that no one understand".

TEXT I
First read the following questions.
55. Which is not one of the 6 principles discussed in the book?
A. living with integrity.
B. building a great management team.
C. inspiring employees to greatness.
D. being married to their original spouse.
正確答案是

56. Thomas J. Neff and James M. Citrin are ____.
A. persons whose job is to recruit staff.
B. sociologists.
C. CEO.
D. leaders.
正確答案是

Now go through TEXT I quickly and answer questions 55 and 56.

What males a leader? That's the question star headhunter Thomas J. Neff and James M. Citrin try to answer in their recent book, "Lessons from the Top: The Search for America's Best Business Leaders."

The six principles shared by top business leaders and discussed in the book are: Living with integrity, developing a winning strategy or "big idea", building a great management team, inspiring employees to greatness, creating a flexible and responsible organization and using reinforcing management systems.

Citrin and Neff elaborated on the six principles in a recent Business Week interview.

The most important one for business leaders is passion about what they are doing." The leaders we interviewed for the book loved to talk about their jobs."

"Also, the high-level jobs today are so enormously demanding that successful executives mu;xt have a high energy level. They work an average of 65 hours per week. When the passion and drive ebb, that's when you know it's time for that person to move on," said Neff.

Top leaders are clear thinkers. They are focused, know where they are heading, and are able to communicate with a wide audience.

Today's successful leaders know more about the team approach than did their predecessors. "It wasn't too many years ago that the dictatorial approach, the command-and-control management style, was accepted. Today, it's more about working through people, being more of a leader and empowering other executives on the team to carry out the mission," said Neff.

Citrin and Neff are not pretending to be sociologists, but it is clear that the dynamics of the labor market have given more power to talented employees. People in an organization often have the exact same information at about the same time as a person at the top. so no more can one tale for granted that information is power.

People often say it is difficult to create a good balance between work and family. Some feel you can be successful in work or with your family, but not both. But the reality seems to be that a strong family life and success on the home front actually contribute to professional success. Many of the CEOs interviewed by Citrin talk about the role their spouses play in their success. Of the 50 interviewed in the work, 42 are still married to their original spouse -- a sharp contract with the national divorce rate in the United States.

TEXT J
First read the following questions.
57. Professional accreditation exists in the following fields or programs except ____
A. medicine.
B. business.
C. religion.
D. engineering.
正確答案是

58. In what way can one find the best institutions in the USA?
A. To define one's academic and career goals, as well as personal preferences about the campus environment.
B. To check whether or not institutions are recognized by the COPA.
C. To avoid institutions that seem too anxious to enroll foreign students.
D. All of the above.
正確答案是

Now go through TEXT J quickly and answer questions 57 and 58.

A question that students often ask is, "How do I find the best institutions ?" Unfortunately, there are no simple answers.

The first step is to define your academic and career goals, as well as personal preferences about the campus environment. Then find institutions whose goals and offerings most closely match your needs.

A second step is to check whether or not institutions are recognized by the Council on Postsecondary Accreditation (COPA). Each year the American Council on Education publishes for COPA a list of all accredited institutions in the United states, called "Accredited Institutions of Postsecondary Education".

While there may be institutions of high quality, questions should be raised about the acceptance of degrees by, and transfer of credits to and from accredited institutions, and whether or not unaccredited institutions meet the minimum standard of a COPA-recognized institution. Caution should be exercised and considerably more information should be requested from such institutions before enrolling.

The United States does not have a ministry of education responsible for regulation of educational institutions. Instead, institutions agree to voluntary self-regulation in the process called accreditation. There are two types of accreditation: institutional and professional.

Institutional accreditation refers to the institution as a whole. For conferring institutions institutional accreditation, COPA recognizes six accrediting agencies, as well as accrediting agencies for independent schools and religious colleges.

Professional accreditation exists only in fields or programs where professional or occupational competence in the field is a major concern, such as medicine, engineering, business and law. Professional accrediting associations usually require that the entire institution be accredited before they will accredit a particular program.

The importance of professional accreditation varies from field to field. Often professional accreditation applies only to the first professional degree.

It is important to distinguish between accreditation and state authorization. State authorization or "state approval" may not involve regulation of quality at all, but simply indicate that an institution complies with financial and licensing regulations. Some states do not regulate educational institutions at all.

A third step in seeking quality is to avoid institutions that seem too anxious to enroll foreign students. Unfortunately, there are some institutions in the United States that are more interested in the dollars of foreign students than in providing a good education. These institutions are not numerous, but there are enough that caution is necessary.
Published rankings (assessments) of colleges and universities are available, but their usefulness varies. There is no "official" ranking of colleges and universities in the United states. Rankings according to competitiveness of admission (that is, the ration of the number of students who apply to the number admitted) are useful in giving an idea of the chances for admission.

For other rankings, it is necessary to define your goals carefully, and to make sure that the criteria on which a ranking is based match your criteria for choosing institution.

In the final analysis, finding the "best" institutions means finding the institutions that best meet your individual needs and interests.

TEXT K
First read the following questions.
59. The University of Swansea offers 470 degree courses for ____
A. undergraduates.
B. postgraduates.
C. both A and B.
D. Chinese students.
正確答案是

60. According to the two Chinese students, Swansea is not considered as a ____ city.
A. friendly.
B. expensive.
C. beautiful.
D. safe.
正確答案是

Now go through TEXT K quickly and answer questions 59 and 60.

The University of Wales Swansea has a compact campus a couple of miles from the city center. There are over 10,700 registered students following courses din the arts and social studies, business, economics and law, engineering, heath science and science. The University of Swansea offers 470 degree courses available at undergraduates and postgraduate level.

Tutors hold regular discussions with students in order to ensure that they are making satisfactory progress. Satisfactory progress means that a student must attend the required number of lectures and tutorials as well as complete all set assignments.

The students must also have passed the assessment scheme appropriate to that module. If, at the end of a year of study, a student fails one or more of the examinations, permission may be given to re-sit in the following September before the beginning of the next session.

However, there is no hard and fast rule governing permission to re-sit. Each individual case will be examined very carefully and all the factors, which have any bearing on the student's work, including any relevant personal circumstances (such as illness), will be sympathetically taken into consideration.

Each student must therefore aim to attain 120 credit points at the end of each year of study, in order to qualify to proceed, or in the case of final-year students, to be eligible to be considered for the award of a degree.

Two girls, Sun Yuen Chai and Yau Pui Wah, are studying the MSc in Health Care Management. They are from Shanghai. Sun is 24 and Yau is 25. Sun Yuen Chai:" I chose Swansea because of the quality content of the course and also because of its reputation as a friendly and safe city. I was also impressed by their speed of response to my application. I had everything I need so quickly. I also love being right beside the sea.

Yau Pui Wah:" Swansea is so beautiful, and so cheap compared to other UK cities. I found out about Swansea through the British Council and they offered the course I wanted. I love it and hope to stay to do a PhD. I recommend it to Chinese students".


PAPER TWO ( Time Limit: 120 MIN.)　

PART IV TRANSLATION (60 MIN.)
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH.(30 MIN.)

61. Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the Answer Sheet Three.

指南車（the compass vehicle) 相傳是黃帝發(fā)明的，到漢代便有了制造指南車的正式記載。指南車是中國古代科技成果的杰出典范，一向為國內(nèi)外學(xué)者廣泛重視。可惜，歷史上沒有留下指南車的事物，后人只能根據(jù)各種史料的記載來研究它的結(jié)構(gòu)和原理，并把他復(fù)原。中國的一些著名學(xué)者都曾經(jīng)致力于這項工作，30年代，王振鐸先生就已復(fù)原出指南車的模型。50年代，在他主持下，中國歷史博物館又再次復(fù)原了指南車。在國外，20年代英國已有研究指南車的論文發(fā)表，英國博物館也制作了指南車的模型。








SECTION B: ENGLISH TO CHINESE (30 MIN.)

62. Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet Three.
From this hill I have watched many moons rise. Each one had its own mood. There have been broad, confident harvest moons in autumn, shy, misty moons in spring; lonely, white winter moons rising into the utter silence of an ink-black sky and smoke-smudged orange moons over the dry fields of summer. Each, like fine music, excited my heart and then calmed my soul.
Moon gazing is an ancient art. To prehistoric hunters the moon overhead was as unerring as heartbeat. They knew that every 29 days it became full-bellied and brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was reborn. They knew the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset. They knew the waning moon rose later each night until it vanished in the sunrise. To have understood the moon's patterns from experience must have been a profound thing.

But we, who live indoors, have lost contact with the moon. The glare of street lights and the dust of population veil the night sky. Though men have walked on the moon, it grows less familiar. Few of us can say what time the moon will rise tonight.
Still, it tugs at our minds. If we unexpectedly encounter the full moon, huge and yellow over the horizon, we are helpless but to stare back at its commanding presence.









PART V: Writing (60 min.)
Adult Education Boom
Directions: Account for the boom in adult education and discuss the main reasons within 60 minutes. The length of your essay should be about 300 words.
In the first part of your writing you should present a brief description of adult education boom and in the following part you should present the reasons with appropriate examples. In the last part you may state your own view on this topic.

Mark will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.








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