首先建議大家從以下幾個(gè)著眼點(diǎn)閱讀這篇文章:

1.文化類(lèi)文章有哪些分類(lèi)?

2. 作者讀題時(shí)關(guān)注了哪些點(diǎn)?

3. 實(shí)際論述的時(shí)候,從什么角度和思維切入,思路是如何展開(kāi)?

4. 括號(hào)內(nèi)的英文表達(dá)和你嘗試的英文表達(dá)有何不同?

文化類(lèi)文章筆者將其劃分為兩類(lèi):一. 語(yǔ)言的同一化的話(huà)題;二. 文化新舊,異同產(chǎn)生的話(huà)題。

一、語(yǔ)言在全球化背景下的同一化

原因:在全球化的背景之下,經(jīng)濟(jì)文化科技快速發(fā)展,貿(mào)易更加頻繁(close business relationship),交流日益密切(increasing mutual communicating),當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言受到外來(lái)語(yǔ)言特別是通用語(yǔ)(franca lingua)的沖擊,世界的文化多樣性受到了影響(decrease cultural diversity)。但有些人認(rèn)為,這種趨勢(shì)利大于弊。

代表例題:Several languages are dying out every year. However, some people do not think it is important and claim that our life will be simpler with fewer languages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

解題注意點(diǎn):討論話(huà)題-語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越單一(language shift/assimilation)是否需引起注意??蓮膬蓚€(gè)角度出發(fā):1. 支持語(yǔ)言多來(lái)越單一。2. 反對(duì)語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越單一。當(dāng)然鑒于題目的問(wèn)法,也可直接表態(tài),就其中一個(gè)角度展開(kāi)討論。

另需要特別注意的是該題強(qiáng)調(diào)的是語(yǔ)言單一帶來(lái)的結(jié)果,而不是原因。接下來(lái)嘗試下能否揣摩透我的寫(xiě)作思路?

支持越來(lái)越單一。語(yǔ)言單一,意味著國(guó)與國(guó)之間交流(improvecommunication) 更加便利(呼應(yīng)了題目的simpler,作切題用),發(fā)展中國(guó)家可更好借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家先進(jìn)技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)(introduce and draw on advanced technology),最終促進(jìn)各國(guó)間經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮,所以有必要(呼應(yīng)題目)。

不支持越來(lái)越單一。語(yǔ)言是文化的一種體現(xiàn)(the representation of cultures)。反映當(dāng)?shù)厝说乃季S習(xí)慣(mindsets),道德觀(traditional moral principles)和文化財(cái)富(culturalpossessions)。語(yǔ)言單一意味著這些東西的丟失,最終可能造成國(guó)家社會(huì)凝聚力和創(chuàng)造力/多樣性的削弱(social cohesion and creativity/diversity will be undermined), 而這些都是一個(gè)國(guó)家永葆獨(dú)立興盛的重要要素(important factors in sustaining an independent and prosperous nation)所以應(yīng)當(dāng)阻止語(yǔ)言單一 (呼應(yīng)題目)。

有很多同學(xué)問(wèn)如何把零碎的觀點(diǎn)有條理地呈現(xiàn)出來(lái),在這給大家介紹一種思維順序:把題目話(huà)題具體化(從一個(gè)點(diǎn)切入,而不是一個(gè)面),通過(guò)這個(gè)具體的點(diǎn)進(jìn)一步討論它導(dǎo)致的直接甚至深遠(yuǎn)結(jié)果。請(qǐng)回過(guò)頭來(lái)看一下文章思路,能否劃分出這些思維過(guò)程?比如剛剛提到的支持方,思維過(guò)程首先從交流(點(diǎn))開(kāi)始,到技術(shù),經(jīng)驗(yàn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展(結(jié)果)。

當(dāng)然我們還是要適當(dāng)考慮下如何解決或改善語(yǔ)言同一化所帶來(lái)人們歸屬感、社會(huì)凝聚力、國(guó)家創(chuàng)造力方面的問(wèn)題,以應(yīng)對(duì)建議類(lèi)問(wèn)題。在這里給大家介紹最常規(guī)好用的幾種解決方案思考角度:

從根源上去解決問(wèn)題(tackle the root of problems)。比如加強(qiáng)本國(guó)語(yǔ)言和愛(ài)國(guó)教育(give more importance to native language and patriotic education),提高民族自豪感(raise the sense of pride)。

從制度上去避免問(wèn)題(formulate and adopt policies to avoid problems)比如加強(qiáng)文化和媒體審查制度(strengthen censorship of the foreign media),過(guò)濾非法暴力色情內(nèi)容(filter illegal violent and obscene contents)或帶有政治利益的信息(views with political interests)。

通過(guò)激勵(lì)措施去正確引導(dǎo)(incentive measures to lead to a disadvantageous position)。比如政府多鼓勵(lì)本國(guó)優(yōu)勢(shì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)(encourage the industrialization of indigenous cultures),繁榮該文化的發(fā)展(flourish the cultures)。

以上觀點(diǎn)請(qǐng)大家理解并理清其思路,并對(duì)詞條加以記憶,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),其觀點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)言可被廣泛運(yùn)用相關(guān)題型,嘗試思考以下的題目:

Do you think there is the necessity of creating a new global language? Give specific reasons and examples.

What are the reasons for losing a variety of languages and cultures?

At present many people think that one language should be used as the common language, but others think that by doing so the cultures of different nations will be lost.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.