聽(tīng)力原文

PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A TALK

???? As we all know, when machines work they give off a lot of noise, and the no ise can sometimes be very unpleasant, or annoying. As a result, people have been??trying to find ways to reduce noise. Although it may sound a bit strange to you all, one of the best ways to make machines quieter, in cars for example, may be??to make them noisier. The source of this paradox is electronic anti-noise which creates sound waves to cancel out unwanted noise, such as rattles, blare, etc.

????Now although the idea dates back to the 1930s, it’s only recently that advances in computer technology have made anti-noise a commercial possibility. Take Franc e for example. Here industry spends a fortune to get rid of noise. We all know h ow unpleasant it is. Both people working in factories and ordinary people at hom e enjoying their leisure can be affected by noise. Delicate machines are affecte d by noise as well. The government has passed a lot of regulations concerning ac ceptable levels of noise. 

??????Noise is costly to industry. In the first place, just following a single r egulation can cost 1 to 2 billion US dollars in the textile industry, they say.

????? Then secondly, of course, vibration can cause damage to machinery. Even very sma ll vibrations can cause parts to wear out and equipment to fail. And naturally e nough, this gets added on to the price of the products. About $ to 15% of the price of a product comes from noise and vibration costs, it’s estimated.

??????At present, methods used to dampen down noise and vibrations rely on tech niques that are 30 or 40 years old. These usually involve wrapping the noisy or vibrating component in anything from cotton to concrete. But this is often expen sive and inefficient.

???? The modern electronic anti-noise devices don’t reduce sound. Instead, sound??is used to attack sound. The trick is to hit these sound waves with other waves??in a carefully controlled way. It may not be possible to eliminate noise comple tely, but engineers can build systems to eliminate specific kinds of noise and v ibration. The new systems can deal with repetitive noise. This unfortunately means that there is not much that can be done about one-off noise, like someone try ing to learn to play a trumpet. But they can handle fairly regular things like e ngine noise.

???? A French company has developed a technique which uses a microphone and a mi croprocessor. The processor measures the sound and directs a speaker to broadcas t sound waves that are out of phase with the engine noise. The company claimed t hat it will make a car engine quieter, if not completely 100% silent. There are a number of other areas of application in the noisy, industrial environment of today. One system which the company is developing, aims to minimize the noise of aircraft engines and helicopter vibrations. Now anti-noise systems would be able??to reduce noise in the cabin of an airplane to mere acceptable levels. 

???? Another area which affects ordinary households nowadays concerns the noise which electricity and gas suppliers create. The electricity companies spend a lo t of money each year, cutting the harm of transformers, trying to quiet the nois e and maintaining equipment that is constantly affected by vibration. If they can get rid of or even stop the vibrations, manufacturers can increase
production speeds. But, of course, people working in noisy workplaces are perhaps??mere affected than anything by the effects of noise. Anti-noise can also create??“zones of quiet” in noisy workplaces. To create such a zone, you do two things.

????First, microphones are suspended around the workplace. Then speakers that produ ce out-of-phase sound waves can then be put close to the worker under the desk o r the machine. A company working in this area has tested this system and says th at it cuts noise levels enough for somebody inside the zone to hear a conversati on from another part of the work place. Yet, this is only one-way; shouts from t he quiet zone could not be heard over the factory noise by those outside it, bec ause the rest of the workplace remains noisy. This is one of the anti-noise meas ures experimented with today. If this proves to be feasible in many workplaces, I’m sure it can contribute to the reduction of noise in factory workshops in th e future.

SECTION B INTERVIEW

W: First of all, when do people start work in American offices?

M:??Right, well, the official work day starts at 9:00 am. This really mea ns 9 o’clock-not ten past or half past nine.

W: Would you say that people work very hard in offices in America?

M:??Well, I don’t know about employees in your country. But some nations have a philosophy that you work when the “boss” is around. And any time he’s not th ere, one can relax by reading the newspaper or whatever one likes doing in a per sonel way.

W: And things are different in the States, you’re saying?

M:??Well, in America one is being paid for one’s time. So employees are expecte d to find other work if their own desks are clear, or to help someone else with

his or her work. But you never sit idle doing nothing.

W: Yes, as the saying goes: “Time is money.”

M:??Exactly. Your employer“ owns” your time while he is paying you for it. Tha t is precisely what “Time is money” means. And anyway the boss doesn’t ask mo re of you than he is doing himself: he ...he will probably work through the lun ch hou r himself and even take work home at night.

W: Talking about lunch hours. What about them? Do you have to take them seriousl y?

M:??Oh, yes, sure, of course. An employee’s lunch hour should he taken within t h e period allowed, unless you are officially discussing company business-say ... en ... on a business lunch. It’s the same too with the end of the day. I mean, e n, work until the day officially ends at five o’clock, unless you are in an off ice where “flextime” is the accepted practice.

W: Oh, so you have the flextime system, do you? I wasn’t sure about that.

M: Oh yes, sure. Flexible working hours, that is, en ... starting or ending work earlier or later I ... I know it’s still relatively new. However, there are mo r e and more Americans on the system today. Well, for the same reasons as in Europ e-to keep traffic and commuting problems down. And as more women now work it giv es more family time.

W: Er ... could you say something about contracts or hiring in America, please?

M:??Well, it’s different in America from, say, European countries like Germany o r France, perhaps Japan, too, I’m not sure. I know that in some countries peopl e relax once they have got a job, because they know that they will almost ne ver be fired-unless they do something wrong.

W: You mean that your employer can just fire you in America?

M:??No, no, no. There are, of course, legal protections in the US. So employees cannot be unjustly fired without good reasons. Workers must do a good job, produ ce well, and get along with their colleagues-or they can be “l(fā)et go”, as it is called.

W: From one day to the next, you mean?

M:??Well, it’s rarely done without warning, but it is important to remember tha t in the US you are a member of a business firm and not a family. It makes a diff erence.

W: I wonder, is the physical or external appearances of office life different fr om European offices?

M:??Well, I have heard people comment on the informality found in American offic es. And this is certainly a little difficult for people who are more used to a h ierarchical system, of course. But there are some very formal offices, too, say, in... in big banks, law firms and major corporations. But in many establishment s with fewer employees the atmosphere is loose and easy with a lot of joking, and teasing, and wandering in and out of offices among all levels of employees.

W: Well, that sounds quite interesting. I think that’s all I want to know reall y. Thank you very much.

M: My pleasure.

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

News Item 1(For Question 11)

??????President Clinton begins a 3-day campaign-styled trip to the western US la

ter today to highlight his domestic agenda.

??????White House spokesman says crime, the most important issue for Americans t his election year according to public opinion polls, will be a key theme of Pres ident Clinton’s trips to California, Nevada and New Mexico. Mr. Clinton’s pres um ptive Republican challenger, retiring Senator Bob Dole, has repeatedly disapprov ed of Mr. Clinton’s record on fighting crime. The president is expected to argu e that his policies have helped make American communities safer places. Mr. Clint on will also attend a number of political fund-raising events during his visits to California and Nevada.

News Item 2(For Questions 12-13)

??????Reports say Japan and the US have reached an agreement on their dispute ov er air-cargo transport rights in Asia.

??????The agreement will mean that Washington and Tokyo will renegotiate a 1952 Aviation Treaty which allowed American airlines to fly on from Tokyo to other pl aces in Asia but didn’t allow Japanese airlines the same rights to fly on from America to other destinations. Tokyo has always said that the treaty was unfair and Japan has always wanted it changed.?

?????According to the agreement, Japan will allow the American airline carrier Federal Express to fly on through Tokyo to 7 other destinations in Asia. Now Japan has always said it was happy to allow that, if the treaty was renegotiated. It does seem very clear that Japan has come out of this one on top.

??????This is certainly not the first dispute and it certainly won’t be the last dispute, either. There are several outstanding areas of friction between Japan and the US. At the moment, they are negotiating about photographic film and photographic paper. It could take a year to resolve. But even where the two countries do reach agreement there is still room for argument. They reached this famous car agreement about a month ago. They are already bickering about it.

News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)

??????Scientists say they can tell what air and sea conditions were like hundreds of thousands of years ago. They say pieces of ice taken from Greenland provide such information.?
???? Scientists took the ice from more than one-and-a-half mile deep in huge masses of ice that float on the sea. That is the deepest scientists ever have drilled for ice. The ice represents 25,000 years of history. It provides one of the clearest records of ancient weather. European and American scientific teams have been studying ice from the same area to confirm each other s findings. The scientists examine the ice that was formed each year. They measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the ice. These measurements tell about the year’s temperature.
???? From these measurements, the scientific teams say that the past 10,000 years is the only period during which the weather has not changed very much. Before that time, they believe very large, sudden changes in the weather were common. The ice appears to show that at some periods, earth’s weather changed from very hot to very cold in only ten years.

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING

It is common nowadays for companies and industries to sponsor big sports events. For example, many companies sponsored the 8th National Games held in Shanghai in 1997. Then, what exactly do companies and industries get out of sponsoring big sports events, such as international games? And why need they do so??
?? ?There is an obvious answer and a not so obvious one. The obvious answer is that they get known worldwide, particularly if they are the principal sponsor of an event. This is especially important when you consider the number of countries around the world that might show the event on TV. The not so obvious answer is that sponsorship can help firms to save money.
???? Then how can they save money in this way? Companies can claim expenditures on sponsorship or “support to sport and the arts” against the amount of tax that they owe. So, if they are going to have to pay tax anyway, why not spend the money on promoting their name or product?
???? However, sponsorship is surely a very expensive business. So, how does one decide which events or activities to support? Companies spend a lot of time making sure that they have a perfect match between the products to be represented and the activity that needs sponsorship. Basically, companies have to make sure that the image is right and that the product gets maximum coverage through the event. I mean, you wouldn’t expect a company whose product has a young international image to sponsor a sport that has a following among older people. There are all sorts of reasons behind sponsorship. That’s what the game’s about for those who are trying to sell it.
???? There are some important points to consider before agreeing to sponsor an event. First and foremost, I suppose, is the popularity of the event in go-between,I mean. Events like the World Cup and the Olympics have businesses queuing up to offer sponsorship. There are the big media event: hours and hours of TV and satellite coverage guaranteed all over the world, as well as press coverage and the possibility of photographs that in some way advertise your product. Most events aren’t quite like that though. I suppose you’ve got the national games every four years in China. But most events appeal to only a limited proportion of the potential audience-tennis, for example. Most of the audience there is young, so products for the young are the ones that you would associate with the event recently.?? Then how do you match up the product with the event? The most important thing with the smaller event is to identify the audience it’s going to appeal to in this instance, tennis and young people. That should attract drinks manufactures, sports fashion designers, cosmetics producers, and so on. Then you look at the potential coverage in the media. It’s the sort of event that might attract Coca-Cola or Pepsi maybe even McDonalds.?
????? ?In sponsoring sports events, it is not just the media coverage that matters. The important question is whether the people who’ve either been to the event or read about it in the press will be more likely to buy your product as a result. A lot of the advantages of investment in sponsorship are longer-term. People who have possibly read about or watched an event on TV may not even be able to tell you who was sponsoring the event, yet will react favorably if asked to comment on products marketed by the sponsoring company. They have been conditioned in some way. Conditioning the mind is what advertising is about. Believe it or not , straight advertising is a far more expensive way of promoting your image than sponsorship, and what’s more, sponsorship is mostly tax-free.
?????? To sum up, today we have talked about sponsorship of sports events by companies: the reasons behind and a few related points. I hope this will help you gain some insight into the issue.


PAPER ONE

PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A TALK

??

1.答案：C

【問(wèn)句譯文】使機(jī)器噪音小一些的技術(shù)如何？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)區(qū)分題。

【詳細(xì)解答】談話的第五句說(shuō)“Now although the idea dates back to the 1930s, it’s on

ly recently that advances in computer technology have made anti-noise a commerci

al possibility.”由此可知，這種方法可追溯到二十世紀(jì)30年代，但只是近來(lái)才被應(yīng)用于

商業(yè)。因此答案選C。

2.答案：D

【問(wèn)句譯文】現(xiàn)代電子抗噪音設(shè)備如何？

【試題分析】本題為推理概括題。

【詳細(xì)解答】由關(guān)鍵句“The modern electronic anti-noise devices don’t reduce sound.

Instead, sound is used to attack sound.”可知，現(xiàn)代電子抗噪音設(shè)備是以噪音抗噪音

的全新原理而設(shè)計(jì)的，故答案選D。

3.答案：A

【問(wèn)句譯文】下列哪一項(xiàng)不是法國(guó)公司的抗噪音技術(shù)的應(yīng)用？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題，可用排除法解答。

【詳細(xì)解答】談話中專門介紹說(shuō)，法國(guó)公司把這一技術(shù)應(yīng)用于工廠、汽車、飛機(jī)，而未提到“

街道”，故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

4.答案：B

【問(wèn)句譯文】根據(jù)該談話錄音，在安靜區(qū)的工人們能怎樣？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。

【詳細(xì)解答】在談到安靜區(qū)（zones of quiet）時(shí)，錄音中說(shuō)“… it cuts noise levels en

ough for somebody inside the zone to hear a conversation from another part of th

e work place. Yet, this is only one-way; shouts from the quiet zone could not be

heard over the factory noise by those outside it, because the rest of the workp

lace remains noisy.”由此可知，“安靜區(qū)”的工人可以聽(tīng)到外邊區(qū)域的談話，而外面卻

聽(tīng)不到里面的談話，故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

5.答案：A

【問(wèn)句譯文】這段談話的主題是什么？

【試題分析】本題為主旨題。

【詳細(xì)解答】聽(tīng)完全文可知，選項(xiàng)B、C、D都只是錄音的某一部分內(nèi)容，只有選項(xiàng)A能全面地概括全文大意，故為正確答案。



SECTION B INTERVIEW

6.答案：C

【問(wèn)句譯文】美國(guó)雇員是按時(shí)間付薪金的，那么這就意味著他們?cè)撛鯓幽?？?

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。

【詳細(xì)解答】在談到美國(guó)雇員是按時(shí)間付薪金時(shí)，被采訪者說(shuō)道“So employees are expecte

d to find other work if their own desks are clear, or to help someone else with

his or her work.”由此可知，雇員如果干完了自己的活，就應(yīng)該去幫助別的人，積極主動(dòng)

地去找活干。故答案選C。

7.答案：B

【問(wèn)句譯文】靈活的工作時(shí)間的一個(gè)益處是什么？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

【詳細(xì)解答】由關(guān)鍵句“And as more women now work it gives more family time.”可知

，靈活的工作時(shí)間使得婦女有更多時(shí)間呆在家里，故答案選B。

8.答案：D

【問(wèn)句譯文】關(guān)于美國(guó)的工作合同問(wèn)題，下列哪一項(xiàng)是不正確的？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。

【詳細(xì)解答】當(dāng)采訪者問(wèn)到顧主是否可以無(wú)故解雇他時(shí)，被采訪者說(shuō)“There are, of course

, legal protections in the US. So employees cannot be unjustly fired without goo

d reasons.”由此可否定美國(guó)的勞動(dòng)合同多數(shù)是短期的說(shuō)法，故答案選D。

9.答案：A

【問(wèn)句譯文】從該采訪中可推斷出不拘禮節(jié)的工作氣氛可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在哪類公司？

【試題分析】本題為推理題。

【詳細(xì)解答】在采訪臨近尾聲時(shí)，男士說(shuō)“But in many establishments with fewer employ

ees the atmosphere is loose and easy with a lot of joking, and teasing, and wand

ering in and out of offices among all levels of employees.”由此可知，在那些雇員

少的公司，也就是小公司會(huì)有不拘禮節(jié)的工作氣氛，故答案選A。

10.答案：D

【問(wèn)句譯文】這次采訪主要是關(guān)于美國(guó)在哪一方面的情況？

【試題分析】本題為主旨題。

【詳細(xì)解答】從這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)來(lái)分析，office hierarchies，office conditions和office role

s???????????????????????? 只是office life的各個(gè)方面。只有用office life才能較全面

地概括這次采訪的內(nèi)容。故答案選D。




SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

News Item 1

11.答案：A

【問(wèn)句譯文】參議員多爾對(duì)克林頓的反犯罪政策持什么態(tài)度？

【試題分析】本題為推理題。

【詳細(xì)解答】由關(guān)鍵句“…retiring Senator Bob Dole, has repeatedly disapproved of M

r. Clinton’s record on fighting crime.”由此可知，多爾是不贊成克林頓的反犯罪政策

的，故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。



News Item 2

12.答案：A

【問(wèn)句譯文】日本和美國(guó)正在做什么？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

【詳細(xì)解答】新聞中講到“At the moment, they are negotiating about photographic fil

m and photographic paper.”由此可知，他們正在就照相用的膠卷和紙進(jìn)行談判，故答案

選A。

13.答案：B

【問(wèn)句譯文】新聞似乎在暗示兩國(guó)間的協(xié)議怎樣？

【試題分析】本題為推理題。

【詳細(xì)解答】新聞臨近結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)“This is certainly not the first dispute and it certa

inly won’t be the last dispute, either.”這里是說(shuō)這不是美、日兩國(guó)之間的第一次矛

盾沖突，這次的協(xié)議不能作為一個(gè)永久性的協(xié)議。由此可知，該協(xié)議不可能永久性地解決爭(zhēng)

端，故答案選B。

?? 

News Item 3

14.答案：B

【問(wèn)句譯文】根據(jù)該新聞，這塊來(lái)自格陵蘭冰塊可以提供哪一方面的信息？

【試題分析】本題為主旨題。

【詳細(xì)解答】在談到該冰塊時(shí)，科學(xué)家們說(shuō)“It provides one of the clearest records of

ancient weather.”由此可知，從該冰塊可以了解古時(shí)候的天氣狀況。

15.答案：D

【問(wèn)句譯文】下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述是正確的？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

【詳細(xì)解答】新聞臨近結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)“…the scientific teams say that the past 10,000 year

s is the only period during which the weather has not changed very much.”由此可

知，那段時(shí)期的氣候變化不是很大，故選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。



SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING

1.答案：known 

【詳細(xì)解答】在談到公司贊助體育時(shí)，第一個(gè)理由是“The obvious answer is that they ge

t known worldwide,…”故此空應(yīng)填“known”。

2.答案：save 

【詳細(xì)解答】公司贊助體育的第二個(gè)理由是“The not so obvious answer is that sponsors

hip can help firms to save money.”即幫助公司省錢（save money）。

3.答案：expensive／costly??

【詳細(xì)解答】由錄音中的句子“However, sponsorship is surely a very expensive busine

ss.”可知，贊助體育活動(dòng)的代價(jià)是非常昂貴的，故此處應(yīng)填寫expensive或costly。

4.答案：match????

【詳細(xì)解答】由錄音“Companies spend a lot of time making sure that they have a per

fect match between the products to be represented and the activity that needs sp

onsorship.”可知，公司的產(chǎn)品必須與運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目相吻合（match）。

5.答案：image

【詳細(xì)解答】只要聽(tīng)清了關(guān)鍵句“Basically, companies have to make sure that the imag

e is right and that the product gets maximum coverage through the event.”就可知

道，此處應(yīng)填寫image。

6.答案：media????

【詳細(xì)解答】有錄音“There are the big media events: hours and hours of TV and…”可

知，這里指的是大的媒體活動(dòng)。

7.答案： cosmetics / drinks

【詳細(xì)解答】在談到觀眾的潛在購(gòu)買力時(shí)，錄音中舉例說(shuō)“That should attract drinks man

ufactures, sports fashion designers, cosmetics producers, and so on.”由于受prod

ucts一詞的限制，此處可填寫cosmetics或drinks。

8.答案：favorably????

【詳細(xì)解答】由錄音“…yet will react favorably if asked to comment on products mar

keted by the sponsoring company.”可知，此處應(yīng)填寫favorably。

9.答案：conditioning????

【詳細(xì)解答】由錄音“Conditioning the mind is what advertising is about.”可直接填


寫conditioning。

10.答案：expensive

【詳細(xì)解答】錄音臨近結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)“…straight advertising is a far more expensive way o

f promoting your image than sponsorship,…”由此可知，公司贊助體育比直接做廣告要

省錢（less expensive）。

改錯(cuò)
??1.答案：as→like
【詳細(xì)解答】as our prehistoric human ancestors意為“作為人類史前的祖先那樣”，但是 根據(jù)上下文，此處應(yīng)表達(dá)的意思是“像人類史前的祖先那樣”，故應(yīng)該將as改為介詞like。
??2.答案：supplementing→supplemented 
【詳細(xì)解答】本句中的分詞短語(yǔ)supplementing with animal foods 是定語(yǔ)，修飾 vegetable diet，根據(jù)上下文，此處是指“素食被肉食補(bǔ)充”，故應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。
??3.答案：and→or 
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文，這里的意思只能是三分之二或多于三分之二，所以不能用表示并列 關(guān)系的and，而應(yīng)該用表示選擇關(guān)系的or。
??4.答案：in→on 
【詳細(xì)解答】on average為固定搭配，意為“平均”。
??5.答案：as→whereas/while 
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文意思，這兩句話表示的是一種對(duì)比關(guān)系。故應(yīng)該改用連詞whereas或w hile，引出相反或不同的事實(shí)。
??6.答案：for 
【詳細(xì)解答】provide是及物動(dòng)詞，可以直接連賓語(yǔ)，不需要任何介詞。
??7.答案：of
【詳細(xì)解答】despite是一介詞，其后可直接接名詞。
??8.答案：half∧→that 
【詳細(xì)解答】在這里加上that，用來(lái)指代前面的blood cholesterol levels，句子結(jié)構(gòu)才完整。
??9.答案：if→though 
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文，這里的主從句關(guān)系不是條件，而是讓步關(guān)系，即“盡管沒(méi)有人建議 我們回到土著人的生活方式，…”。
??10.答案：for ∧→a 
【詳細(xì)解答】本句中的a healthier diet表示一種更加健康的飲食。冠詞a泛指“一種或一類”。

閱讀 A
SECTION A 

TEXT A 

短文大意：本文介紹的是藝術(shù)月刊FMR打算在美國(guó)出版的原因以及該雜志的特點(diǎn)。
16.答案：A
【參考譯文】Ricci為何計(jì)劃在美國(guó)版的FMR上登載更多美國(guó)藝術(shù)品？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第二段倒數(shù)第二句說(shuō)“The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over ‘a(chǎn)n inferiority complex about their art’.”由此可知，登載更多美國(guó)藝術(shù)品是為了幫助美國(guó)人樹(shù)立自信心，因 為他們對(duì)其沒(méi)有太長(zhǎng)歷史的文化藝術(shù)而感到自卑。故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

17.答案：B
【參考譯文】本文將Ricci和哥倫布相比的主要原因是什么？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】眾所周知，哥倫布是一位探險(xiǎn)家，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸，而Ricci是想要開(kāi)拓美國(guó) 的藝術(shù)雜志市場(chǎng)，是一位商業(yè)探索者。因此他們同是探索者，故答案選B。

18.答案：D
【參考譯文】我們對(duì)美國(guó)雜志FMR的印象如何？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文倒數(shù)第二段說(shuō)“In addition, he seems to be pursuing his won eclecti c vision without giving a moment’s thought to such established competitors as Co nnosisseur and Horizon.”即該雜志的編輯方式不同于其他藝術(shù)雜志，故選項(xiàng)D“追求自己 獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格”為正確答案。

TEXT B 

短文大意：本文主要介紹了Geoff舅舅對(duì)于英國(guó)發(fā)展史的看法。

19.答案：B
【參考譯文】根據(jù)Geoff舅舅的觀點(diǎn)，只有怎樣做才能恢復(fù)國(guó)力？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】 Geoff舅舅在寫給報(bào)社的信中提到“The only way to regain our punch, our character, our lost virtues, and with them the freedom natural to islanders, is to compost our land so as to allow moulds, bacteria and earthworms to remake liv ing soil to nourish Englishmen’s bodies and spirits.”由此可知，Geoff舅舅認(rèn)為英 國(guó)的興衰與使用天然肥料是成正比的，故選項(xiàng)B“使用天然肥料”為正確答案。

20.答案：A
【參考譯文】本文作者很可能是什么語(yǔ)氣？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】通讀全文可知，作者在描述Geoff舅舅時(shí)用的語(yǔ)言幽默風(fēng)趣，充滿了詼諧、嘲弄 的語(yǔ)氣。故選項(xiàng)A“滑稽可笑的”為正確答案。

TEXT C??

短文大意：本文主要介紹的是面試者如何做好面試的準(zhǔn)備工作。

21.答案：C
【參考譯文】Brenda Stevens女士建議求職者在求職前應(yīng)該怎樣？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段第二句說(shuō)“Brenda Stevens speaks of the value of getting stud ents‘to deconstruct the advertisement, see what they can offer to that school, and that situation, and then write the letter, do their CVs and criticize each o ther’s.’”由此可知，面試訓(xùn)練班的目的是讓學(xué)生對(duì)所處場(chǎng)面的了解，故Brenda Stevens 女士建議求職者在求職前應(yīng)該是C“徹底了解所處的場(chǎng)面”。

22.答案：A
【參考譯文】承認(rèn)自己工作中的一些弱點(diǎn)是否明智？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第十段第三句說(shuō)“The experts agree you should recognize your weaknes ses and offer a strategy for overcoming them.”這里以專家的觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)明應(yīng)聘者應(yīng)該正 視自己的弱點(diǎn)，并且要有克服它們的策略。故答案選A。

23.答案：B
【參考譯文】對(duì)于面試者提出的古怪問(wèn)題，應(yīng)聘者最好的應(yīng)對(duì)方法是什么？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第十一段談到如果面試者提出愚蠢問(wèn)題時(shí)，應(yīng)聘者應(yīng)該“Do not be thrown , have ways of circumnavigating it, and never, ever let them see that you think they have said something foolish.” 即應(yīng)試者應(yīng)從側(cè)面巧妙地避開(kāi)問(wèn)題，并且千萬(wàn)不要 讓面試者看出你認(rèn)為他們問(wèn)了愚蠢的問(wèn)題。故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

24.答案：C
【參考譯文】校長(zhǎng)所提的建議如何？
【試題分析】本題為歸納總結(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文中共列出了校長(zhǎng)提出的九點(diǎn)建議，均是關(guān)于具體處理問(wèn)題的辦法，故選項(xiàng)C “實(shí)用的”為最佳答案。

TEXT D??

短文大意：本文主要對(duì)新加坡的“贍養(yǎng)父母議案”的討論。
25.答案：D
【參考譯文】“贍養(yǎng)父母議案”如何？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文首句說(shuō)“This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal t eeth to the moral obligation to support one’s parents.”由此可知，選項(xiàng)D“該議案 的通過(guò)是為了讓年輕人對(duì)老年人更盡義務(wù)”為正確答案。

26.答案：A
【參考譯文】作者引用老年人比例不斷上升，似乎是在暗示什么？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文通過(guò)具體數(shù)字告訴我們，在新加坡確實(shí)存在老齡人口比例增大的問(wèn)題，這所 帶來(lái)的影響是：“It is that the ratio of economically active people to economical ly inactive people will decline.”即國(guó)家將面臨嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案 。

27.答案：B
【參考譯文】下列哪一種說(shuō)法是正確的？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第七段第二句說(shuō)“A father can be compelled by law to maintain his c hildren.”這與B的說(shuō)法一致，故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

28.答案：C
【參考譯文】作者似乎在暗示傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀怎樣？
【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第九段首句說(shuō)“The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to enc ourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies.”這里是說(shuō)亞洲國(guó)家的傳統(tǒng) 美德使得他們有別于那些富有的國(guó)家，這表明傳統(tǒng)美德在保持亞洲國(guó)家的特色方面起著重要 作用，故答案選C。

29.答案：A
【參考譯文】作者認(rèn)為如果這項(xiàng)議案成為法律的話，它將會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣的效果？
【試題分析】本題為推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文第十段最后一句說(shuō)“If it does indeed become law, the bill’s effect would be far more subtle.” 在接下來(lái)的幾段里，作者講到贍養(yǎng)父母是個(gè)人的責(zé)任，并非 社會(huì)的責(zé)任。而有些人礙于情面，不得不重新考慮贍養(yǎng)父母的問(wèn)題。因此該議案起到了間接 的作用。故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

30.答案：D
【參考譯文】在文章的結(jié)尾部分，作者似乎在暗示該議案的成功有賴于什么？
【試題分析】本題為總結(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章的最后一句說(shuō)“Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ou rselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the first place.” 這句話表明該議案是否成功要看它能否激勵(lì)人們維護(hù)傳統(tǒng)道德觀念，而不 是首先考慮對(duì)簿公堂，故選項(xiàng)D“孝順意識(shí)”為正確答案。


閱讀 B

TEXT E??

短文大意：這是一封回信，主要是對(duì)世界銀行工作中存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行辯解。

31.答案：D

【參考譯文】寫這封信的目的是什么？

【試題分析】本題為主旨題。

【詳細(xì)解答】信的第二句說(shuō)“But that statement fails to take account of the Bank’s c riteria for ‘success’, which are exceptionally strict.”指出了寫信人沒(méi)有考慮到銀 行的成功標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，接著列舉一些具體數(shù)字來(lái)闡述這一觀點(diǎn)。在第二段展開(kāi)了更加深入的論述。 因此，該信的目的是為了澄清對(duì)世界銀行的誤解。故答案選D。

TEXT F??

短文大意：本文主要論述的是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的農(nóng)業(yè)援助的危害性。

32.答案：C

【參考譯文】作者的主要論點(diǎn)是什么？

【試題分析】本題為主旨題。

【詳細(xì)解答】短文第一段倒數(shù)第二句說(shuō)“In this sense, aid received in the form of agr icultural commodities hurts the developing countries and benefits developed coun tries mere than proportionately.”由此可知，接受發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以農(nóng)產(chǎn)品形式的援助，危害 的是發(fā)展中國(guó)家的利益，受益的是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。接著在第二段以中國(guó)為例，證明了該論點(diǎn)，故 選項(xiàng)C“農(nóng)產(chǎn)品形式的援助不利于發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)”為正確答案。

TEXT G 

短文大意：本文旨在說(shuō)明寫作“牛仔工作文化”一書的目的。

33.答案：B

【參考譯文】這篇文章最有可能源自何處？

【試題分析】本題為推理題。

【詳細(xì)解答】本文分別闡述了寫作該書的三個(gè)目的，用的是第一人稱。由此可知這是對(duì)自己所 寫的“牛仔工作文化”一書的評(píng)論。故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

TEXT H??

短文大意：這是一封回信，東方航空公司總裁在信中駁斥了某報(bào)社對(duì)該公司的評(píng)論。

34.答案：A

【參考譯文】寫信者對(duì)報(bào)社的評(píng)論持什么態(tài)度？

【試題分析】本題為推理題。

【詳細(xì)解答】信的開(kāi)頭便說(shuō)“In your editorial on August 31st, there seems to be some confused thinking in …”表明作者不同意報(bào)社的評(píng)論，接著作者對(duì)報(bào)社的觀點(diǎn)一一進(jìn)行 了反駁。故選項(xiàng)A“反駁”為正確答案。

TEXT I??

短文大意：本文主要介紹的是美國(guó)科學(xué)家計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域的最新進(jìn)展情況。

35.答案：D

【參考譯文】目前的計(jì)算機(jī)比1952年的ILLIAC型計(jì)算機(jī)的運(yùn)算速度快多少？

【試題分析】本題為推理題。

【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段第二句說(shuō)“Its processing speed was about 50 kilohertz compar ed with 200 megahertz-that’s 200,000 kilohertz for today’s computers.”由此句可 知，當(dāng)時(shí)的速度為50千赫茲，現(xiàn)在的是200，000千赫茲，那么現(xiàn)在的速度是當(dāng)時(shí)的4，000倍 。故答案選D。

36.答案：B

【參考譯文】NCSA（全國(guó)超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用中心）的發(fā)展目標(biāo)是什么？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。

【詳細(xì)解答】在短文的第八段，NCSA公司的董事長(zhǎng)Larry Smart說(shuō)“What we’re looking for is a national system in which the networks are 100 times greater than the Intern et today, and the supercomputers are 100 times more powerful”即我們所期望的是一 種全國(guó)性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，其運(yùn)作速度比目前的因特網(wǎng)要快100倍，故選項(xiàng)B“一個(gè)更加強(qiáng)大的全 國(guó)系統(tǒng)”為正確答案。

TEXT J??

短文大意：本文通過(guò)介紹日語(yǔ)中兩個(gè)詞的起源，說(shuō)明了日本百貨商店受到本國(guó)文化和外國(guó)文 化的雙重影響。

37.答案：B

【參考譯文】depato在日本指的是什么？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。

【詳細(xì)解答】短文第一段說(shuō)“The Japanese have two words for the modern department sto res that abound in large urban areas. The older word, hyakkaten, which is seldom??used in daily speech, …The more recent and more commonly used word is depato ( from the English ‘department store’ ).”由此可知，在日本有兩個(gè)詞用來(lái)表示大城市中 的百貨商店，hyakkaten是過(guò)去用的，最近常用的是depato，因此選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

38.答案：D

【參考譯文】在梅奇時(shí)代，日本顧客認(rèn)為depato是怎樣的購(gòu)物場(chǎng)所？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。

【詳細(xì)解答】短文第三段第三句說(shuō)“The Meiji depato were soon perceived by Japanese c ustomers as glamorous places to shop because of their Western imports, which the Japanese were eager to see and buy.”由此可知，當(dāng)時(shí)的日本顧客把depato看成是富有 魅力的場(chǎng)所，故選項(xiàng)D“有吸引力的”為正確答案。

TEXT K??

短文大意：本文主要介紹的是在開(kāi)羅召開(kāi)的第三屆國(guó)際人口與發(fā)展會(huì)議的一些情況。

39.答案：D

【參考譯文】國(guó)際發(fā)展署是一個(gè)什么樣的組織？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。

【詳細(xì)解答】短文第四段第二句說(shuō)“The National Statistics Office recently published the results of the 1993 National Demographic Survey(NDS), which happens to have been funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development.” 這句話告訴我們說(shuō) “NDS的基金是由美國(guó)的國(guó)際發(fā)展署提供的”，由此可知，國(guó)際發(fā)展署是一個(gè)美國(guó)的一個(gè)組 織，故答案選D。

40.答案：C

【參考譯文】根據(jù)全國(guó)人口普查的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，從1960年到1993年，菲律賓婦女生育小孩的平均 數(shù)量下降了多少？

【試題分析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題？

【詳細(xì)解答】短文倒數(shù)第二段第二句說(shuō)“The total fertility rote——the number of babi es the average woman bears over her lifetime——has dropped to 4.1 in 1993 from 6.4 in 1960.”由此可知，從1960年到1993年，菲律賓婦女生育小孩的減少率由6.4減少到4 1，其差為2.3，故選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

翻譯
part A
參考譯文：
The glory of Vancouver has been achieved through the wisdom and the industry of the Vancouver people, including the contributions of many ethnic groups. Canada, sparsely populated, has a territory larger??than that of China, but its population is only less than 30 million. Consequently, to attracting immigrants from other countries has become a national policy long practiced/followed/cherished by Canada. All Canadians except the American Indians, so to speak, are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada. Vancouver, in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are non-natives and one out of every four residents is from Asia. The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in the transformation of Vancouver's economy. Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver??over the past five years only, rendering Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese inhabit

Part B
參考譯文：
在某些社會(huì)中，人們希望擁有孩子是出于所謂的家庭原因：傳宗接代，光宗耀祖，討好祖輩，使那些涉及到家庭的宗教儀式得以正常進(jìn)行。此類原因在現(xiàn)代世俗化的社會(huì)中似顯蒼白，但它們?cè)谄渌胤皆欢葮?gòu)成并確實(shí)仍在構(gòu)成強(qiáng)有力的理由。
　　此外，有一類家庭原因與下列類別不無(wú)共通之處，這便是：生兒育女是為了維系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于無(wú)所事事；修復(fù)或重振婚姻；多子多孫，以為家庭幸福惟有此法。這一點(diǎn)更可以由其反 面得到昭示：在某些社會(huì)中，無(wú)法生兒育女（或無(wú)法生育男孩）對(duì)婚姻而言是一種威脅，還可作為離婚的現(xiàn)成借口。
　　后代對(duì)于家庭這一體制本身所具有的深遠(yuǎn)意義遠(yuǎn)非如此。對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，夫妻兩人尚不足以構(gòu)成一個(gè)真正意義上的家庭——夫妻需要孩子來(lái)豐富其兩人小天地，賦予該小天地以真正意義上的家庭性質(zhì)，并從子孫后代身上獲取某種回報(bào)。
　　孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。家庭作為一種社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)，以其特有的方式，至少?gòu)脑瓌t上說(shuō)，可在一個(gè)變幻莫測(cè)、常常是充滿敵意的世界中讓人從中獲取某種安全、慰藉、保障，以及價(jià)值取向。