Posting a photo of the food you’re about to eat on Instagram has become a daily ritual for many. Often this ‘food porn’ isn’t as appealing to those looking at it, but scientists are now claiming taking a photo of your food before you eat it makes it taste better.
在吃飯之前先拍照、上傳網(wǎng)絡(luò)共享的行為幾乎成了許多人的日常準(zhǔn)則。雖然看照片的人對(duì)拍下來(lái)的食物并不那么感興趣，但有科學(xué)家稱在飯前拍照能讓照相者更好地享用食物。

Researchers at University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management claim taking a photo puts you in the moment and in doing so, heightens your senses. The person taking the photo will, on some level, feel the difference creating an incentive to continue the practice.
明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)卡爾森管理學(xué)院研究者表示，拍照行為能將人帶入特定時(shí)刻，此時(shí)你的感覺(jué)靈敏度上升，在一定程度上會(huì)感到與平常不同的氛圍，從而有動(dòng)力繼續(xù)這一飯前拍照的習(xí)慣。

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Kathleen Vohs, the professor of Excellence in Marketing at the Carlson School, wondered about the power of rituals after noticing the funny routines that people often perform before eating and drinking.
在觀察到人們吃喝之前各種有趣的習(xí)慣后，凱爾森學(xué)院市場(chǎng)學(xué)優(yōu)秀教授凱瑟琳·沃斯想知道習(xí)慣的力量究竟有多神奇。

Vohs and colleagues conducted experiments to investigate whether these kinds of ritualistic behaviour influences taste.
沃斯和同事為探求固定習(xí)慣是否能影響食物口感而做了幾個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

In the first experiment, some participants were asked to eat a piece of chocolate following a detailed set of instructions: ‘Without unwrapping the chocolate bar, break it in half. Unwrap half of the bar and eat it. Then, unwrap the other half and eat it.’
在第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，一部分參與者要按照詳細(xì)的規(guī)定程序吃巧克力：“不要撕掉錫紙，直接把巧克力掰成兩半。然后再剝開(kāi)第一半的錫紙 吃掉巧克力。接著再剝另一半，吃掉巧克力?！?/div>

The other participants were simply instructed to relax for a short amount of time and then eat the chocolate bar however they wanted.
其他參與者只是被告知要放松休息，一小段時(shí)間后，他們可以按照自己的方式吃巧克力。

The results showed that those who had performed the ritual rated the chocolate more highly, savoured it more, and were willing to pay more for the chocolate than the other group.
實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，同一款巧克力，按照傳統(tǒng)程序食用的人比其他人的評(píng)價(jià)更高，也更能品出其中滋味，他們還愿意花更高的價(jià)錢購(gòu)買這種巧克力。

A second experiment reinforced these findings, showing that random movements don't produce a more enjoyable eating experience. The data also revealed that a longer delay between ritual and consumption bolstered these effects, even with a neutral food like carrots.
第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)同樣證明了上述結(jié)果：隨意的行為不能創(chuàng)造出更為愉悅的用餐經(jīng)歷。還有數(shù)據(jù)顯示，固定習(xí)慣行為和攝入食物之間的時(shí)間間隔越長(zhǎng)，感知到的味道就越好，哪怕就是像胡蘿卜一樣普通的食物也是如此。

While these rituals may seem small or mundane, the researchers note that the effects they produce are quite tangible. And while rituals are common before mealtimes, they could play a role in other situations, too.
研究者認(rèn)為，雖然這些固定習(xí)慣看上去平凡而微不足道，但卻能產(chǎn)生巨大的實(shí)際效果。既然用餐之前的小習(xí)慣很普遍，那它們?cè)谄渌闆r下也可有用武之地。