大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試涉及的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)多、涉及面寬，對(duì)不少考生來(lái)說(shuō)都是一個(gè)難題。希望通過(guò)本專題的學(xué)習(xí)，考生能對(duì)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法有更全面的掌握！

一 、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：

只有當(dāng)分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，我們才能用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)只用做狀語(yǔ)，多用于書面語(yǔ)言。常見(jiàn)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種：

(一) 名詞/代詞+分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）：

1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴隨情況)

2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴隨情況)

（二）名詞/代詞+形容詞：

1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴隨情況)

2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴隨情況)

（三）名詞/代詞+副詞：

1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明)

2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明)

（四）名詞/代詞+介詞（短語(yǔ)）

1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴隨情況)

2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴隨情況)

二、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的作用：

獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中只能做狀語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來(lái)：

（一）表示時(shí)間：

His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.

(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)

（二）表示原因：

The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.

(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )

（三）表示條件：

Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.

(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)

（四）表示伴隨情況或伴隨狀況：

They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.

（五）表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明：

He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.

(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)

三、獨(dú)立變格的變化

在帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的分詞及其短語(yǔ)前加”with”

1、——Why are they taking all the equipment away?

——The job_____, they are packing up to leave.

A. it to done??? B. did???? C. was did???? D. done

2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.

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