Principle 3:排除用語過于極端或負(fù)面的選項(xiàng)

四級閱讀文章來源多為學(xué)術(shù)性的報(bào)紙期刊,其語言的一大特征是客觀性和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性,因此鮮少出現(xiàn)極端或過于負(fù)面信息的表達(dá)。如果題目選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)明顯的極端選項(xiàng),可以直接排除。

例如上文提到的2011年12月Passage2 Q63中的A)、C)兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)也可以利用極端原則直接排除:A)選項(xiàng)Money is considered to be the root of all evils.(錢是萬惡之源),C)選項(xiàng)Few people can resist the temptation of money.(沒人能抵擋得住錢的誘惑),都是過于極端和負(fù)面的信息。

再如2012年6月四級考試Passage 1 Q61:What can be inferred from the last paragraph? 本文依然討論的是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退給家庭關(guān)系帶來的問題。

題目選項(xiàng)為: A) The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.

B) Few couple can stand the test of economic hardships.

C) A stable family is the best protection against poverty.

D) Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage.

精讀選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn),B) 幾乎沒有那個(gè)家庭可以經(jīng)歷經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的考驗(yàn),過于極端和負(fù)面,排除;D) 錢才是很多幸?;橐龅幕?,過于負(fù)面,與積極陽光的普世價(jià)值相左,排除;C) 穩(wěn)定的家庭是抵御貧困的最好的保護(hù),雖然該選項(xiàng)是正面信息,但是best一詞的判斷力度未免太過強(qiáng)烈。因此,初步分析,選項(xiàng)A) 似乎更加靠譜。而回歸原文驗(yàn)證后發(fā)現(xiàn),文章末段結(jié)尾句恰恰表達(dá)了選項(xiàng)A) 對應(yīng)的含義:So it's only when the economy is healthy again that we'll begin to see just how many broken families have been created. 只有當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇之后,我們才能夠看出到底有多少家庭破裂了。選項(xiàng)A) 意為"經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇將見證離婚率的上升"。二者為簡單的同義改寫。

Principle 4:注意結(jié)合文章主旨和主題做排除

在解答個(gè)別較困難的題目時(shí),除了應(yīng)用以上排除原則外,還可以結(jié)合全文主旨和主題來排除選項(xiàng)作答,有時(shí)可大大簡化做題的難度。

例如2011年6月四級考試Passage1 Q60:What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?

原文相關(guān)句:"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."

題目選項(xiàng): A) Students of different races are required to share room.

B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.

C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.

D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.

首先,C)選項(xiàng)without exception與原文相關(guān)句表述"with some exceptions"正好相反,排除。在剩余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中做判斷時(shí),可以參考全文主題。主題句通常在文章開頭:Several recent studies have found that being randomly (隨機(jī)地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also, to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict. 從開頭句可看出,全文討論的主題是"隨機(jī)給不同種族的同學(xué)安排宿舍"的問題。再結(jié)合原文相關(guān)句中the process throws you together randomly,對于"隨機(jī)"一詞的重復(fù)印證,可以做出排除,選擇答案D)。而其他兩選項(xiàng)也可通過主題相關(guān)原則做排除:A)選項(xiàng)的be required(被要求共用宿舍),原句未提及;B)選項(xiàng)arranged by the school(由學(xué)校安排),原文也未明確提出安排宿舍的主體。

以上四個(gè)層次的排除法原則,通過綜合考察和應(yīng)用,可以幫助同學(xué)們更加輕松地分析題目和選項(xiàng),并建立起更有邏輯性的分析過程,最終幫助同學(xué)們練就火眼金睛,識別出正確的答案。