雅思聽力:填空題解析
填空題是雅思聽力考試中出現(xiàn)比例最高的,又分為圖表填空、句子完成、摘要填空等。這篇文章重點(diǎn)講解圖表填空的各種題型特點(diǎn)及解題技巧。圖表填空分為個(gè)人信息表格、分類信息表格、流程圖及地圖題。特點(diǎn)是路標(biāo)詞匯明顯,但信息密集。
一、信息表格題
此類題多出現(xiàn)在聽力考試第一部分(Section 1),顧名思義,主要考察個(gè)人信息的填空,如姓名、地址、電話號(hào)碼、國(guó)籍等。題目不難,但考點(diǎn)細(xì)致,原文會(huì)出現(xiàn)較多干擾,要求考生掌握扎實(shí)的聽力基本功,能夠快速、準(zhǔn)確記錄信息。下面是此類題目中的常見考點(diǎn)。
1. 數(shù)字信息
純數(shù)字信息:
Telephone / fax/ mobile phone no. 電話、傳真號(hào)碼一般為7-8位數(shù)字,有時(shí)再加2-3位區(qū)號(hào)(area code),分機(jī)是“extension”;手機(jī)號(hào)碼一般為10-12位;
credit card /account no. 信用卡、賬戶號(hào)碼一般為16位數(shù)字;
Visa no. 簽證號(hào)碼一般為10-12位數(shù)字;
Date and day 日期與星期幾
小貼士
1. 注意數(shù)字的特殊讀法。如“零”可能讀作:nil,naught,zero等;兩個(gè)重復(fù)的數(shù)字讀作double,三個(gè)重復(fù)的數(shù)字讀作triple;
2. 日期中月份不能用數(shù)字表達(dá),必須拼寫,如October 22nd,但年月日俱全時(shí)可用數(shù)字,如15/01/1980,讀作:fifteenth of first,nineteen eighty;
3. 小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀法,如0.75讀作zero point seven five,或point seventy-five;2.2 讀作two dot two。
數(shù)字與字母組合
house no. 門牌號(hào)碼 (e.g. 20A, 注意發(fā)音與28的區(qū)別)
bus no. 公共汽車(e.g. 14A)
passport no. 護(hù)照號(hào)碼 (e.g. G25688963)
driver’s /driving no. 駕照號(hào)碼
licence plate no. 車牌號(hào)碼
membership no. 會(huì)員號(hào)碼
medical card no. 醫(yī)療證號(hào)碼
flight no. 航班號(hào)碼 (e.g. BA207)
postcode 郵政編碼(e.g. London N12, BS89PU)
小貼士
1. 和數(shù)字連一起的字母一定要大寫;
2. 注意區(qū)分容易聽混的字母,如M與N(通??糓居多),G與J等;
3. 一些易混淆字母會(huì)有解釋,應(yīng)了解常出現(xiàn)的代表字母的單詞,如B for Bravo,D for Delta,G for Golf,J for Juliet,M for Mike,N for November,T for Tango等。
2. 姓名
注意題目要求是填寫Surname(姓)還是Given name(名)。如填寫Name,則都必須寫。如:My name is Paul Smiley. It’s S-M-I-L-E-Y. 雖然原文只拼讀了surname,但答案中兩個(gè)都要寫。因?yàn)镻aul是一個(gè)很常見的名,要自己拼寫。
小貼士
1. ??嫉呐用篈nna, Alice, Cathy, Helen, Jane, Joan,Mary, Rose, Tracy;
2. 常考的男子名:Adam; Bill; David; George; Henry; Jim; Mark; Mike; Peter; Paul; Tom.
3. 國(guó)家或國(guó)籍
在聽力考試中,這是兩個(gè)不同的概念,Country: _____必須填寫國(guó)家名;Nationality: ___ 必須填寫國(guó)家的形容詞形式。
小貼士
??嫉膰?guó)家形容詞形式(按后綴歸類)
-ish British, Spanish, Polish, Swedish, Danish, Irish, Turkish
-an American, Canadian(注意發(fā)音),Australian, Malaysian, Russian,
German
-ese Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Burmese, Portuguese
-ic Icelandic, Arabic?
?4. 城市名
通??疾煊?guó)或澳大利亞的主要城市名,必須會(huì)拼寫;其他城市名原文會(huì)拼讀。
小貼士
??嫉某鞘?、地區(qū)名
UK /Britain
England 英格蘭 Scotland 蘇格蘭 Wales 威爾士
Northern Ireland 北愛爾蘭 London 倫敦
Edinburg 愛丁堡(蘇格蘭首府) Cardiff 加的夫(威爾士首府)
Belfast 貝爾法斯特(北愛爾蘭首府)
Liverpool 利物浦 Birmingham 伯明翰
Leeds 利茲 Manchester 曼徹斯特
Bath 巴思 Bristol 布里斯托爾
Cambridge 劍橋 Oxford 牛津
Australia
Queensland 昆士蘭州 New South Wales 新南威爾士
Canberra 堪培拉 Sydney 悉尼
Melbourne 墨爾本 Brisbane 布里斯班
Perth 珀斯 Adelaide 阿德雷德
Cairns 凱恩斯 Tasmania 塔斯馬尼亞
New Zealand
Wellington 惠靈頓 Auckland 奧克蘭
The United States of America
New York 紐約 Washington 華盛頓
Los Angeles 洛杉磯 Chicago
Canada
Ottawa 渥太華 Vancouver 溫哥華
Toronto 多倫多 Montreal 蒙特利爾
Quebec 魁北克 Victoria 維多利亞
British Columbia 不列顛哥倫比亞省
其他
Berlin 柏林 Athens 雅典
Rome 羅馬 Antarctica 南極洲
5. 地址
常見的考點(diǎn)是門牌號(hào),街道名稱,地區(qū),郵編。注意書寫順序從小到大。如:23C Rose Lane。
常考的街道名稱:
? 地點(diǎn)類名詞作街道名,如:Bank, Bridge, Church, Hill, Lake
? 方向作為街道:North, South, (注意與Street連讀時(shí)的省音現(xiàn)象),East, West
? 其他普通名詞或形容詞作街道名:Green, Black, Rose, Oak, New, Eagle, Wood, Gold, High, Long
? 復(fù)合名詞作街道名:
Riverside, Woodside, Downland, Upland, Eastwood,
小貼士
1. 門牌號(hào)注意區(qū)分“十幾”和“幾十”,注意字母與數(shù)字的組合,如20A,不要寫成28;
2. 不同的街道類型,Road(路), Street(街), Avenue(大街), boulevard (大道),Drive(車道), Lane(小路), Close(單行道), Square (廣場(chǎng))。
6. 度量單位
長(zhǎng)度、距離
foot 英尺 inch 英寸 yard 碼
mile 英里 kilometer 公里 block 街區(qū)
重量
Gram 克 kilogram 千克,公斤 ton 噸
Pound 磅 ounce 盎司 galon 加侖
面積
square meter 平方米 acre 英畝 hectare 公頃
容積
Liter/litre 升
溫度
Fahrenheit 華氏 Celsius/Centigrade 攝氏
貨幣
Pound 英鎊 dollar 美元/澳元
Cent 美分 penny 便士
?二、分類表格題
解題思路:
1. 快速掃描表格,先橫后縱。即先掃描最上面的一行,再掃描最左邊的一列。通常橫欄為大的信息,縱列為小的分類;
2. 根據(jù)并列原則,判斷所填寫的信息,如數(shù)字、國(guó)家名、或是其他與同列信息類似的名詞、形容詞。
小貼士
1. 答案的大小寫與表格已給信息保持一致;
2. 注意題號(hào)順序。雅思聽力考試一定是按照題目順序放音的。如果表格中提供Example(例子),不管例子在第幾欄出現(xiàn),聽力材料中一定會(huì)先提到例子指示的答案。
例題解析 (分類表格題)
Cambridge 6, Test 1, Section 1
Questions 1-4
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Notes on Sports Club |
---|
Example???????????????????????? Answer Name of club:??????? Kingswell ? Facilities available:???????????? Golf ??????????????????????????????????? 1______________ ??????????????????????????????????? 2______________ Classes available:?????? Kick-boxing ??????????????????????????????????? 3 ______________ Additional facility:???? 4 ______________ ??????????????????????????????????? (restaurant opening soon) |
Questions 5 -8
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO NUMBERS for each answer.
Membership Schemes |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type |
Use of facilities |
Cost of classes |
Times |
Joining fee |
Annual subscription fee |
Gold |
All |
Free |
Any time |
?250 |
5 ?______ |
Silver |
All |
6 ?______ |
From 7? _to __ |
?225 |
?300 |
Bronze |
Restricted |
?3 |
From 10.30 to 3.30 weekdays only |
?50 |
8 ?______ |
題目解析:
1-4題的實(shí)質(zhì)是分類信息表格題。通過左邊三列項(xiàng)目,我們得知分別要填寫設(shè)備名稱、課程及額外的設(shè)施。首先,考生要熱身有關(guān)健身設(shè)施和課程的詞匯。其次,注意第一個(gè)路標(biāo)詞Golf的出現(xiàn)。
1. 考生注意在這之前提到的tennis courts和football均為干擾。tennis court 出現(xiàn)在路標(biāo)詞Golf之前,不是答案;男生提到football之后,工作人員說“No, I’m sorry.” 從而排除了這個(gè)信息。工作人員最后說“We do have a keep-fit studio, which is …”,do have 表示強(qiáng)調(diào),在原文中也重讀。
2. 注意并列詞as well as,之后出現(xiàn)并列的第2題答案,swimming。
3. kick-boxing為路標(biāo)詞,之后提到的judo and stretch classes是打算增加的課程“We’re planning to add...”,因此不是答案。在yoga classes 之后有表示并列的副詞too,這往往是標(biāo)識(shí)答案的信號(hào)詞??忌⒁忸愃频娜鏰s well as,too,another等詞。
4. 男生提到restaurant后,考生就應(yīng)注意答案馬上會(huì)出現(xiàn),因?yàn)榈?題要求是facilities。接下來,at the moment,表示現(xiàn)有的設(shè)施,答案為salad bar。
5-8題是典型的分類信息表格題??忌鷳?yīng)快速瀏覽表格的第一行標(biāo)題及第二行的項(xiàng)目,找到題目順序,預(yù)測(cè)答案詞性。5題、6題與8題答案為價(jià)格數(shù)字,7題答案為時(shí)間。
5. 表格前一列中的數(shù)字250為路標(biāo)詞,但之后出現(xiàn)的信息£450馬上被否定,最后提到的£500為答案。注意joining fee是指入會(huì)費(fèi),而subscription fee是年費(fèi)。
6. 表格第三行題干中silver為路標(biāo)詞,接下來聽到except一詞,考生要牢記這個(gè)經(jīng)常之后出現(xiàn)答案的信號(hào)詞,它表示排除,也是在講話中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)信息的詞。
7. 通過題目分析得知空格中應(yīng)填寫兩個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),注意介詞between… and… 替換from… to… 。
8. 第7題與第8題之間有較長(zhǎng)的間隔,考生不要緊張,只要跟上表格中提到的信息,就不會(huì)聽丟答案。離8題最近的信息£50是路標(biāo)詞。在答案£180出現(xiàn)后又提到一個(gè)數(shù)字£15,是指平均每個(gè)月的費(fèi)用,考生應(yīng)熟悉題目要求annual指“年度”的,這樣就不會(huì)被干擾。
?
Key to Sample 2
1. (a) keep-fit studio
2. swimming
3. yoga
4. (a) salad bar
5. 500
6. 1
7. 10a.m.,4.30p.m.
8. 180
Tapescript of Sample 2
Woman: Good morning, oh sorry, it’s gone 12, I’ll start again, good afternoon, Kingswell Sports Club, how can I help you?
Man: Oh, good afternoon. I was wondering if you could give me some information about membership and faciliteis.
Woman: Of course. What would you like to know?
Man: Do you have tennis courts, for example?
Woman: No, I’m afraid we don’t. We’re primarily a golf club.
Man: What about football? I heard you had a team.
Woman: No, I’m sorry. Perhaps you’re thinking about Fresham Sports Centre.
Man: Oh, right. I know it. I’ve played badminton there.
Woman: Have you? They’ve got a lot of facilities we don’t have and vice versa. We do have a keep-fit studio (Q1), which is very popular with members, and then as well as that there’s swmming, (Q2) of course.
Man: Tha’ts good. I like to swim every day.
Woman: We have a range of classes too.
Man: Do you have judo classes? I’m keen to learn.
Woman: Well, at the moment we offer kick boxing. We’re planning to add judo and stretch classes soon. We’re currently running a range of yoga classes (Q3), too.
Man: What about relaxing after exercise? I assume you have a resaurant o something.
Woman: At the moment, we’e got a salad bar (Q4) which is very popular. We’ll also have a fully-licensed restaurant by the end of ye year.
Man: Sounds good!
Woman: What kind of memebership are you interested in?
Man: Um I’m not really sure. What are the options?
Woman: Well, there are three different membership schemes.
Man: I see. What’s the difference?
Woman: Well, the first one’s called Gold, and you can use all the facilities at any time of the day or week. You can also join in as many classes as you like for free.
Man: That sounds good. Is it very expensive?
Woman: Well, you pay a £250 joining fee and then its’ £450 -- oh no, I’m sorry, it’s just gone up by £50, sorry about that -- it’s now £500 (Q5) for the annual subscrption fee.
Man: Right, got that. And what’s the next type?
Woman: Well, that’s Silver -- it’s the same as Gold except you have to pay a small fee of £1.00 per lesson (Q6) for any you do and you can only use the centre at certain times.
Man: I see. So when exactly?
Woman: You can only use the facilities between 10am and 4.30 pm (Q7).
Man: So I couldn’t use the pool at 8 in the morning or evening, then?
Woman: That’s right.
Man: OK. And the price for that? Is the joining fee the same as for Gold?
Woman: Actually, it’s slightly less than the £250 -- it’s £225, but the annual fee is only £300. Does that sound more like what you want?
Man: Well, it’s still rather more expensive than I thought. I’m a student here in England and I’m only here for six months.
Woman: Ah, then the Bronze scheme would probably suit you best.
Man: How is that different?
Woman: Well,some of the facilities have restricted use.
Man: Adn do I have to pay for classes?
Woman: Yes, it’s £3 for each class you join.
Man: I see. And what are the hours then?
Woman: Between 10.30 and 3.30 weekdays only and you pay a £50 joining fee. The annual fee is £180 (Q8) -- it works out at £15 a month, so that would be quite a lot cheaper.?
?
?三、地圖題
解題思路:
1. 先找到地圖的起始點(diǎn)、入口或講話人所在的位置;
2. 快速瀏覽圖中已給的信息,如街道、建筑物名稱、方向指示箭頭等;
3. 如果是填圖題,注意聽表示順序的詞,如first,then,next等;如果是配對(duì)題,注意表示方位的詞,如north,south,left,right,opposite等。
必須掌握的方位詞:
be ahead of 在??前方 be across from 在??對(duì)面
be behind 在??后面 be beside 在??旁邊
be far from 遠(yuǎn)離?? be in front of 在??前面
be next to 緊挨著 be in the corner of 在??拐角處
be parallel to 與??平行 be nearby 在附近
be on your left/right hand side 在你的左/右邊
go along/down 沿著?? go through 穿過
take the first turning on your left 第一個(gè)路口左轉(zhuǎn)
turn your first left 第一個(gè)路口左轉(zhuǎn)
access 通道,入口 side access 側(cè)門
rear access 后門 wheelchair access 輪椅通道
annex/wing building 付樓/翼樓 arrow箭頭
aisle 通道 basement 地下室
balconly 陽(yáng)臺(tái) corridor 走廊
clockwise 順時(shí)針的 counter-clockwise 逆時(shí)針的
escalator 扶梯 lift 升降梯
landmark 標(biāo)志性建筑 pavement 人行道
stairs 樓梯 signpost 路標(biāo)
crossroad/intersection 十字路口 T-junction 丁字路口
underpass 地下通道 zebra crossing 斑馬線
小貼士
1. 地圖題分為兩類:填圖題和配對(duì)題,注意不同的做題方法;
2. 通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的街道、地名等,要熟悉表達(dá)方向的詞匯、句型;
3. 如果地圖的入口在上方,注意“左”、“右”與看圖的方向相反。
?
?例題解析(地圖填空題)
Cambridge 4 , Test 1, Section 2
Questions 14-20
Label the plan below:
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
?
題目解析:
1. 首先,找到地圖的起始點(diǎn),即圖的下方entrance;
2. 瀏覽途中題目的序號(hào),地圖填空題一定是按照題號(hào)的順序介紹的;
3. 注意圖中已給的信息,如Car Park,The Engine Room等,在以這些地點(diǎn)為參照時(shí)能夠迅速在圖中找到其位置。
4. 14題在圖的下方,注意聽力材料中提到the bottom時(shí),會(huì)出現(xiàn)答案;
5. 15題在入口的右邊,在聽到“entrance”之后,注意immediate to our right。地圖填空題不需要考生在圖中找方向,而是聽到方位詞后捕捉地點(diǎn)名詞;
6. 接下來材料提到car park,應(yīng)該預(yù)測(cè)16題的答案即將出現(xiàn);
7. 17題距離較遠(yuǎn),要注意提前定位序號(hào)。原文先說到答案才提到位置,有一定的隱蔽性,在聽到“a stone house”時(shí)就應(yīng)提高警惕;
8. 緊接著出現(xiàn)方位詞,“on the top right corner”,注意尋找下一個(gè)題目序號(hào)18題;
9. 19題以Gringding Shop為參照,比較容易定位;
10. next to為路標(biāo)詞,注意答案的單詞拼寫。
Keys
Woodside
Ticket Office
Gift Shop
Main Workshop
Showroom
Cafe
Cottage
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