演講稿的寫作
演講稿首先開頭要開門見山，既要一下子抓住聽眾又要提出你的觀點(diǎn)，中間要用各種方法和所準(zhǔn)備的材料說明、支持你的論點(diǎn)，感染聽眾，然后在結(jié)尾加強(qiáng)說明論點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論，結(jié)束演講。
演講稿的寫作有嚴(yán)格的要求，就內(nèi)容而言要主題鮮明，表達(dá)完整；就文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)而言要思維清晰，邏輯性強(qiáng)；就語言而言要有感染力、形象生動(dòng)。寫作時(shí)可根據(jù)需要有效、正確地使用英語寫作方法和技巧，如恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用明喻、暗喻、夸張等各種修辭方法，用詞要準(zhǔn)確，盡量避免使用生僻、模糊、晦澀的字詞?？傊紤]聽眾對(duì)象，注意演講的措辭，但又要簡明扼要、有理有力、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。許多著名的演說家的不朽之作都有振奮人心、扭轉(zhuǎn)乾坤般的力量。從馬?。返拢鸬摹癐 have a dream”，美國總統(tǒng)林肯所作的著名的蓋茨堡演說，到克林頓在北大的演說，不少句子都成為不朽的佳句，值得認(rèn)真研讀。
3. 進(jìn)行演講
具備演講的知識(shí)和技巧，演講稿的完成只是演講的序幕，要進(jìn)行成功的演講則要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練時(shí)，分析演講要領(lǐng)，訓(xùn)練演講技巧和姿勢(shì)語，觀看CCTV杯和愛立信杯等英語演講的錄像，了解并按照比賽評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的模擬訓(xùn)練，觀察演講過程是否具備以下特點(diǎn)：主題鮮明，表達(dá)完整（演講內(nèi)容）；思維清晰，邏輯性強(qiáng)（文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)）；感情充沛，富有表現(xiàn)力（演講氣勢(shì)）；發(fā)音正確，語音語調(diào)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（英語語音）；反應(yīng)敏捷，回答準(zhǔn)確（心理素質(zhì)）；著裝整潔，儀態(tài)大方等等。
除此之外，還要有良好的心理素質(zhì)。多進(jìn)行模擬演講，有良好的心理素質(zhì)，才能更好地表現(xiàn)自己，取得演講的良好效果。有的同學(xué)能講一口地道的美式英語，但由于缺乏良好的心理素質(zhì)而怯場，甚至在比賽中緊張得說不出話來或有一些不良的舉止而被淘汰出局。
有了充分的準(zhǔn)備，進(jìn)行演講就不太難了。在演講的整個(gè)過程中還要注意一些演講的要領(lǐng)與技巧，如演講者與聽眾目光的接觸（eye contact），聲音的抑揚(yáng)頓挫（vocal variety），和肢體語言的配合（hand gestures and body language）等等，但要恰當(dāng)，不要太多，否則會(huì)喧賓奪主，影響演講效果。
掌握了這些要領(lǐng)，有了充分的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備，再加上良好的心理素質(zhì)，一定會(huì)成功的.

演講指南
演講的四個(gè)目標(biāo)Four objectives of the speech
To offer information; 提供信息；
To entertain the audience; 使聽眾感到樂趣；
To touch emotions; 動(dòng)之以情；
To move to action; 使聽眾行動(dòng)起來；

Plan well in advance; 預(yù)先計(jì)劃好；
Make sure you fully understand your role in the program;
保證自己充分了解在活動(dòng)中的角色；
Devote care to structuring your speech logically; 認(rèn)真地構(gòu)思演講，使其結(jié)構(gòu)符合邏輯；
Devote care to setting the proper tone. 認(rèn)真設(shè)定適當(dāng)?shù)幕{(diào)。

How to begin 如何開頭
To tell a story (about yourself); 講個(gè)（自己的）故事；
To acknowledge the occasion of the gathering； 對(duì)大家能夠聚在一起表示感謝；
To pay the listeners a compliment； 稱贊一下聽眾；
To quote ； 引用名人名言；
To use unusual statistics； 使用一些不平常的數(shù)據(jù)；
To ask the audience a challenging question； 問觀眾一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)性的問題；
To show a video or a slide. 播放錄像帶或看幻燈片。
How to organize the speech
怎樣組織演講
To have a structure: such as first, second, third; geographically, north, south, east, west; compare and contrasts; our side versus their side; negative and positive;
要有一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)：可以分一二三點(diǎn)；比較與對(duì)比；我方與他方；正面與反面；
To label the materials such as jokes, funny anecdotes, favorite sayings, interesting statistics;
將材料歸類整理，如笑話、趣事、名人名言、有趣的數(shù)據(jù)；
How to close 如何結(jié)尾
To repeat your opening; 重復(fù)你的開頭；
To summarize your presentation; 概括你的演講；
To close with an anecdote; 以趣事結(jié)尾；
To end with a call to action; 以號(hào)召行動(dòng)結(jié)尾；
To ask a rhetorical question; 以反問結(jié)尾；
To make a statement; 以一個(gè)陳述句結(jié)尾；
Keynote speech 基調(diào)發(fā)言
A Keynote speech is to outline the subjects to be addressed by other speakers at an event,and to establish the tone of a meeting or program.
基調(diào)發(fā)言也稱主題演講，目的就是限定一個(gè)集會(huì)上其他演講者演講的主題，奠定一個(gè)會(huì)議或活動(dòng)的基調(diào)?；{(diào)發(fā)言也直接關(guān)系到確立大會(huì)的感情基調(diào)。

演講技巧　
How to communicate with the audience 怎樣與聽眾交流
A message worth communicating; 要有值得交流的觀點(diǎn)；
Gain the listeners' atention: capture their interest and build their trust;
引起聽眾的注意：抓住他們的興趣并贏得信任；
Emphasize understanding; 重視理解；
Obtain their feedback; 獲得反饋；
Watch your emotional tone; 注意聲調(diào)要有感情；
Persuade the audience; 說服聽眾；
How to gain confidence 怎樣變得自信
Smile and glance at the audience; 微笑并看著觀眾；
Start very slowly, with your shoulders back and your chin up;
開始發(fā)言時(shí)要慢一點(diǎn)，身體保持昂首挺胸的姿態(tài)；
Open your speech by saying something very frankly; 開場白說一些真誠話；
Wear your very best clothes; 穿上自己最好的衣服；
Say something positive to yourself; 對(duì)自己說一些積極的話；

Eye contact with the audience 與觀眾的眼神交流
Move your eyes slowly from person to person, and pause two or three seconds with each listener;
眼睛慢慢地從一個(gè)移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)人，在每一個(gè)人身上停留兩到三秒鐘時(shí)間；
Look at people straight or look at the bridge of their noses or chins;
眼睛直視聽眾，或看著他們的鼻梁或下巴
Look for the friendlier faces and smile at them one by one, then move on to the more skeptical members and smile at them one by one also;
找到那些看起來比較友善的聽眾，逐次朝他們微笑；然后目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)向那些有些懷疑的聽眾，也逐漸朝他們微笑；
Imagine the audience in bathrobes in case you are nervous.
如果你感到緊張，不妨想象聽眾都穿著浴衣的樣子。

HOW to use gestures 如何使有手勢(shì)
Make sure all your gestures are smooth and natural; 所有的動(dòng)作都應(yīng)該流暢自然；
Don't put your hands in your pockets; 不要把手插在口袋里；
Let your hands and arms drop naturally to your side ,gently fold both indes fingers together,without wringing or gripping your hands in any way;
將手和手臂自然地在身體兩側(cè)下垂，輕微屈起食指，不要扭在一起或緊握拳頭；
Let your hands do what they want to do as long as they don't go back into your pockets or make obscene gestures.
手想要怎樣就讓它怎樣，直到它不再回到你的口袋或在聽眾面前做一些惹人討厭的手勢(shì)。
Point at imaginary objects and don't point at others with your index finger;
手可以指點(diǎn)著假想的物體，不要用食指指著別人；
Size or quantity can also easily be shown by expanding or contracting the hands;
心寸的大小和數(shù)量的多少也可以通過兩手的擴(kuò)張和收縮來演示；
Gracefully show your audience the appropriate number of fingers by holding your hands at a 45 degree angle from your head;
手抬起并與頭成四十五度角，優(yōu)雅地用手勢(shì)表示出數(shù)字；
TO emphasize physical size such as length,width,hold your hands out in front you widely apart to move them up and down.
如果想要強(qiáng)調(diào)長度尺寸的大小，將兩手伸向前方，盡量分開，并上下移動(dòng)。

How to cope with brownout 如何對(duì)付忘詞
Just smile and go to the next card. Not the one in front of you, but to the next following. Look at the first word on it. This will be the point from which you will now continue. Of course you missed part of your speech. But nobody will notice it. They will blame themselves for not following your thoughts.
只需要微微一笑，繼續(xù)下一張卡片上的內(nèi)容，不是擺在你目前的那張卡片，而是下一張。看一下卡片上的第一個(gè)單詞，這就是你要繼續(xù)的要點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然你會(huì)遺漏一部分內(nèi)容，但是沒有人會(huì)注意到這一點(diǎn)。聽眾只會(huì)責(zé)怪自己沒有跟上你的思路。

How to use cards 怎樣使用卡片
Number your cards on the top right; 在卡片的右上角標(biāo)上數(shù)字；
Write a complete sentence on both your first and last card;
在第一張和最后一張上寫上完整的句子；
Write up to five key words on other cards;
其他卡片上最多只能寫五個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞；
Use color to mark the words you want to emphasize;
用顏色來標(biāo)記你想強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞；
Remind yourself at a particular sport to check the time.
在某一處提醒自己查看時(shí)間。

How to use the microphone 如何使用話筒
You must speak up and project your voice even if you are using a microphone; 即使是用話筒，也要聲音響亮并運(yùn)氣發(fā)聲；
Your voice should be resonant and sustained when you speak; 聲音要有回聲并能稍持續(xù)一陣兒；
Pitch your voice slightly lower than normal. Listeners tend to associate credibility and authority with a relatively deep voice;音調(diào)要定得比正常講話時(shí)低一些，聽眾往往把可信度與權(quán)威性與一個(gè)相對(duì)低沉的聲音系在一起；
Try to end declarative sentences on a low tone without, however, trailing off in volume;盡量用降調(diào)結(jié)束陳述句，但不要減弱音量； 　
Slow down. 放慢語速。

No,nos in public speaking 演講切忌
Talking too rapidly; 語速太快;
Speaking in a monotone; 聲音單調(diào)；
Using too high a vocal pitch; 聲音尖細(xì)；
Talking and not saying much; “談”得太多，說得太少；
Presenting without enough emotion or passion; 感情不充分；
Talking down to the audience; 對(duì)觀眾采取一種居高臨下的姿態(tài);
Using too many "big" words; 夸張的詞語使用得太多；
Using abstractions without giving concrete examples; 使用抽象概念而不給出事例加以說明；
Using unfamiliar technical jargon; 使用別人不熟悉的技術(shù)術(shù)語；
Using slang or profanity; 使用俚語或粗俗語；
Disorganized and rambling performance; 演講無組織，散亂無序；
Indirect communication i.e. beating around the bush； 說話繞彎子，不切中主題；

Typical signals of nervousness 緊張的典型特征
　 Hands in pockets 手放在口袋里
Increased blinking of the eyes 眨眼次數(shù)過多；
Failure to make eye contact害怕眼神的接觸；
Licking and biting of the lips 舔嘴唇和史嘴唇；
Finger tapping 敲叩手指；
Fast,jerky gestures 手勢(shì)又急又快；
Cracking voices 粗啞的聲音
Increased rate of speech 講話速度加快；
Clearing of the throat 清嗓子；
Buttocks clamped tightly together 臀部崩得緊緊的；
The way to over come nervousness is breathe in deep and breathe out slowly for some times. 克服緊張的辦法是調(diào)勻呼吸，深吸氣，慢呼出。

HOW to dress 如何穿著得體
Dark colored suits or dresses； 穿深色西裝；
Red ties or scarves; 空樸素的白襯衫或上衣；
Black shoes,freshly polished; 戴紅色的領(lǐng)帶或絲巾；
Very little jewelry -worn discreetly; 穿剛剛擦亮的黑色鞋子；
Calm,slow gestures and slow movements; 盡量不戴首飾，要戴的話要非常小心；
Shoulders back,chin up. 挺胸抬頭。?