詞匯誤用主要包括名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞的詞性混淆或近義詞誤用，以及冠詞的誤用。通過下列習(xí)題的操練可以培養(yǎng)此類錯誤的辨析能力。

練一練

1.Robert Kahn, a psychologist who has studied the health effects of companionship once said,“Those patients with two or more close associations enjoyed twice the one-year survival rate of those who were completely alone.”

2. In modern society, people are under various pressure.

3. Not long ago, a mystery Christmas card dropped through our mail slot.

4. Knowledge begins to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual can be communicated to another by mean of speech.

5.The accuracy of scienti? cobservations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist’s timekeeping methods. For this cause, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.

6. The main resource of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising.

7. The complete subjects in Grade 4 includes computer, philosophy, paper writing and translation.

8. The inventions of the poet, the artist and the writer often bring fame without wealth.

9. The originals of American Jazz are as interesting as the music itself.

10. Our acquaintance with them comes not from our mother’s mouth or from the talk of our school-mates, but from books that we read, lectures that we attend.

11. The history evidence for the existence of Jesus comes primarily from Christian resources.

12. Mary, the assistant professor, helped edit the entries and introduce various sessions in the book.

13. He accepted her complement about his success with a smile.

14. Catherine White is my favorite teacher with 10 years’ experiences.

15. The engineer has introduced useful machineries to save labour in the power plant.

16. The newest vision of Google’s Android operating system, called Ice Cream Sandwich, has built-in encryption.

17.This global menace is personi? ed by a woman who is the Status of Liberty and Snow Queen rolled into one.

18.As a subsequence of the economic crisis, subscriptions to most scienti? c journals had been canceled.

19. Recently, the health care system tried offering a two-day summit for clinicians on techniques to motivate patients.

20.Almost one in three Americans is poor, or on the rim of becoming poor, including many of the Social Security recipients.

答案與解析

1. 答案associations —associates

解析本句的意思是 ：心理學(xué)家羅伯特?卡恩通過一項對病人的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有兩個或者 兩個以上親密伙伴陪同的病人在一年危險期 的幸存幾率是完全無人陪伴的病人的兩倍 。此處指人 ，故用associates。

2. 答案pressure —pressures

解析pressure表示壓力時既可以作為不可數(shù)名詞也可以作為可數(shù)名詞使用 。但此處強調(diào)“人們身處多重壓力之下”。表示不同種類的壓力 ，應(yīng)該用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 。

3. 答案mystery —mysterious

解析此處名詞前應(yīng)用形容詞mysterious ，而非名詞mystery 。

4. 答案mean —means

解析by means of 是 固定用法 ，意為“通過某種方法”。

5. 答案cause —reason

解析cause著重指產(chǎn)生或造成某事發(fā)生的原 因，往往指造成不好的影響。如 ：The cause of the accident was his carelessness.故不宜用在此處。reason著重指解釋或說明某事發(fā)生的理由或原因，如 ：The reason for which he was late was that he got up late.

6. 答案resource —source

解析此處指“資金來源”。resource指“資源、物力、財力”，往往用復(fù)數(shù) ，如 ：The exploitation of natural resources was hampered by the lack of technicians. 與of搭配的應(yīng)當(dāng)是source ，表示“來源”。

7. 答案subj ects —curriculum

解析此處指“四年級的全部課程”。subj ects表示“科目” ，但不能和complete搭配 ， 此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用集合名詞curriculum 。

8. 答案inventions —creations

解析詩人、藝術(shù)家和作家的作品常使人成名而并非帶來財富。但invention“發(fā)明(制造以前不存在的東西)” 往往指器械類發(fā)明，creation指運用自己的知識想象去創(chuàng)作 。

9. 答案originals —origins

解析originals作為名詞意為“原作，原物”，此處句意為 “爵士樂的起源”，應(yīng)當(dāng)用origins。

10. 答案mouth —lips

解析learn something from one’s lips是固定搭配，表示 “從某人嘴里得知” ，而不是中文中“嘴”一詞對應(yīng) 的“mouth”。

11. 答案history —historical

解析historical evidence是固定搭配，表示“史證” ，需用形容詞作名詞的前置定語 ，而不用名詞history 。

12. 答案sessions —sections

解析兩個詞都可以作為可數(shù)名詞使用。sessions表示“學(xué)期、時間段”；sections表示 “章節(jié) 、段落”。本句的意思是：作為助理教授，瑪麗曾協(xié)助編撰這本書中的一些詞條并對不同的章節(jié)做了介紹。此處指“書中的章節(jié)”，故用sections。

13. 答案complement —compliment

解析本句的意思是：他以微笑接受她對他成功的稱贊。compliment表示“稱贊、恭維” ；complement是它的形似詞 ，表示“補充 、補足物”。因此 ，選用前者 。

14. 答案experiences —experience

解析名詞experience既可以用作可數(shù)名詞表示“一次經(jīng)歷”，也可以用作不可數(shù)名詞表示“經(jīng)驗”。本句中的凱瑟琳是一位有著十年教學(xué)經(jīng)驗的老師，故用experience。

15. 答案machineries —machinery

解析machinery是一個集體名詞，表示機器的總稱 ，不能用作可數(shù)名詞，因此也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式 。

16. 答案vision —version

解析vision表示“視覺 、視力”，version表示“版本”。本句中指“谷歌最新版本的安卓操作系統(tǒng)”，故用后者 。

17. 答案Status —Statue

解析the Statue of Liberty特指“美國的自由女神像”，而status表示“地位”，與題意不符。

18. 答案subsequence —consequence

解析雖然兩個詞都表示“接下來發(fā)生的事情”，但subsequence只強調(diào)事件發(fā)生的先后順序 ，consequence強調(diào)事件的因果關(guān)系，而且as a consequence of是 固定搭配，表示“作為……的結(jié)果”。

19. 答案summit —seminar

解析summit表示“峰會”，常由領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人參加，而seminar表示“研究班 、研究會”，強調(diào)學(xué)術(shù)性。本句的意思是：衛(wèi)生部門為醫(yī)生們舉辦了為期兩天的研究會 ，研究討論如何激發(fā)病人的積極性，故用后者 。

20. 答案rim —verge

解析兩個詞都表示“邊緣”，但是on the verge of sth.是固定搭配，表示“在某事將要發(fā)生之前”。