上次，我們談到四六級(jí)閱讀考點(diǎn)出處第一大特征是：邏輯關(guān)系處?？?。

而除了最熟悉的轉(zhuǎn)折以外，邏輯關(guān)系還包含：并列、舉例、因果、遞進(jìn)等等。

而緊排在轉(zhuǎn)折之后，相對(duì)在歷年真題中較多出現(xiàn)的考查處，分別是：并列和因果。

常見表示并列的方式：詞語方面有and, while（同時(shí)）, meanwhile, also；標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)上，通常是兩個(gè)句子之間用分號(hào)（；）隔開，表并列。

常見表因果的方式：詞語方面有because, why, the reason, for, so, since, as a result等。需要注意的是當(dāng)why引導(dǎo)一個(gè)問句時(shí)，考點(diǎn)出處往往是緊接著回答此問題的句子或相鄰的幾個(gè)羅列點(diǎn)或相連幾段話的首句。

并列和因果都比較難以察覺，需要同學(xué)平時(shí)練習(xí)過程中就有意識(shí)地對(duì)這兩種邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行關(guān)注。

真題再現(xiàn)
例1：（并列）
They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.（2011.6,cet 4）
3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?
A. Its food lacked variety.
B. Its people cared more for quantity.
C. It was short of well-trained chefs.
D. It didn't have flavourful food ingredients.

【答案】B

【解析】本段后半部分提到，這種只重?cái)?shù)量不重質(zhì)量的習(xí)慣持續(xù)了幾十年，這意味著一代英國人是被無法和鄰近的法國、意大利、比利時(shí)和西班牙相媲美的食物養(yǎng)大的。由此可知，英國食物無法跟鄰國競爭是因?yàn)橛酥恢財(cái)?shù)量不重質(zhì)量。B選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文中“prioritisation of quantity over quality”的同意轉(zhuǎn)述。

例2：（因果）
American tourists, however, shouldn’t expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up- slowly, and then all at once. And currencies don’t turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.
55. What is the author’s advice to Americans?
A. They treat the dollar with a little respect
B. They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble
C. They vacation at home rather than abroad
D. They treasure their marriages all the more.

【答案】C

【解析】面對(duì)美元貶值給美國人帶來的民族自尊上的困擾，作者給美國人提出建議：如果想要避免困擾，最好取消去英國的旅行，轉(zhuǎn)而前往新英格蘭（美國的一個(gè)地區(qū)）旅行。換句話說，作者建議取消去國外的旅行，轉(zhuǎn)而在國內(nèi)旅行。
又到了做題時(shí)間，大家動(dòng)動(dòng)手吧！

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (學(xué)術(shù)界) outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.

The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制藥的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.

Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (轉(zhuǎn)換) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

1. By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.
A. university researchers know little about the commercial world
B. there is little exchange between industry and academia
C. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
D. few university professors are willing to do industrial research

2. What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
A. Her research interests.
B. Flexible work hours.
C. Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.
D. Prospects of academic accomplishments.

【答案】1.C 2. A

【解析】
1. 考點(diǎn)出處：第一段While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.

文章首句提到“這在很大程度上是一條單行道”，接下來談到“同時(shí)，大學(xué)研究人員去工商業(yè)界碰運(yùn)氣很普遍，但是向反方向走的卻很少?！边@里的“反方向”指的就是“工商業(yè)界去大學(xué)工作”，由此可知，作者是想用“單行道”來描述“很少有實(shí)業(yè)科學(xué)家去大學(xué)工作”這一現(xiàn)象，故答案為C。

2. 考點(diǎn)出處：第二段Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.

該句提到，Helen Lee在事業(yè)發(fā)展的中期返回學(xué)術(shù)界的主要原因（Her main reason for..）是想利用那里更大的自由選擇研究專題權(quán)利，由此可知她是為了她的“研究興趣”才更換工作的。A選項(xiàng)中Her research interests.對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“freedom to choose research questions.”所以，答案為A。 ? ? ??

提醒：滬江考后放出2012年12月英語四級(jí)答案及真題信息