V 前后總結(jié)

總結(jié)題有可能要求總結(jié)全文大意，也有可能要求總結(jié)某一部分大意。在2003年至2012年的考題中，第二種情況占了大部分。在做這種題目時(shí)，一定要聽懂這一部分從頭到尾的內(nèi)容，才能總結(jié)出大意。千萬不能聽到符合某一選項(xiàng)的細(xì)節(jié)信息，就盲目選擇這一選項(xiàng)。
如2004年訪談的第1題：
What was education like in Professor Wang’s days?
A. Students worked very hard.
B. Students felt they needed a second degree.
C. Education was not career-oriented.
D. There were many specialized subjects.

此題詢問王教授讀大學(xué)期間的教育狀況。關(guān)于這部分信息，錄音材料原文中有如下一段話：
N: Professor Wang, you’re now Professor Emeritus of Australian National University.?And in your long academic career, you’ve worn many hats as tutor, lecturer, department?head, dean, professor and vice-chancellor. However, as I know, you are still very fond?of your university days as a student.
W: That’s right. That was in 1949. The university I went to was a brand new university?then and the only one in the country at that time. When I look back, it was an?amazingly small university and we knew everybody.
N: How did the students like you, for example, study then?
W: We did not study very hard because we did not have to. We didn’t have all this?fantastic competition that you have today.
N: Mm.
W: Eh, we were always made to feel that getting a fi rst degree in the Arts Faculty was?not preparation for a profession. It was a general education. We were not under any?pressure to decide on our careers and we had such a good time. We were left very much?on our own and were encouraged to make things happen.

從這段話可以看出王教授讀大學(xué)時(shí)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)沒有什么就業(yè)壓力，大家選擇自己喜歡做的事情。所以可以推斷答案是C。

又如2006年訪談的第2題：
Which of the following is NOT part of her job with the Department of Employ-ment?
A. Doing surveys at workplace. B. Analyzing survey results.
C. Designing questionnaires. D. Taking a psychology course.
此題詢問勞工部的工作情況，要求選出不符合原文的選項(xiàng)。關(guān)于Miss Green在勞工部的工作職責(zé)，錄音材料原文中有這樣一段話：
M: I see from your resume that you graduated about four years ago and after that… let me see…
W: I got a job with the Department of Employment. It was only a temporary thing for?about fi ve months. I was a researcher in the Department. We designed a survey, go out?to the factories and ask all the questions to the workers and management, then go back?to the offi ce, analyze all the data and produce report. It was quite interesting. And I?guess the psychology course at college helped me a lot.

Miss Green在勞工部的主要工作是設(shè)計(jì)問卷，去工廠作問卷調(diào)查，回辦公室分析數(shù)據(jù)，最后寫報(bào)告?？梢缘弥?，選項(xiàng)A、B、C都有所涉及。而選項(xiàng)D（taking a psychology?course）與原文中的（the psychology course at college helped me a lot）不符，所以答案是D。

再如2010年訪談的第5題：
According to the interview, religious diversity .
A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000
B. exists among Muslim immigrants
C. is restricted to certain places in the U.S.
D. is spreading to more parts of the country

關(guān)于宗教多元化問題，Johnson教授提到：Immigration from India, Pakistan and the?Middle East brought radically increased numbers of Hindus and Muslims to the US. And Chinese,?Vietnamese, Japanese and other Asian immigrants increased the number of Buddhists. But the?point is that these religions didn’t settle everywhere. They settled mainly in California and major?northeastern and mid-western cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Minneapolis.?From 1990 to 2000 the number of Muslims in New York City grew from 600,000 to nearly one?million. In the Los Angeles area there are now more than 300 Buddhist temples. 表明宗教多元化發(fā)生在某些地方，而不是美國(guó)全部。當(dāng)采訪者說道：So, we see that many parts of the US?are truly becoming more diverse while at the same time others are essentially remaining the same?in terms of race, age and religion.時(shí)，Johnson教授回答：Yes, that’s true. 由此可見答案為C。

有些總結(jié)題需要用排除法解答，增加了難度。

如2008年對(duì)話的第2題：
Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Mary as a potential disadvantage?
A. More people in the area. ? B. Noise and motorways.
C. Waste of land. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. Unnecessary travel.

關(guān)于建造新機(jī)場(chǎng)的潛在威脅，Mary先說：But really, people shouldn’t be traveling as?much. That’s why most of the journeys, I mean, they’re swamped because there is far too much?unnecessary tourism and so on. It isn’t necessary for people to travel so fast or even so often.可以總結(jié)出選項(xiàng)D（unnecessary travel）; 然后她又說：Well, yes I can sympathize with that, but it?is still not really necessary to do whereas it is necessary to, to conserve fuel and it is necessary to,?well, not to waste land. I mean, land for a new airport could be used for far more important things?which would benefi t the people here far more. I mean it could be used for farming, for instance...?It could also be used for housing or it could be used for parks, you know. People then could come?and enjoy themselves without having to travel far.可以總結(jié)出選項(xiàng)C（浪費(fèi)土地）；她最后又提到：But, you ask the people, you ask those who are now living near the airports, for instance,?whether they reckon that airports are bringing them advantages. All the airports are bringing are?noise and vast motorways, and the whole area is defoliated, isn’t it?可以總結(jié)出選項(xiàng)B（噪音和高速公路）。唯獨(dú)沒有提到選項(xiàng)A，所以答案是A。

又如2011年訪談的第5題。
Which of the following topics in NOT discussed during the interview?
A. Causes of language learning difficulties.
B. Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching.
C. Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning.
D. Differences between mother tongue and a second language.

此題考查范圍較廣，要求總結(jié)整個(gè)訪談內(nèi)容。訪談一開始就提到了導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)第二語(yǔ)言困難的原因，可以排除選項(xiàng)A。其后也談到各個(gè)二語(yǔ)教學(xué)方法的特點(diǎn)，因此可以排除選項(xiàng)B。訪談最后列舉了二語(yǔ)習(xí)得理論框架中尤為重要的五大假設(shè)，這樣就可排除選項(xiàng)C。只有選項(xiàng)D并未展開論述，僅僅是提到語(yǔ)言之間的差異會(huì)導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)障礙。所以答案為D。

VI 歸納推理

上文提到的推理題是最難做的一種題型，需要考生運(yùn)用綜合歸納和合理排除的能力。在聽錄音的時(shí)候一定要注意細(xì)節(jié)信息，合理地做出選擇。

如2006年訪談的第1題：
Which of the following statements is TRUE about Miss Green’s university days?
A. She felt bored. ? ? ? ? ? ?B. She felt lonely.
C. She cherished them. ? ?D. The subject was easy.

此題詢問Miss Green對(duì)大學(xué)生活的看法。當(dāng)應(yīng)聘者問How did you fi nd it there?時(shí)，Miss?Green回答：I had a great time. The teaching there was good and I made a lot of friends. The?psychology department was a great place to be. 說明她很喜歡大學(xué)生活，由此可以排除選項(xiàng)A和B。當(dāng)問及心理學(xué)的課程（And what was the course like?）時(shí)，Miss Green回答：Good.

The teachers were all really nice and they had the special approach to teaching. You know, they?didn’t just give us lectures and tell us to read books like they might do in some more traditional
places. The whole course was based on a problem-solving approach. You know, they describe a?particular situation to us and we discuss what might happen. And after that, we do some reading
and see if they confi rm our own ideas. That’s what I liked best, the really practical orientation of?the course, I learned very well with that style. So for me, it was just great. 說明心理學(xué)教授上課理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，要求學(xué)生作案例分析，這些對(duì)她將來的工作很有幫助。但并沒有提到課程是否簡(jiǎn)單，所以排除選項(xiàng)D，答案是選項(xiàng)C。

又如2008年對(duì)話的第4題：
Mary thinks that people don’t need to do much travel nowadays as a result of .
A. less emphasis on personal contact
B. advances in modern telecommunications
C. recent changes in people’s concepts
D. more potential damage to the area

關(guān)于現(xiàn)代社會(huì)人們可以減少空中旅行的原因，Mary說：From my point of view, the?whole concept is outdated really. With modern technology we’re going to make a lot of travel?unnecessary, right? For example, it won’t be necessary for businessmen to fl y out to a foreign?country to talk to somebody. They can just lift up the telephone in the offi ce, press a button and?see the person they want to do business with. You see, business deals can be made without having?to travel back and forth, right? 可以看出Mary主要認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代人可以在辦公室利用可視電話與外國(guó)的客戶談生意，根本沒有必要乘飛機(jī)長(zhǎng)途跋涉。由此可以推斷，可以減少空中旅行的主要原因在于發(fā)達(dá)的通訊設(shè)施，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

再如2010年訪談的第2題：
According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. Some places are more diverse than others.
B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.
C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.
D. America is a truly diverse country.

關(guān)于多元化在不同地域的體現(xiàn)，Johnson教授說道：Well, I think in all this talk of?diversity there is a critical point that may be missed, that is, diversity is not occurring everywhere?in the US, or at least not to a degree that would alter the demography of every region in the?country. 表明多元化并不是發(fā)生在美國(guó)所有地方。當(dāng)采訪者表示驚訝“Oh! Really?”時(shí)，他用《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的一篇新聞內(nèi)容做了解釋：I can give you an example. Recently, a New?York Times article describes the town of Selinsgrove in Pennsylvania. You see, in the last ten?years, things have barely changed in that town. The population has dropped by one, from 5384 to?5383 and the town remains virtually 100% white. The article thus concludes that many portions?of the country remain like Selinsgrove virtually unchanged on this march towards diversity. 由此可以推斷選項(xiàng)A正確。

又如2012年訪談的第2題：
The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativity ______.
A. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup
B. appears to be the result of the environment
C. appears to be more associated with great people
D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup
此題詢問訪談以巴赫家族為例展示創(chuàng)造力的什么特征。當(dāng)被問及創(chuàng)造力究竟是環(huán)境因素影響還是基因遺傳決定時(shí)，Andreason博士認(rèn)為至今無從知曉，但是她同時(shí)舉例提到了巴赫家族的遺傳基因：However, creativity does seem to run in certain families ...you see?Johnann Sebastian Bach was the most famous member of the Bach family but there were twenty?other eminent musicians who came from the same family. 由此可見，她認(rèn)為遺傳基因是形成創(chuàng)造力的一大因素，答案為A。