III 細(xì)辨問題

在訪談中，一般有一位采訪者，一位受采訪者。兩人之間，采訪者占主動(dòng)地位，提出問題，引導(dǎo)受采訪者回答。而受采訪者根據(jù)采訪者的問題提供具體信息。在5個(gè)多項(xiàng)選擇題中，很有可能出現(xiàn)與錄音材料原文中相似，甚至一模一樣的問題。遇到這種情況，應(yīng)集中注意力在這個(gè)問題的回答上，即可輕松找到答案。

如2004年訪談的第4題：
What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers
of fee-paying students?
A. Shifting from one programme to another.
B. Working out ways to reduce student number.
C. Emphasizing better quality of education.
D. Setting up stricter examination standards.
此題詢問如何應(yīng)對(duì)自費(fèi)生人數(shù)增加的問題。在訪談中，采訪者問道：How do you?comment on the current phenomenon that more and more universities admit students because of?the fees they pay? 正好對(duì)應(yīng)了該問題。仔細(xì)聽受采訪者下面的回答肯定能找到答案。受采訪者的回答是：Well, once you accept students on fi nancial grounds, one wonders whether?you have to pass them as well, but this is the development in education that we have to contend?with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards, what we can do is to concentrate on?improving the quality of education. 可以看出受采訪者認(rèn)為自費(fèi)生人數(shù)增加是不能回避的問題，只有依賴提高教育質(zhì)量才能保持學(xué)校的水平。因此答案是C。

又如2011年訪談的第1題：
According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more diffi cult after a certain age?
A. Declining capacity to learn syntax.
B. Differences between two languages.
C. Lack of time available.
D. Absence of motivation.
此題詢問超過一定年紀(jì)學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)變得困難的原因。在訪談中，采訪者問道：Okay,?most people think, including me, it is diffi cult to learn another language. What are the reasons??Why is it so? 正好對(duì)應(yīng)了該問題。那么受采訪者的回答必然就是答案了。受采訪者先說：Well, there are a number of reasons for this. 表明有很多原因。然后繼續(xù)：First, there have?been research studies, they have shown that some aspects of language learning, especially syntax,?are more diffi cult beyond a certain age, say after around twelve years of age. 指出研究顯示句法學(xué)習(xí)能力隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而減弱。因此答案為A。

有些題目的答案不能一下子從選項(xiàng)中找出。如果四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的信息都出現(xiàn)在錄音材料原文中，若聽到一點(diǎn)信息就盲目選擇必然會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，此時(shí)應(yīng)耐心聽下去，一邊排除錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，一邊尋找正確的選項(xiàng)，才能保證正確率。

如2006年訪談的第3題：
According to Miss Green, the main difference between the Department of Employment and
the advertising agency lies in .
A. the nature of work ? B. office decoration
C. offi ce location ? ? ? ? D. work procedures

在錄音材料原文中當(dāng)聘用者假設(shè)廣告公司和勞工部的工作截然不同（And after that?you worked for three years in an advertising agency. That must’ve been a bit of change from?the Department of Employment, wasn’t it?）時(shí)，Miss Green回答Well, not really. 考生這時(shí)就應(yīng)特別注意下面提到的不同之處了。Miss Green先說I suppose the office furnishings were?a bit more sophisticated, but the work was quite similar. 符合選項(xiàng)B（offi ce decoration）的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)在B旁邊做 上記號(hào)。Miss Green接下來又說 I was basically still doing the same thing,?designing questionnaires, going out, asking questions and writing reports. 表明兩種工作的性質(zhì)是相同的，所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤。她后來又說 The only difference was that this time I wasn’t?asking people about their work. I was asking them what kind of shampoo they bought and if they?prefer brand X to brand Y. Then I’d make up a report and the agency would use the information in?their advertising campaigns. 表明新公司的工作程序和原來的一樣，唯一的區(qū)別是原來問別人的工作情況，而現(xiàn)在問別人喜歡用什么品牌的洗發(fā)水。因此選項(xiàng)D也錯(cuò)誤。而選項(xiàng)C在原文中并未涉及。經(jīng)過排除，可以確定答案為B。

還有的問題中有NOT，BUT，EXCEPT，INCORRECT等詞，需要考生排除掉三個(gè)正確信息，剩下的那個(gè)才是答案?？忌谧鲞@類細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)需要仔細(xì)聽比較長(zhǎng)的錄音材料原文，在聽到的正確信息所對(duì)應(yīng)的選項(xiàng)旁打鉤，全部聽完后沒有打鉤的選項(xiàng)即為答案。

又如2008年對(duì)話的第3題：
Freddy has cited the following advantages for a new airport EXCEPT .
A. more job opportunities B. vitality to the local economy
C. road construction D. presence of aircrew in the area
這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，也需用排除法解答。關(guān)于建造新機(jī)場(chǎng)的益處，F(xiàn)reddy提到：But, uh,?airports do bring some local advantages. They bring roads. There is obviously extra employment.?For instance, new hotels, shops, restaurants will have to be built. This means more jobs for the?locals and it is good for local economy. 此時(shí)應(yīng)在選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B上打個(gè)鉤。后來他又提到：But, the airport infra...infrastructure relies on housing and other facilities for the great number?of people who would be employed in the airport. The pilots, even, the stewardesses, they have to?live somewhere near the airport, right? 選項(xiàng)C符合該部分信息，應(yīng)該在它旁邊打個(gè)鉤。而選項(xiàng)D（當(dāng)?shù)爻霈F(xiàn)空乘人員）與原文內(nèi)容（為駕駛員和空姐提供住宅）有出入，所以答案是D。

再如2012年訪談的第1題：
Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?
A. Creativity stems from human beings’ novel thinking.
B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.
C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.
D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.
此題詢問與“創(chuàng)造力”不符合的選項(xiàng)。關(guān)于創(chuàng)造力，Andreason博士提到人的創(chuàng)造力始于以全新的思路思考問題然后找到解決問題的方法：This process starts with a person, for?example, an artist, musician, inventor, or even someone who’s trying to fi gure out a better way?of doing a task at work or at home. That person must think about the problem or their project in?a novel way and then come up with a solution. 選項(xiàng)C忽略了尋找解決之道，因此該選項(xiàng)不正確。

IV 字里行間

上文提到過，態(tài)度題是訪談?lì)惒牧现谐霈F(xiàn)頻率相當(dāng)高的一種題型，而且一般無(wú)法直接找出答案。這時(shí)需要考生特別注意一些表達(dá)情感、觀點(diǎn)的詞匯，進(jìn)而推斷出受訪談?wù)叩膽B(tài)度。

如2006年訪談的第5題：
How did Miss Green react to a heavier workload in the new job?
A. She was willing and ready. ? B. She sounded mildly eager.
C. She was a bit surprised. ? ? ?D. She sounded very reluctant.
此題詢問Miss Green對(duì)新工作強(qiáng)度更大的看法。選項(xiàng)A是愿意并準(zhǔn)備好了，選項(xiàng)B是有一點(diǎn)愿意，選項(xiàng)C是有一點(diǎn)驚訝，選項(xiàng)D是非常不愿意。訪談中關(guān)于新工作的強(qiáng)度有如下一段對(duì)話：
M: And you felt the job description in our advertisement would offer you the kind of?challenge you’re looking for?
W: Exactly, yes. As I said management in a larger organization and research combined. Also,?to be honest with you, I heard about the job before it was advertised. A friend of mine who
works here, Mark Auston, told me a few weeks ago that you were looking for someone to?take over the job. He described the position to me in quite a bit of detail. And I thought,?well, that is exactly what I am looking for. So really I’d written my letter of application?before the job was even advertised.
M: I should tell you that with the present cutbacks, we’ve only got one full-time?administering assistant in the section. How would you feel about doing your own word?processing photocopying, that sort of thing?
W: Oh, I’m used to that. I’ve done all my own word processing for ages. It’s the only?way to write really, isn’t it? I can type well, about 60 words a minute. I did secretarial?course after I left school, so l learned typing and shorthand. Then a few years later, I?bought a PC and I learned how to do word processing too.

從Miss Green提供的關(guān)于新工作問題的回答來看，她對(duì)高強(qiáng)度的工作非常樂意且準(zhǔn)備充分。一方面，她早就從公司內(nèi)部的朋友那兒得知該工作的具體要求，斷定這正是她向往的工作，在招聘廣告還未刊登前就準(zhǔn)備好了履歷。另一方面，當(dāng)聘用者提到由于公司減員，Miss Green可能要自己完成文字處理等工作時(shí)，她回答到她在原公司就已習(xí)慣于做這些，她打字速度很快，而且還進(jìn)修了一些相關(guān)課程，并備有個(gè)人電腦。

又如2012年訪談的第4題：
Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?
A. Unconventional. B. Critical. C. Resolute. D. Original.
此題詢問不符合創(chuàng)造性個(gè)性的選項(xiàng)。Andreason博士提到天賦高的創(chuàng)造力強(qiáng)的人一般不走尋常路，且始終遵循自己的想法：They often like to explore new places or ideas, they?don’t like being hemmed in by rules or conventions, and they often look at problems from a?different angle. Another point is they often have to move doggedly ahead on a project even when?the outside world rejects their art or new ideas. 這些內(nèi)容涵蓋A、C和D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，沒有提到選項(xiàng)B. critical（批判的）。因此答案為B。