（一）詞與詞的替換

詞與詞的替換包括同義詞和近義詞以及前綴的變化，目的就是考查同學(xué)們是否有迅速把兩個相近的單詞意思聯(lián)系起來的能力，也就是考查快速提取信息的能力。

1. C4T1P1 It has been 1suggested that child 2hold mistaken views about the 3'pure' science that they study at school. 根據(jù)'pure'定位到文中第二段第一行Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about 'pure' science, curriculum science. 短短一句話我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)有三組四處同義替換，分別為suggested-shown; hold-harbour; mistaken views-misconceptions; science that they study at school-curriculum science. 因此答案為TRUE。

2. C4T4P1 John S. Raglin believes our current knowledge of athletics is
A. mistaken
B. basic
C. diverse
D. theoretical

解析：根據(jù)人名John S. Raglin定位到文中最后一段 'Once you study athletics, you learn that it's a vexingly complex issue,'says John S. Raglin, a sports psychologist at Indiana University.' Core performance is not a simple or mundane thing of higher, faster, longer......., and our understanding in many cases is fundamental. Fundamental為basic的近義詞，意為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的，初步的”。

3. C5T4P3 Some types of bird can be encouraged to breed out of season.

解析：根據(jù)名詞bird定位到文中第二段第七行For example, some species of birds' breeding can be induced even in the midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially. 題目與原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)一致，只是替換了個別單詞，types換成了species; encouraged換成了induced, 很顯然答案為TRUE。

（二）詞性的變化

詞性的變化是指用同一個單詞的不同形式來暗示答案的出處。

1. C5T2P2 _________become active too.
解析：只有三個單詞，去掉系動詞become和副詞too, 只能拿active作為考點來去解題，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看，空格處缺少一個主語，同時要注意的是如果是可數(shù)名詞作主語的話，一般用復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上下文定位到文中的But there was also activity in the temporal lobes at the side of the head and in many other brain areas.很容易把active與activity對應(yīng)上，用too替換also, 句子用there be句型引出，很容易看出答案為temporal lobes。

2. C6T2P2 This is largely due to developments in medicine, but other factors such as improved _____may also play a part.
解析：根據(jù)文章的上下文我們可以定位到文中But there may be other contributing factors.Improvements in childhood nutrition in the first quarter of the twentieth century, for example, gave today's elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.很顯然improved與improvement是詞性轉(zhuǎn)化，空格應(yīng)該填一個名詞，答案為nutrition.

3. C6T3P3 Theory 1: cells less damaged by disease because fewer_____ are emitted.
解析：根據(jù)Theory 1定位到文中One possibility relates to the ATP-making machinery's emission of free radicals. 找出詞性轉(zhuǎn)化，便得出答案為free radicals。

（三）單詞與詞組和詞組與詞組的替換
此替換考查學(xué)生對近義詞組的轉(zhuǎn)化能力。

1. C5T2P1 There were several reasons for the research into plastics in the nineteenth century, among them the great advances that had been made in the field of _____and the search for alternatives to natural resources like ivory.

解析：根據(jù)nineteenth century定位到文中第二段......The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors- immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry,.......其中，in the field of意思等同于in the domain of“在....領(lǐng)域”，因此答案為chemistry。

2. C6T1P3 In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their _____ lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on _____ for their food and clothes.

解析：根據(jù)上下文定位到文中Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory's 18 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. 本題的替換很明顯也很簡單，因為大多數(shù)同學(xué)都認(rèn)識abandon, 更知道give up是“放棄”的意思，屬于單詞與詞組的替換，因此第一個空填nomadic, lifestyle“生活方式”與ways替換，depend mainly on與rely heavily on屬于詞組與詞組的替換，意為“依賴......”，答案為nature。

3. C6T4P3 Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognise the difference between bullying and mere______.

解析：根據(jù)上下文定位到文中E段最后Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting.題中句型為recognise the difference between A and B“區(qū)分A與B”, 文中句型為distinguish A from B, 同義，答案為playful fighting。

（四）主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化

1. C5T1P1 As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a _____ by the king.

解析：根據(jù)the king定位到文中最后一段The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George III to offer him a pension. 被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be+動詞過去分詞+by, 與文中主動語態(tài)對應(yīng)上，答案為pension“養(yǎng)老金，退休金”。

2. C7T1P1 Radar is an inaccurate term when referring to bats because _____ are not used in their navigation system.

解析：根據(jù)上下文定位到文中It is technically incorrect to talk about bat 'radar', since they do not use radio waves. 很顯然被動語態(tài)的主語在文中為主動語態(tài)的賓語，答案為radio waves。