而“地震”除了表達(dá)為earthquake及其縮略形式quake之外還可以說(shuō)temblor,這是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示“地震”的單詞。此外,由于此次地震造成的傷亡后果十分慘重,因此在修飾性詞匯方面,英語(yǔ)中用了多個(gè)不同單詞,如 massive/powerful/devastating/deadly/killer earthquake 。

與地震相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)還有很多。在關(guān)注地震奉獻(xiàn)愛(ài)心的時(shí)候,我們也可以通過(guò)閱讀英語(yǔ)新聞報(bào)道來(lái)掌握一些英語(yǔ)詞匯,豐富我們的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力,因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言是伴隨著特定的政治、社會(huì)等環(huán)境而產(chǎn)生的,具有明顯的社會(huì)性。

上文中的 worst-hit areas 指的就是此次地震災(zāi)害中受災(zāi)最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū),比如說(shuō)汶川,北川和青川等地。

此次汶川地震造成的嚴(yán)重后果之一就是大量人員、尤其是正在學(xué)校上學(xué)的孩子們被掩埋在建筑物坍塌之后的廢墟之中,在表示“廢墟”的時(shí)候,英語(yǔ)中通常使用debrisrubble這兩個(gè)單詞。

如美聯(lián)社的這篇報(bào)道提到:Rescuers saved a child from the debris of a school in the town of Beichuan 80 hours after the quake struck. They said they could hear weak calls for help from amid the rubble, Xinhua said.

其中,debris 所涵蓋的范圍比rubble 更廣泛,它可以泛指一切物體解體之后形成的碎片或者殘骸,比如說(shuō)飛機(jī)發(fā)生空難之后的殘骸the debris of a plane ,又如,The beach was littered with debris(海灘上到處都是殘?。?。必須指出的是,debris是不可數(shù)名詞。相對(duì)而言,rubble 用在此次地震災(zāi)難的報(bào)道中就更加具有針對(duì)性,因?yàn)樗硎荆ū粴У慕ㄖ锘驂Ρ冢┑乃槭?,碎磚,瓦礫,而汶川地震之后大量人員就是被掩埋在rubble之中的。Rubble 同樣也是不可數(shù)名詞。

此外,表示“倒塌的建筑物”時(shí)候,英語(yǔ)還經(jīng)常使用ruin,它是可數(shù)名詞,因此更經(jīng)常使用ruins這個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)形式,其搭配介詞是in 。

如美聯(lián)社的這一報(bào)道說(shuō):Two girls held handsin the ruins of their school and swore to each other they would not give up hope, Xinhua said.

在詞語(yǔ)搭配方面,除了ruin 之外,rubble和debris的搭配介詞也都是in,如buried in the rubble/debris 就是“被掩埋在廢墟 / 瓦礫之中”的意思。

如果表達(dá)“被困”在廢墟之中,那么,這時(shí)候的相應(yīng)單詞就是trap,其完整的詞組表達(dá)就是英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)式 be trapped in the debris 。

如美聯(lián)社的報(bào)道說(shuō):A Chinese state news agency says rescuers have pulled a student to safety afterbeing trapped for 80 hours in the debris of a school following this week's massive earthquake.

地震中的遇險(xiǎn)人員在遭到掩埋之后必定會(huì)呼救,這時(shí)候的對(duì)應(yīng)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)除了上文提到的call for help之外還可以是yell for help ,如美聯(lián)社報(bào)道說(shuō):Xinhua News Agency said Friday that rescuers could still hear weak yells for help from the collapsed building in Beichuan in the northern part of Sichuan and hope to rescue more students.

汶川大地震造成的災(zāi)難性后果之一就是許多學(xué)校的教學(xué)樓坍塌了,此次我國(guó)媒體報(bào)道的時(shí)候使用的詞語(yǔ)叫做 “垮塌”,在英語(yǔ)中,無(wú)論是坍塌還是垮塌,其實(shí)都是一個(gè)詞,即 collapse ,既是名詞,也是動(dòng)詞。

還是美聯(lián)社的同一篇報(bào)道中提到: In the town of Dujiangyan, a school collapse buried 900 students. In Wufu, nearly every building in the village withstood the quake but for a primary school, whose collapse killed some 300 students.

又如,美聯(lián)社新聞?wù)f,Experts said hope was quickly fading for anyone still caught in the wreckage of homes, schools, offices and factories that collapsed in the magnitude-7.9 quake, the most powerful in three decades in quake-prone China.