Working

How many times have you thought, "This job is going to kill me"? The truth is, you may have been right. For better or worse, a person's job plays a critical role in his or her mental and physical health. The good news is that there are some things about work that are good for you, too.
你多少次想過，“這個(gè)工作會(huì)要了我的命嗎？” 事實(shí)是，你可能是正確的。無論是好還是壞，一個(gè)人的工作在他或她的心理和身體健康起著至關(guān)重要的作用。好消息是，還有一些關(guān)于工作的事情對(duì)你有好處。

From increased risks of heart disease to longer life spans, the numerous drawbacks or benefits to health that come with working have been revealed by various studies across the globe.
從心臟疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加到壽命更長，全球各地的各項(xiàng)研究揭示了工作對(duì)健康的許多缺點(diǎn)或好處。

Here are eight ways your job, including your decision to hold onto it or leave it, affect your health:
這里有八種工作方式，包括你要堅(jiān)持或去職的決定，都會(huì)影響你的健康：

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Early retirement

Early retirement
提前退休

Many men yearn for a retirement filled with travel, golf and relaxation, but they might want to think twice before ending their career for good.
許多人都向往退休后充分享受旅游、高爾夫球場和休閑的樂趣，但在結(jié)束自己的職業(yè)生涯前最好還是三思而后行。

A study by Austrian researchers revealed that men who retire early have an increased risk of dying before age 67. According to the research, this can be attributed to the negative health habits adopted by retirees, including smoking, drinking, unhealthy eating and infrequent exercise.
奧地利研究人員進(jìn)行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，提早退休的人在67歲前死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。根據(jù)該項(xiàng)研究，這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的原因可能是退休人員染上的不良健康習(xí)慣，包括吸煙、酗酒、不健康飲食和缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)。

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Sticking with a job you hate

Sticking with a job you hate
困在你討厭的工作里

Plugging along in a hated job can damage more than an employee's mental health.Research published in the Human Relations journal found that employees who stayed at organizations out of either obligation or a perceived lack of other job options were more likely than other employees to experience physical health problems, including symptoms of exhaustion, stress and burnout.
被討厭的工作困住，可能不僅僅會(huì)有害于雇員的精神健康。在《人類關(guān)系》雜志發(fā)表的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，出于義務(wù)或明顯缺乏其他工作選擇而留在機(jī)構(gòu)中的員工，比其他員工更可能會(huì)遭遇身體健康問題，包括疲憊、壓力和倦怠等癥狀。

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Working overtime

Working overtime
加班工作

An old saying maintains a little hard work never killed anyone, but research shows that might not be true.
一句老話認(rèn)為多干點(diǎn)活累不死人，但研究表明這可能不正確。

A European study found working overtime can be bad for an employee's heart. Those who worked at least 10 hours a day had a 60 percent higher risk of heart-related problems, such as death due to heart disease or a nonfatal heart attack, than those who didn't work overtime.
歐洲的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，超時(shí)工作可能對(duì)雇員的心臟不好。那些每天工作至少10小時(shí)的員工比那些不加班的員工有心臟問題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高出60％，如因心臟疾病和非致命性心臟病發(fā)作而導(dǎo)致的死亡。

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Commuting

Commuting
上下班通勤

The act of simply getting to work can take its toll on employees' health.
上班這種簡單的工作行為可能對(duì)員工的健康造成危害。

A study published in the BMC Public Health journal reveals that workers who get to work by train, car or bus have more adverse health effects than workers who ride their bikes or walk. The research shows commuters suffered more incidences of negative perceived general health, which resulted in an increased number of absences from work.
在生物醫(yī)學(xué)中心（BMC）《公共衛(wèi)生》雜志發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究表明，乘火車、汽車或公共汽車去上班的工人比那些騎自行車或步行上班的工人更容易出現(xiàn)不良健康問題。研究表明，通勤員工出現(xiàn)負(fù)健康的發(fā)生率更高，從而導(dǎo)致缺勤人數(shù)的增加。

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Long-term unemployment

Long-term unemployment
長期失業(yè)

Just having a job can be good for a person's emotional well-being.
只要有工作就可能對(duì)一個(gè)人的情緒健康有好處。

Research presented during a congressional briefing on the psychological benefits of employment and the impact of joblessness revealed long-term unemployment can trigger mental health issues.
在國會(huì)簡報(bào)中提出的關(guān)于就業(yè)心理優(yōu)勢和失業(yè)影響的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，長期失業(yè)會(huì)誘發(fā)心理健康問題。

The study shows those who were unemployed for more than 25 weeks in the past year were more likely than their employed counterparts to experience mental health issues for the first time.
研究表明，那些在過去一年失業(yè)超過25周的人比在業(yè)的同類人更可能遇到第一次心理健康問題。

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The afternoon nap

The afternoon nap
午睡

Keeping employees from taking a regular afternoon nap, as most jobs do, could cause heart problems. A study published in the journal Archives of Internal Medicine found that half-hour siestas boost heart health and help prevent deadly cardiovascular disease.
不讓員工定時(shí)午休，大多數(shù)工作都是如此，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟問題?！秲?nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)檔案》雜志公布的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，半小時(shí)的午休可提高心臟健康，并有助于預(yù)防致命的心血管疾病。

According to the research, working men showed the greatest benefits from a little daily shuteye, no matter the number of naps or their duration, with a 64 percent lower risk of death from heart disease than those who didn't nap.
根據(jù)該項(xiàng)研究，男性工作者從每天小憩獲得的好處最多，不管小睡次數(shù)或持續(xù)時(shí)間，死于心臟疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比那些不午睡的人降低64％。

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Friends at work

Friends at work
工作朋友

While it has been generally established that people with active social lives live longer, that also applies to employees in the workplace. According to research published in the Health Psychology journal, employees who believe they have the personal support of their peers at work are more likely to live a longer life.
人們普遍認(rèn)為社交生活活躍的人壽命更長，這同樣適用于工作場所的員工。根據(jù)發(fā)表在《健康心理學(xué)》雜志的研究，那些認(rèn)為自己在工作中能得到其同類人支持的員工更有可能活的更久。

Researchers followed the health records of adults who worked an average of 8.8 hours a day through a two-decade period. Those who reported having low social support at work were more than two times more likely to die sometime within those 20 years.
研究人員追蹤了那些在二十年時(shí)間內(nèi)平均每天工作8.8小時(shí)的成年人的健康記錄。報(bào)告表明在這20年里，工作中鮮有社交支持的人的死亡概率是正常的兩倍多。

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Sucking up to the boss

Sucking up to the boss
拍上司馬屁

Depending how it's done, employees who suck up to the boss could be helping or hurting their mental health.
拍老板馬屁的員工即可能有助于也可能有害于自己的心理健康，關(guān)鍵是如何做。

A study published in the Journal of Management Studies suggests that politically savvy professionals who use kissing up to an employer as a way to enhance their standing in the office may avoid the psychological stress felt by those who aren't as shrewd about their workplace behavior.
在《管理學(xué)研究》雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究表明，政治上精明的專業(yè)人士把取悅老板當(dāng)成提高自己辦公室地位的一種方式，或許他們這樣做可以避免那些不精于工作場所行為的人所感受到的心理壓力。
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