三、圖表寫(xiě)作常用語(yǔ)言

1、描述數(shù)字比較的常用句型及詞匯

談?wù)摂?shù)字比較的技巧：

a、兩者的比較

尋求一個(gè)切入點(diǎn)（比較大的值），隨后與另一個(gè)值進(jìn)行比較。通過(guò)數(shù)值強(qiáng)調(diào)比較的差值。比較有三種表示方法：

第一種：直接展示法

e.g. 王浩 6:7馬琳 （The score of Mr. Wang is 6, compared with 7, that of Mr. Ma. ）

第二種：減法subtraction (more, less, fewer)

The score of Mr. Ma is 7, 1 more than that of Mr. Wang. 7 = 1+(6)

第三種：尋找倍數(shù) times

e.g. Mr. Chow’s IQ 80: 160 Mr. foot‘s IQ

Mr. Foot’s IQ reaches 160, 2 times (double) Mr. Chow’s IQ.

Mr. Wang Yi’s popularity 20%: 10% Mr. Tao’s popularity

Water consumption in Brazil and Congo in 2000

Country

Population

Irrigated land

Water consumption per person

Brazil

176 million

26,500 km2

359 m3

Democratic Republic of Congo

5.2 million

100 km2

8 m3

In 2000, the water consumption per person of Brazil with 176 million people reached 359 m3, compared with 8 m3, that of Democratic Republic of Congo at the population of 5.2 million. The area of irrigated land in the former was found 26,500 km2, 265 times that of the latter.

NB：在描述的過(guò)程中，始終要記得名詞需要配合量詞使用（因?yàn)榉?wù)對(duì)象是數(shù)字）。此外，因?yàn)楸容^同樣的對(duì)象，因此比較的前后在詞性必須保持一致。如：The percentage of Brazil is more than Congo.這樣的句子就是一種錯(cuò)誤。

b、三者或三者以上的比較

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Family type

Proportion of people from each

household type living in poverty

single aged person

aged couple

single, no children

couple, no children

sole parent

couple with children

all households

?6％（54，000）

?4％（48，000）

?19％（359，000）

? 7％（211，000）

?21％（232，000）

?12％（933，000）

??? 11％（1，837，000）

題目特點(diǎn)：比較數(shù)值眾多（3者以上，應(yīng)用最高級(jí)），基線明顯（黑體字，起作用是其他的數(shù)值的比較對(duì)象，并幫助我們進(jìn)行數(shù)字分類(lèi)）。

所有的數(shù)值代表的是在某一種特定的家庭中貧困人數(shù)的比例 (The percentage of people from … in poverty)

來(lái)自所有家庭中貧困的比例達(dá)到11%，其對(duì)應(yīng)equivalent to 大概1.8 million。在單身和單親家庭中貧困人數(shù)的比例，最高的兩個(gè)，相當(dāng)于上面平均值the above average的2倍，但是在兩者中有孩子的家庭貧困比率達(dá)到21%，比沒(méi)有孩子的家庭高了2%。相似的，那些有孩子的雙親家庭的比例是12%，略高于平均值，要比沒(méi)有孩子的雙親家庭的比例高出了5%，明顯低于平均值。在所有的家庭種類(lèi)中，那些有老年人的家庭貧困的比例最低分別是6%和4%，并且有兩個(gè)老年人的貧困家庭比例更低些。
The percentage of people from all household in poverty reaches 11%, equivalent to nearly 1.8 million. That of poor single family without children and sole-parent family, the top two, is about double 11%, but that of the latter, 21%, higher 2% than that of the former. Similarly, the percentage of people from couple-with-children family in poverty is 12%, slightly higher than the average, more 5% than that of couple-without-children family, lower than the average. Of all family types, those with aged people have the lowest percentage in poverty, 4% and 6%, and the proportion with aged couple is lower.