四、根據(jù)語態(tài)辨析

三者在表示“花費”時,cost 不能用于被動語態(tài),take 通常不用于被動語態(tài),而 spend 則可以用于被動語態(tài)。如:

誤:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
誤:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做這工作花了兩個小時。

五、根據(jù)引申義辨析

三者均可用于比喻用法中,但含義不同:
1. cost 指付出代價(勞力、麻煩、精力、生命等)。如:粗心開車會要你的命。Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 給他打個電話,這不費什么事。
2. spend 表示“表示消耗”“用完”。如:I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不會再和他費唇舌。He spent great efforts to help me. 他費了很大的勁兒來幫我。
3. take 表示需要人力(精力、勞力等)。如:It takes patience. 做這工作需要耐心。It takes two to make a quarrel. 一個巴掌拍不響。It took three men to lift the box. 抬這個箱子要 3 個人。