?worth, worthy, worthwhile 這三個詞均可表示“值得的”,由于它們詞形相近,意義相似,所以許多同學(xué)經(jīng)常將其用混。本文擬以它們的用法區(qū)別作一比較和區(qū)分,供同學(xué)們參考。

一、從句法功能上看一、從句法功能上看worth 通常只用作表語,不用于名詞前作定語;worthy 和 worthwhile 可用作表語和定語。如:It isn’t worth the trouble. 不值得費那個事。He is a worthy gentleman. 他是位值得尊敬的紳士。他是位值得尊敬的紳士。His behavior is worthy of great praise. 他的行為值得高度贊揚。They achieved a very worthwhile result. 他們?nèi)〉昧撕苡袃r值的成果。
We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets. 我們等了很久,但還算值得,因為我們把票買到了。

?二、從所使用的修飾語來看worth 習(xí)慣上不用 very 修飾(要表示類似意思可用 well),而 worthy 和 worthwhile 則可以用副詞very修飾。如:veryThat is very worthy of our attention. 那件事很值得我們注意。Nursing is a very worthwhile career. 護(hù)理工作是很值得干的職業(yè)。但習(xí)慣上不說:The work is very worth doing. (very 應(yīng)改為 well)

三、從搭配習(xí)慣來看

1. 有關(guān) be worth 的搭配習(xí)慣

(1) be worth后可直接跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。如:The picture is worth $ 500. 這幅畫值500 美元。The clock is hardly worth repairing. 這臺鐘簡直不值得修理。What is worth doing is worth doing well. 值得干的事就得干好。注意:其后可接動名詞,不能接不定式,且接動名詞時,總是用主動形式表示被動意義。

(2) 在現(xiàn)代英語中,在be worth前使用形式主語it被認(rèn)為是合習(xí)慣的。如:It isn’t worth repairing the car. 這輛汽車不值得修了。Is it worth visiting the city? 這個城市值得去看嗎? 但是,若不用形式主語it而直接用動名詞作主語則是錯誤的,如:誤:Repairing the car is worth.?

(3) 在be worth doing 結(jié)構(gòu)中,除非句首用了形式主語it,否則句子主語總應(yīng)是其動名詞的邏輯賓語;若其中的動詞不及物,應(yīng)考慮加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如:Nothing he said was worth listening to. 他說的話沒有一句值得聽。She’s not worth getting angry with. 犯不上跟她生氣。

2. 有關(guān) be worthy 的搭配習(xí)慣。

(1) be worthy 后不能直接跟名詞、代詞或動名詞,若要接,應(yīng)借助介詞 of。如:Their efforts are worthy of your support. 他們的努力應(yīng)得到你的支持。? Her behavior is worthy of praise. 她的行為是值得贊揚的。

(2) 與be worth后只接動名詞不接不定式不同,be worthy后不接動名詞,而接不定式(若該不定式要表示被動意義,則應(yīng)用被動形式)。如:He is worthy to receive such honor. 他應(yīng)該得到這種榮譽。This suggestion is worthy to be considered. 這個建議值得考慮。

(3) 若要在be worthy后接動名詞,與后接名詞時的情形一樣,應(yīng)借助介詞of,且該動名詞若要表示被動意義,要用被動形式。如:He is worthy of filling [=to fill] the post. 這個職位他當(dāng)之無愧。This suggestion is worthy of being considered [=to be considered]. 這個建議值得考慮。

3. 有關(guān) be worthwhile 的搭配習(xí)慣的搭配習(xí)慣

(1) be worthwhile 后接動名詞或不定式均可。如:It is worthwhile buying the dictionary. 這本詞典值得買。(其中的 worthwhile 也可換成 worth)It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again. 這個計劃值得再討論一次。worthwhile 不能換成 worth,因為其后接用了不定式)

(2) 有時可將worthwhile分開寫,此時也可在其中加上one’s。如:
I’d think it worth while to go. 我認(rèn)為值得去。

I’d think it worth while to go. Do you think it’s worth while quarrelling with me?你認(rèn)為與我吵值得嗎?Would you like to do some gardening for me? I’ll make it worth your while. 你愿意在我的花園里干些活嗎? 我不會虧待你的。It is worth your while visiting [to visit] the museum. 這個博物館值得你去看看。按傳統(tǒng)語法,It is worth (one’s) while to do sth [doing sth] 結(jié)構(gòu)必須用it作形式主語,其中的不定式或動名詞做句子的真正主語。

四、一句多譯在很多情況下,同一個意思可用幾種不同的形式表達(dá)。如:那個地方值得一去。正:The place is worth a visit.正:The place is worthy of a visit.正:The place is worth visiting.正:It is worth visiting the place.正:The place is worthy of being visited.正:The place is worthy to be visited.正:It is worthwhile visiting the place.正:It is worthwhile to visit the place.