高考英語完形填空答題方法

高考英語完形填空答題方法 一、語境推測(cè)法近幾年高考英語完形填空題的最大特點(diǎn)是——重點(diǎn)考查語境。所謂語境，就是指文章的上下文，它包括文章語氣的一致性、意思的連貫性、表述的合理性、論證的邏輯性等。所以考生在做題時(shí)，一定要從整體上把握文章內(nèi)容，區(qū)分文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次和文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，同時(shí)認(rèn)真比較所給選項(xiàng)，并從中選最符合語境的答案。

二、語法分析法盡管近幾年的高考完形填空主要考查考生對(duì)語境的理解，很少(或幾乎不)考查純語法知識(shí)，但是借助語法分析來幫助理解句子、推測(cè)語境、判斷搭配等，這卻是必不可少的。所以，考生在遇到疑難復(fù)雜的句子時(shí)，應(yīng)充分利用所學(xué)語法知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析處理，以免因理解上的差錯(cuò)而選錯(cuò)答案。

三、常識(shí)推斷法語境的判斷在許多情況下需借助but, however 之類的表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語，情況則可能完全相反，如人累了卻不休息；車在轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，車速卻偏要加快等。

四、習(xí)語搭配法英語中，一些固定的句型和短語結(jié)構(gòu)既是學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，也是完形填空的一個(gè)?？伎键c(diǎn)。做題時(shí)應(yīng)注意所填空之詞與空格前后詞語的習(xí)慣搭配。如2004年春季高考的第3空：I started surfing about five years ago and ___3___ in love with the sport on the very first day.
3. A. stayed?????????????????????? B. came?????????????????????????? C. dropped??????????? D. fell
此題應(yīng)選D，因?yàn)閒all in love with 是習(xí)慣搭配，意為“愛上”、“喜歡上”。

五、比較擇優(yōu)法即根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和上下文的情景，通過比較所給選項(xiàng)，從中選出最佳答案。

六、錯(cuò)誤排除法有些題目通過正面的選擇一時(shí)難以確定最佳選項(xiàng)，可嘗試使用排除法，即從文章語境、詞語搭配、語法結(jié)構(gòu)、習(xí)慣用法、詞義辨析等方面，對(duì)選項(xiàng)逐項(xiàng)分析比較，排除干擾項(xiàng)，從而確定正確答案。

七、先易后難法
由于完形填空題是在一篇短文中挖去一些詞，且絕大多數(shù)是一些實(shí)詞，所以文章讀起來肯定有一些難度?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)，千萬不能不分難易地把所有試題一次搞定，而應(yīng)嘗試使用先易后難的方法。即順著文章思路，根據(jù)自己對(duì)文章的理解，一邊讀一邊把容易做的、有把握的先做好，對(duì)于一時(shí)沒有把握的難題，可以暫時(shí)跳過去或初擬一個(gè)答案，說不定后面會(huì)有對(duì)這道題的提示。把容易的做好后，文章空格也隨之減少，整篇文章的意思也就會(huì)變得更清晰，這時(shí)難題也許就會(huì)變?yōu)橐最}了。

下面請(qǐng)看一篇實(shí)例分析：Susan Cleveland is the young president of a candy company in the city of Chicago. Her father began the company in the 1960’s. He died three years ago. Now, the company belongs to Susan.Susan, ___1___, did not have any jobs before becoming head of the company. She just finished the college.The employees(雇員) became ___2___ concerned during Susan’s first months ___3___ the job. Mr Cleveland had been a ___4___ leader. But Susan permitted ___5___ employees to make their own ___6___. One employee said, “Old Mr Cleveland ___7___ told us what to do. He kept people on a short leash. ___8___ the company did well. What does a “short leash” mean? A leash is a kind of rope. We use a leash ___9___ our pet dogs. The leash keeps the dog from ___10___ away ___11___ getting into trouble.Keeping a person on a short leash means keeping him or her ___12___ close control. The person can’t make many decisions for himself or herself. Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get ___14___ ways to do business. For example, her secretary proposed(建議) an idea. She said the company should ___15___ a sum of money as a prize to the best students in the high school ___16___ the factory. The winner could use the prize money to study at a university. Ms Cleveland ___17___ the idea. After the prize was announced, ___18___ who lived in the area of the factorversityy began to buy ___19___ of the company抯 candy. Local newspapers wrote about the competition. Business ___20___.Ms Cleveland made her secretary the company抯 first Director of Public Relations. The former secretary was very pleased.
1. A. but??????????????????? B. yet??????????????????????? C. so?????????????????????? D. however
2. A. so little?????????????? B. even less?????????????? C. even more??????????? D. no more
3. A. on????????????????????? B. in???????????????????????? C. for????????????????????? D. at
4. A. weak????????????????? B. strong????????????????? C. kind???????????????????? D. clever
5. A. no????????????????????? B. a? few????????????????? C. few???????????????????? D. many
6. A. products???????????? B. candies???????????????? C. decisions???????????? D. plans
7. A. never????????????????? B. always???????????????? C. seldom???????????????? D. did
8. A. Although???????????? B. Because?????????????? C. Otherwise???????????? D. But
9. A. to walk?????????????? B. to use????????????????? C. to frighten???????????? D. to play
10. A. stepping??????????? B. pulling???????????????? C. running????????????????? D. jumping
11. A. in???????????????????? B. for????????????????????? C. when???????????????????? D. or
12. A. in???????????????????? B. on?????????????????????? C. for??????????????????????? D. under
13. A. Still????????????????? B. Yet????????????????????? C. Instead????????????????? D. While
14. A. other??????????????? B. more??????????????????? C. many???????????????????? D. better
15. A. save???????????????? B. offer??????????????????? C. get??????????????????????? D. lend
16. A. belonging to????? B. far from?????????????? C. near?????????????????????? D. in
17. A. studied???????????? B. appreciated?????????? C. refused?????????????????? D. changed
18. A. students?????????? B. workers??????????????? C. businessmen?????????? D. people?
19. A. some?????????????? B. little????????????????????? C. more?????????????????????? D. less
20. A. improved???????? B. failed???????????????????? C. continued??????????? D. stopped

答案解析：本文敘述年輕的 Susan 接任總經(jīng)理，所采取的管理措施與她爸爸的大不相同，她敢于采納不同意見，使公司的效益越來越好。
1. D? 根據(jù)后文可知“在她任公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)前沒有任何工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，和上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
2. C? 根據(jù)下文判斷，新的總經(jīng)理對(duì)雇員“更加”關(guān)心。
3. A? on the job 是習(xí)語，意思是“當(dāng)班、任職”。
4. B? 根據(jù)下文的 the company did well 可知 Mr? Cleveland strong leader。
5. D? 根據(jù)下文的敘述可判斷是“許多”雇員。
6. C? make one抯 decision(作出決定)是固定短語。7. B? 根據(jù)上文所述新經(jīng)理總是讓雇員作出自己的決定，而 Old Mr Cleveland“總是”告訴他們?cè)趺崔k。
8. D? 根據(jù)上下文可知此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用 but。9. A? walk a dog 意為“遛狗”。
10. C? 根據(jù)句意：皮帶是用來防止狗跑開，因此選 running，run away 意思是“跑開、跑掉”。
11. D? 表示兩者的選擇用 or。。
12. D? “在……控制之下”用介詞 under。
13.C? 根據(jù)前后句子的邏輯關(guān)系是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland 根據(jù)前后句子的邏輯關(guān)系是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是把工人用帶子捆綁起來(沒有任何自由)，而她不那樣，相反(instead) , 她鼓勵(lì)雇員……”。
14. D? 根據(jù)前面的 encourage 來判斷答案，她鼓勵(lì)雇員們尋求“更好的”方法把生意做好。
15. B? 根據(jù)后面的 a sum of money as a prize 判斷答案，提供(offer)一定數(shù)量的錢作為獎(jiǎng)賞。
16. C? 根據(jù)常識(shí)，一般是為在工廠16. C? “附近”的學(xué)校學(xué)生提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。
17. B? 從下文公司效益提高了來看，她對(duì)其秘書的這個(gè)主意很“欣賞(appreciated)”。
18. D? 根據(jù)定語從句判斷答案，指住在工廠區(qū)的“人們(people)”。
19. C? 與以前比較，賣的糖果“更多”了。
20.根據(jù)上文，報(bào)紙給予宣傳，群眾買糖果的多了，因此生意紅火了，效益提高了。

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