? 單項(xiàng)填空題表面看起來(lái)非常簡(jiǎn)單,但要想做好,也不容易,除了具有一定的語(yǔ)言基本功,還需有一套行之有效的答題技巧。下面是做單項(xiàng)填空經(jīng)常用到的八種方法:

一、排除法排除法是根據(jù)題干中提供的信息,結(jié)合平時(shí)所學(xué)過(guò)的有把握的知識(shí),逐一去掉錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng),最后得出正確答案的方法。這是我們平時(shí)用的最多的一種方法。如:排除法是根據(jù)題干中提供的信息,結(jié)合平時(shí)所學(xué)過(guò)的有把握的知識(shí),逐一去掉錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng),最后得出正確答案的方法。這是我們平時(shí)用的最多的一種方法。如:1. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ____ half of it.(全國(guó)卷)A. was missing?? B. had missed????? C. will miss???????? D. missed【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)的提示,可知應(yīng)用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài),故排除C;而選項(xiàng)B是過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”;選項(xiàng)A是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作;均與題目不符,應(yīng)排除。故答案為D。句意為“我的心思沒(méi)在他說(shuō)的話上,所以,我恐怕他說(shuō)的話有一半我沒(méi)聽全”。2. What surprised me was not what he said but????????? he said it. (湖北卷)A. the way????????? B. in the way that?? C. in the way?? D. the way which【解析】根據(jù)not …but前后連接并列成分及名詞性從句what he said,可排除選項(xiàng)B和C;當(dāng)先行詞是the way時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞可用that, in which或省略不填,可排除D,故答案為A。。3. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _____ a native speaker. (上海卷)A. as fluent as????????????????????? B. more fluent than C. so fluently as????????????????? D. much fluently than【解析】根據(jù)前一句“他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得的確好”可知本題是考查副詞的比較等級(jí),故排除選項(xiàng)A和B;選項(xiàng)D的構(gòu)成不正確,應(yīng)排除。故答案為C。意為“但是當(dāng)然不如說(shuō)本族語(yǔ)的人說(shuō)得N-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">“”。

二、代入法有些題目是在固定詞組、習(xí)慣搭配或常見句型中挖去某個(gè)組成部分,設(shè)置為空白。我們有的放矢地把所給選項(xiàng)代入題干,通過(guò)驗(yàn)證,選取語(yǔ)法正確、語(yǔ)義貼切、符合語(yǔ)境的最佳選項(xiàng)。我們把此法稱之為代入法。代入法也可用于有規(guī)律可循的題目。如: ew Roman'">有些題目是在固定詞組、習(xí)慣搭配或常見句型中挖去某個(gè)組成部分,設(shè)置為空白。我們有的放矢地把所給選項(xiàng)代入題干,通過(guò)驗(yàn)證,選取語(yǔ)法正確、語(yǔ)義貼切、符合語(yǔ)境的最佳選項(xiàng)。我們把此法稱之為代入法。代入法也可用于有規(guī)律4. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week _________ TV. (上海卷)A. to watch??????????? B. to watching????????????? C. watching?????????? D. watch【解析】答案為C。spend + 時(shí)間+ (in) doing sth 為固定短語(yǔ),意為“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”,其中的介詞in可以省略。5. The accident is reported to have occurred __________ the first Sunday in February. (5.上海卷)A. at???????? B. on????????? C. in?????????? D. to【解析】答案為B。本題考查表示時(shí)間的at, in, on的用法區(qū)別。at 表示時(shí)間的一點(diǎn),指片刻的時(shí)間;in表示時(shí)間的一段,還表示一段時(shí)間之后。一般情況下,早上、下午、晚上都用介詞in;on用在具體的某天,如on Monday,on Christmas Eve,on May Day等。當(dāng)表示具體的時(shí)間,如某天的早上、下午、晚上或前面有形容詞修飾時(shí),也要用on。6. ______ students are required to take part in the boat race. (浙江卷)A. Ten strong young Chinese????? B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong?????? D. Young strong ten Chineight-rule: exactly">C. Chinese ten young stronese 【解析】答案為A。多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),排列順序通常是關(guān)系最密切的離名詞最緊。我們平時(shí)常用“九字令(限、描、大、形、齡、顏、籍、物、類)”,即:限定詞+ 一般描述性形容詞+ 一般描述性形容詞大小 / 長(zhǎng)短 / 高低 + 形狀 + 年齡 / 新舊 + 顏色 + 國(guó)籍 / 地區(qū) / 出處+ 材料+ 用途 / 類別。7. ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海卷)A. Not only they brought?????????? B. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought they????????? D. Not only they did bring 【解析】 答案為B。當(dāng)not only…but also…句型中的not only位于句首時(shí),前面分句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。但不要憑印象,認(rèn)為倒裝就是主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)位置的簡(jiǎn)單交換。當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)部分是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),要借助于助動(dòng)詞,構(gòu)成do / did / does+ 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

三、分析法是針對(duì)具體問(wèn)題,靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)分析判斷,得出答案。有的題目通過(guò)剖析題干結(jié)構(gòu),找出所設(shè)空白在整個(gè)句子中所作的成分,如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等,再根據(jù)所給選項(xiàng)的基本用法就可得出答案。有的題目還需要根據(jù)空白與所修飾的成分或者整個(gè)句子的關(guān)系,才能確定其適當(dāng)形式。此法常適用于語(yǔ)法考查類題目。如:8. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place. (浙江卷)A. when???????????? B. where??????????? C. what??????????? D. which【解析】答案為D。關(guān)系代詞替代先行詞必須在定語(yǔ)從句中作一定的成分,因此“缺什么成分填什么成分”是答定語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)題目的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵。題目中的先行詞that evening雖然指時(shí)間,但在定語(yǔ)從句中不作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),不能用when。所填的詞應(yīng)該作介詞about的賓語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)該用
9. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only________ the film stars had left. (福建卷)
A. to tell???????? B. to be told?????????? C. telling??????????????? D. told
【解析】該題的考查目標(biāo)為不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的用法。作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式常表示沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的即預(yù)料之外的情況或結(jié)果;而分詞常表示一種自然而然的即預(yù)料之中的結(jié)果。根據(jù)句意“記者匆匆地趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng),有人告知電影明星已經(jīng)離開了”可知應(yīng)該用不定式;又因?yàn)榫渥拥闹髡Z(yǔ)The news reporters與動(dòng)詞tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故答案為B。

四、還原法有些題目是以疑問(wèn)句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)等形式出現(xiàn)的,如果還原其本來(lái)面目,變?yōu)檎UZ(yǔ)序或主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),答案便可一目了然。此法是解疑難單選題的一把鑰匙。
10. It was????????? back home after the experiment. (湖北卷))
A. not until midnight did he go??????????? B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went??????? D. until midnight when he didn’t go
【解析】將強(qiáng)調(diào)句還原為陳述語(yǔ)序:He didn’t go back home after the experiment until midnight. 當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是not…until句型中的until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要將not放在until的前面?;揪涫綖镮t is / was + not until…that…。故答案為C。

五、化簡(jiǎn)法有些題目是命題者有意在題干中加入了從句或插入語(yǔ)等,使主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)、或主句與從句的位置分隔,人為地增加了試題難度。如果去掉干擾部分,題干結(jié)構(gòu)就變得簡(jiǎn)單明了,從而化難為易。
11. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,??????? , of course , made the others envy him. (天津卷)
A. who??????????????????? B. that????????????? C. what?? sp;????? B. that &nbs???????? D. which
【解析】答案為D。做題時(shí)略去插入語(yǔ)of course這個(gè)干擾成分,從句中的逗號(hào)得到提示,可知本題考查的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞,故不用that。關(guān)系代詞 which 代表前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,并在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。句意為“海倫對(duì)她的小兒子比對(duì)其他兒子好得多,當(dāng)然,這使其他兒子很嫉妒他”。

六、補(bǔ)全法有些題目有意在題干中挖去了一些成分,我們?nèi)绻苎a(bǔ)上所缺少的部分,就能識(shí)破命題者所設(shè)的“陷阱”,從而找到答題的突破口,便能有效地提高答題的正確率。
12. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (湖北卷)湖北卷
A. Compare???????????????? B. When comparing?????? C. Comparing?????????????? D. When compared
【解析】答案為D。當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且有動(dòng)詞be的時(shí),特別是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是it is / was 時(shí),主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)??墒÷?,只保留從句中的必要部分。本句子的主語(yǔ)the biggest ocean時(shí),主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞compare是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。補(bǔ)全選項(xiàng)D的省略成分為When it is compared。句意為“和整個(gè)地球相比,最大的海洋好像一點(diǎn)兒也不大了”。
13. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ it—you’ve got some big bills coming. (廣東卷)
A. forget??? B. forgot??????????? C. forgetting??????? D. to forget
【解析】if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,因此句中的better是主句You’d better的省略。had better后面跟動(dòng)詞原形,故答案為A。

七、對(duì)照法從近幾年高考題來(lái)看,根據(jù)句意和選項(xiàng)的意思就能得出答案的題目也占了一定比例。此類題目大多考查動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞及短語(yǔ)的詞義辨析。在讀懂句意的前提下,把所給選項(xiàng)的意思或用法與句意對(duì)照,意思相同或相近者即為正確答案。如:
14. John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been???????? by a heavy storm. (遼寧卷)
A. kept??????????????? B. stopped????????? C. slowed????????? D. delayed
【解析】句意為“約翰業(yè)務(wù)會(huì)議遲到了,因?yàn)樗陌鄼C(jī)被暴風(fēng)雨耽誤了”。所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中delay意為“推遲;耽擱”,符合句意,因此答案為D。。
15. Before the war broke out, many people?????? in safe places possessions they could not take with them. (重慶卷)
A. threw away???? B. put away??????? C. gave away?????? D. carried away
【解析】句意為“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)前,許多人把他們不能帶走的財(cái)產(chǎn)存放在安全的地方”。 throw away意為“扔掉、丟棄”;put away意為“放好、儲(chǔ)存……備用”;give away意為“送掉、分發(fā)、放棄”;carry away意為“運(yùn)走”。所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有put away符合句意,故答案為put awayB。??
16. He got to the station early,____________ missing his train. (江蘇卷)
A. in case of?????? B. instead of???????? C. for fear of?????? D. in search of
【解析】句意為“為了避免誤了火車,他早一點(diǎn)到達(dá)車站”。in case of 意為“如果;萬(wàn)一”;instead of意為“代替; 代替而不是”;for fear of 意為“為了避免, 害怕”;in search of意為“尋找“”。因此答案為C。

八、綜合法從歷屆高考單項(xiàng)填空題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來(lái)看,命題者越來(lái)越注重考查學(xué)生的思維判斷能力。因此題目的設(shè)置不可能都是單純用某種方法就可得出答案,大多題目需要綜合運(yùn)用多種方法,逐步推出最后結(jié)論。如:
17. ____straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it. (湖北卷)
A. Go???????????????? B. Going???????????? C. If you go?????? D. When going
【解析】首先根據(jù)句中的并列連詞and分析,前面部分應(yīng)該是句子,因此不可能是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故排除選項(xiàng)B和D;如果把a(bǔ)nd改為逗號(hào),則答案為C。因此判斷出此句式是“祈使句+and+ 簡(jiǎn)單句”,其中的祈使句作用相當(dāng)于”if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故本題的答案應(yīng)該是A。
18. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (廣東卷)
A. Not completing??????? B. Not completed C. Not having completed?? D. Having not completed
【解析】答案為C。首先根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“not+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”排除選項(xiàng)D;再通過(guò)分析所給的動(dòng)詞complete與句子的主語(yǔ)they之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,排除theyB;非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前,故用完成式。因此答案為C。
19. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say? (上海卷)
A. What is it that????????????????? B. What it is that?????????? C. How is it that???????????????? D. How it is that
【解析】答案為A。首先把選項(xiàng)代入題干并還原為陳述句:it is what / how that you want me to say,再根據(jù)及物動(dòng)詞say后面接賓語(yǔ),排除C和D;再代入強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu):特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is / was +it + that / who / whom +句子其余部分?便知答案為A。此方法比較麻煩,但準(zhǔn)確率高。也可以先代入后分析排除。解題無(wú)定法。我們以上只是列舉了常用的幾種方法,各種方法之間沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的界限,不能機(jī)械地死搬硬套,同一個(gè)題目可以用不同的方法去解答,請(qǐng)同學(xué)們務(wù)必靈活運(yùn)用。不論用哪種方法,目標(biāo)是一致的,那就是得出結(jié)論——最佳答案。如:最佳答案。如:
20. —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. —You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it. (湖南卷)
A. shan’t?? B. might not???? C. needn’t???? D. shouldn’t
【解析】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞共同的語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)是必須和動(dòng)詞原形連用,因此從語(yǔ)法角度四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可,但根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“如果你不愛(ài)護(hù)它,我就不許你用我的電腦“”可知最佳答案為A。shall用于陳述句第二、三人稱, 表示說(shuō)話者的意圖、允諾、警告、命令等, 主語(yǔ)的行動(dòng)受講話者支配。