掌握熟練的解題技巧可以使你如虎添翼。解單項填空題行之有效的高分技巧有如下幾種:

1. 重視分析題干的句子結(jié)構(gòu)

命題者有意設(shè)置較為復雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu),旨在增加干擾因素,加大試題難度,提高區(qū)分度。在解題時一定要從注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手,弄清命題人的意圖,從而順利解題。命題者常用的干擾方式有以下幾種:

(1) 使用疑問句、倒裝句、強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)等形式避開考生熟悉的結(jié)構(gòu)

Whom would you like to have________ with you to the party?

A. go???? B. to go??? C. going??? D. gone?

解析:本題含有 have sb do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)。但是,由于題干以疑問句的形式出現(xiàn),容易使部分考生誤選 B。把題干變?yōu)殛愂鼍浣Y(jié)構(gòu)即為:You would like to have whom go with you to the party. 因此,最佳答案為 A。

Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say? (上海卷)

A. What is it that????? B. What it is that?????

C. How is it that??? D. How it is that

解析:題干為強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),可還原為:What do you want me to say? 把疑問詞放在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,陳述句為:It is what that you want me to say,然后把主句變?yōu)樘厥庖蓡柧浼礊轭}干,故最佳答案為 A。

(2) 使用插入語將主語和謂語分開,造成主謂語分隔

I think Tom, rather than you, ___________.

A. is? to blame???? B. are to blame?? C. is to be blamed???? D. are to be blamed

解析:題意為“我認為該受責備的是湯姆,而不是你”。句中的 rather than you 為插入語,be to blame 用主動表示被動。故最佳答案為 A。

—How do you________ we go to Beijing for our holidays?

—I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. (福建卷)

A. insist???????????????? B. want???????????????? C. suppose?????????????????? D. suggest

解析:題干為混合疑問句:疑問詞 + 一般疑問句 + 陳述語序。其中的一般疑問句通常被看成插入語,用于此句型的動詞有:think, say, believe, guess, suggest, imagine, suppose 等。因答語是個人的建議,故空白處填suggest。最佳答案為 D。

(3) 利用省略現(xiàn)象,造成理解困難

Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again. (上海卷)

A. it??????????? B. it repaired??????? C. repaired?? D. to be repaired

解析:題意為“布朗夫人很失望地看到她讓人修過的洗衣機又壞了”。題干中的 the washing machine went wrong 為 see 后的賓語從句,she had had (the washing machine) repaired 為 the washing machine 所帶的定語從句;定語從句謂語含have sth done 結(jié)構(gòu),為過去完成時。因先行詞the washing machine 在句中作 had 的賓語,故關(guān)系代詞 that 或 which 被省掉。故答案為 C。

Please tell me the way you thought of _______ the problem.?

A. solve??? B. to solve????????????????? C. solving????????? D. solved

解析:本題易誤選 C。題干中的 you thought of 為定語從句,因先行詞作賓語,省略了關(guān)系代詞that 或which。若先把這個定語從句去掉,題干的結(jié)構(gòu)就非常清楚,空白處為不定式作后置定語。故最佳答案為 B。

(4) 利用被動結(jié)構(gòu),避開考生熟悉的陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)

—George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

—No, I_______. Did they have a big wedding? (湖北卷)

A. was not invited?????????????????????? B. have not been invited

C. hadn’t been invited???????????????? D. didn’t invite

解析:考生對句型 invite sb to do sth 非常熟悉。根據(jù)答語,可知我沒有參加他們的婚禮,因為“我沒有受到邀請”。最佳答案為 A。

2. 注意排除思維定勢的影響

思維定勢就是人們總是按照已形成的一種習慣的、固定的思維方式去思考問題、解決問題。在解英語單項填空題時,僅憑死記一些語法規(guī)則和固定句型是不夠的,必須弄清題意和具體的語境,這樣才能靈活運用知識,取得優(yōu)異成績。

I’m sorry. I’m busy now. I can’t help________ the floor of the classroom.

A. sweeping?? B. swept????? C. to sweep?? D. to sweeping

解析:考生對can’t help doing sth(情不自禁做某事)這一句型非常熟悉,但是題意為“我很忙,不能幫你掃地”。故最佳答案為C。

Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.

A. to invent??? B. inventing??? C. to have invented???? D. having invented

解析:考生頭腦中有 consider doing 這一思維定勢,易誤選 D。而題干用了被動語態(tài),為動詞不定式作主語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu);因不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,用不定式的完成式。故最佳答案為 C。

3. 充分利用題干中關(guān)鍵詞提示

題干中含有一些重要的信息詞或關(guān)鍵詞,它們往往是解題的暗示。

The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (北京卷)

A. This is???????????????????? B. There is?????? C. That is???????????????????? D. It is

解析:在名詞性從句中,that 既無詞義,又不作句子成分,連接一個句子成分完整的陳述句。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu),特別是 that 的暗示,可判斷題干為主語從句,真正的主語為 that 從句而,需用 it 作形式主語。故最佳答案為 D。

4. 注意標點符號,正確理解題意

標點符號看似貌不驚人,但在做單項填空題時,它發(fā)揮著極其重要的作用。

There are eight tips in Dr Roger’s lecture on sleep, and one of them is: _____to bed early unless you think it is necessary.

A. doesn’t go??? B. not to go???? C. not going?? D. don’t go

解析:根據(jù)語境和冒號可知,后面為 Dr Roger’s lecture 中 tips 的內(nèi)容之一,應為祈使句。故最佳答案為 D。

If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ it—you’ve got some big bills coming. (廣東卷)

A. forget??????????? B. forgot???? C. forgetting?? D. to forget

解析:題干中的破折號后邊的句子相當于一個相反的結(jié)果,破折號的作用相當于 otherwise,它為我們提供了一個完整的語境,因此判斷逗號之后為表示建議的祈使句。故最佳答案為 A。

5. 注意英漢差異,排除母語干擾

英漢兩種語言在表達習慣和思維方式等方面都有所不同,要善于對比分析,注意差異,避免按照漢語思維來回答交際用語。

—Will you please come to my birthday party this weekend?

—________.

A. It’s kind of you. But I don’t want to.???

B. No, thank you. I don’t want to trouble you.

C. I’m sorry, I can’t. But I have other plans.

D. Sorry, because I’m too busy.

解析:按照西方人的習慣,在表示委婉拒絕時要先說 I’m sorry,然后用 but 引出拒絕的原因。故最佳答案為 C。

6. 關(guān)注交際語境,體會“弦外之音”

—Is John coming by train?

—He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car. (全國卷)

A. must  B. can   C. need  D. may

解析:語境暗示“他喜歡駕車,他可能開車來”。因此,他可能不坐火車來,用 may 表示不確定性。故最佳答案為 D。

—Do you guess he will give me a hand?

—It’s very unlikely, but he ______ be willing to help you.

A. must??? B. should??? C. might?? D. can

解析:語境暗示一種不確定性,用 might 表示可能性很小,因此最佳答案為 C。

7. 掌握重要句型,區(qū)分相似結(jié)構(gòu)

要熟練掌握一些英語中的重要句型,并注意區(qū)分相似結(jié)構(gòu),在對比中加深理解。如:“It is + 時間 / 時間段 + since / before / when / that + 分句”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法例示如下:

It has been three years since they got married. 他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚 3 年了。

It will be years before the project is completed. 這項工程要再過幾年才能竣工。

It was midnight when my dad got home. 我爸爸到家時已是午夜了。

It was on July 1st, 1921 that our Party was founded. 正是在 1921 年 7 月 1 日,我們的黨誕生了。

8. 注意固定搭配和慣用語

單項填空題中有些試題考查固定搭配和習慣用語。

Summers in ________ south of France are for ________ most part dry and sunny. (全國卷)

A. /; a   B. the; /     C. /; /    D. the; the

解析:本題考查兩個固定搭配。in the east / west / south / north of… 表示“在……的東 / 西 / 南 / 北”;for the most part 意為“大部分,大體是”。最佳答案為 D。

I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some______. (全國卷)

A. at last??? B. in case??? C. once again?? D. in time

解析:本題考查 4 個固定搭配在語境中的靈活運用。at last 意為“最后”,in case 意為“以防萬一”,once again 意為“再一次”,in time 意為“及時;終究”。結(jié)合題意可知最佳答案為 B。

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