用錯(cuò)冠詞位置的若干情形
在通常情況下,冠詞總是放在被修飾和說(shuō)明的名詞之前,若名詞前帶有定語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ),冠詞則放在相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)之前。但是當(dāng)名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)涉及以下詞語(yǔ)時(shí),情況會(huì)比較特殊,你千萬(wàn)別用錯(cuò)。
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一、當(dāng)涉及such, what, many時(shí)
當(dāng)such, what, many 修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在這些詞之后,而不是之前。如:I’ve never seen such a big apple. 我從未看到那樣大的蘋(píng)果。Many a woman has great influence upon her husband. Many a woman has great influ mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">許多婦女對(duì)其丈夫有很大影響。This hospital is a pattern of what a good hospital should be. 這家醫(yī)院就是好醫(yī)院的榜樣。說(shuō)明:many a 后接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于 many 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,但前者為正式用法,且語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。
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二、當(dāng)涉及how, however, so, too, as時(shí)
當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面的形容詞受到副詞how, however, so, too, as的修飾時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)形容詞之后。如:的修飾時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在相應(yīng)形容詞之后。如:She is as clever a cook as her mother. 她跟媽媽一樣做飯。It is too difficult a book for beginners. 那本書(shū)供初學(xué)者看太難了。It’s so interesting a film that we all like it. 那部電影很有趣,我們大家都喜歡看。He didn't know how great a mistake he had made. 他不知道他自己犯了一個(gè)好大的錯(cuò)誤。He has too mild a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause. 他的性情太溫和了,即使有充分的理由,他也不會(huì)動(dòng)怒。
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三、當(dāng)涉及rather, quite時(shí)
若單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前有rather, quite 修飾,則不定冠詞常放在這些詞之后。如:rather, quite Your daughter is quite a beauty. 你的女兒真是個(gè)大美人。She is quite a help to her mother. 她是她媽媽的得力助手。It took me quite a while to fill out the questionnaire. 填寫(xiě)那份問(wèn)卷花了我好長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。Mr Smith lived here for quite a long time. 史密斯先生在這兒住過(guò)很久。注意:若該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞還帶有形容詞修飾語(yǔ),則不定冠詞可放在這些詞語(yǔ)之前或之后。如:He was rather a [a rather] naughty student. 他是一個(gè)相當(dāng)淘氣的學(xué)生。另外,若不定冠詞與其他詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成習(xí)語(yǔ)或固定搭配時(shí),rather和quite只能位于不定冠詞之前。如:Quite a few people are interested in seeing movies. 不少人對(duì)看電影感興趣。

四、不定冠詞與 half的位置關(guān)系在通常情況下,不定冠詞位于half之后,如說(shuō) half an hour,half an apple 等。如:I’ll be ready in half a minute. 我馬上就準(zhǔn)備好。The river is half a mile across. 這條河有半英里寬。The baby had a gain of half a pound. 嬰兒的體重增加了半磅。不過(guò)在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中也可將不定冠詞置于half 之前,如說(shuō) a half hour, a half apple 等。值得注意的是,在以下情況中,必須說(shuō) a half,不能說(shuō) half a:1. 當(dāng)構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞時(shí):It’s a half-hour test. 那是一次半小時(shí)的測(cè)試。We need a half-dozen. 我們需要半打(即六個(gè))。2. 當(dāng)half 不表示“一半”時(shí):a half brother 同父異母或同母異父的兄弟3. 當(dāng)表示“幾個(gè)半”時(shí):We stayed there for two and a half weeks [two weeks and a half]. 我們?cè)谀莾捍袅藘芍馨?。The journey from London to Oxford takes about an hour and a half. 從倫敦到牛津大約需要一個(gè)半小時(shí)。
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五、定冠詞與both, all, half, twice的位置關(guān)系當(dāng)這些詞與定冠詞連用時(shí),定冠詞通常放在這些詞語(yǔ)之后。如:Not both the boys were ill. 并不是兩個(gè)孩子都病了。Yours is twice the size of mine. 你的是我的兩倍大。你的是我的兩倍大。Half the workers are women. 一半工人是婦女。There isn’t enough room for all the furniture. 沒(méi)有足夠的地方放置全部家具。

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