膠囊有毒?

“報道中說的鉻是三價鉻,做成膠囊(capsule)服用后的確可能致癌?!敝袊t(yī)藥包裝協(xié)會秘書長蔡弘接表示,一般膠囊的膠體(colloid)來自牛骨或牛皮,如果在加工過程中改用下腳料(leftovers),經(jīng)過皮革鞣質(zhì),就會出現(xiàn)鉻超量等重金屬超標(biāo)問題。根據(jù)我國食用明膠行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),嚴(yán)禁使用制革廠鞣制后的任何工業(yè)廢料(industrial waste)生產(chǎn)食用明膠。然而,無一例外,此次被曝光的長春海外制藥、修正藥業(yè)、通化金馬藥業(yè)、四川蜀中制藥等9家藥廠均以工業(yè)明膠為原料制成藥物膠囊。2010版《中國藥典》(Chinese Pharmacopoeia)還明確規(guī)定,藥用膠囊以及使用的明膠原料,重金屬鉻的含量均不得超過2mg/kg,但被曝光的13種藥用膠囊藥物中通化頤生藥業(yè)的“炎立消膠囊”中鉻含量甚至達(dá)到了181.54mg/kg,超標(biāo)90倍。

成本沖動?

此次涉事的9家公司中,四川蜀中制藥的諾氟沙星和阿莫西林膠囊都是基本藥物。按照國家基本藥物制度,國家藥監(jiān)局對基本藥物品種實行全部檢測,這兩個品種因何漏網(wǎng)并未得到解答。監(jiān)管的問題之外,多位相關(guān)人士也提出了價格影響的因素。由于新一輪醫(yī)改(medical reform)推進(jìn)和價格調(diào)控等多因素,近幾年的藥品特別是普通常用藥品的價格經(jīng)歷了多次價格調(diào)整,僅2011年一年,發(fā)改委公布藥物平均降價21%,下調(diào)162個品種、近1300個劑型規(guī)格的藥品?!氨热绨⒛髁?,基藥招標(biāo)采購一盒20多粒才2塊多,不如一瓶純凈水的價格,平均到每一粒上不到0.1元,明膠的成本降低對企業(yè)來說確實有誘惑?!蹦彻矩?fù)責(zé)人表示。今年全國“兩會”期間,對由不合理招標(biāo)制度(tendering system)引發(fā)的低價中標(biāo),以及潛藏的藥品質(zhì)量風(fēng)險,包括石藥集團(tuán)董事長蔡東晨等在內(nèi)的多位代表委員就直言,“按照中標(biāo)價格根本不可能生產(chǎn)出來”,將來一定是要出大問題的?!?/p>

【滬江小編】老酸奶和果凍涉嫌添加工業(yè)明膠的風(fēng)波尚未平息,皮革下腳料制成藥用膠囊的報道卻又接踵而來!修正藥業(yè)、通化藥業(yè)、海外制藥和蜀中制藥等知名藥企均登上了黑名單,被消費(fèi)者寄予信賴的大企業(yè)卻恰恰制成了“毒膠囊”,如此情形,怎能不讓消費(fèi)者感到害怕?

明膠 gelatin

Gelatin (or gelatine) is a translucent, colorless, brittle (when dry), flavorless solid substance, derived from the collagen inside animals' skin and bones. It is commonly used as a gelling agent in food, pharmaceuticals, photography, and cosmetic manufacturing. Substances containing gelatin or functioning in a similar way are called gelatinous. Gelatin is an irreversibly hydrolysed form of collagen, and is classified as a foodstuff. Gelatine is now classed as a food in its own right and not now subject to the food additives legislation in Europe. Gelatin has its own E-number 441. It is found in some gummy candies as well as other products such as marshmallows, gelatin dessert, and some low-fat yogurt. Household gelatin comes in the form of sheets, granules, or powder. Instant types can be added to the food as they are; others need to be soaked in water beforehand.

明膠一般由動物物質(zhì)精煉而成,因此明膠又稱“動物膠”(Animal glue)。制造者會將牛和豬的骨頭和皮膚放入約70英尺高的爐里煮滾提煉膠原,再浸濕隔渣。制作過程不使用動物的角和蹄。精練而成的物質(zhì)干后會磨成粉末,再混入砂糖、己二酸、順丁烯二酸、檸檬酸鈉,以及人造調(diào)味劑和食物色素。明膠被廣泛用于食品(尤其是甜品)及藥物的制造,甚至其他工業(yè)用途。作為一種天然乳化劑,其用于食品添加劑的E編碼是E441。食用的明膠一般為片狀或粉狀,即是明膠片或明膠粉,常用于制作果凍及布丁等甜品。