一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)問題不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞)的動(dòng)作若發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，用完成式，否則就用一般式。
例：1. I don’t know whether you happen ________, (遼寧卷)
A. to be heard???????????????????????
B. to be hearing
C. to hear?????????????????????????????
D. to have heard???????????????????????

【分析】答案選D。hear發(fā)生在謂語don’t know之前，用不定式的完成式。句意是：我不知道你是否已經(jīng)聽說過了，今年九月我要去美國學(xué)習(xí)。

2. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江蘇卷)
A. to work????????????????????????????
B. working
C. to have worked?????????????????
D. having worked????????
【分析】答案選D。work發(fā)生在謂語(返回祖國)之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語，表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于after he has worked abroad…不定式作狀語不能表示時(shí)間。
　　
“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. (四川卷)
A looking B. to look C. looked D. having looking

【分析】答案選A。look out of the window與謂語動(dòng)詞said同時(shí)發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作狀語，表示伴隨情況。若表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的情景或持續(xù)性，可用進(jìn)行式。如：若表示不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，并強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的情景或持續(xù)性，可用He seems to be reading a newspaper. 他好像在看報(bào)。

二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)問題當(dāng)不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與其邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)式；是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)式。如：Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. (全國卷)
A. to be taken????????????????????????
B. to take
C. being taken????????????????
D. taking

【分析】答案選A。句子主語Little Jim與take是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，“被帶去看戲”發(fā)生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語。說明：①動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義的情況：在作表語或賓補(bǔ)的形容詞后用狀語時(shí)；作定語修飾have, there be, this / that / these / those be等后面的名詞或代詞時(shí)；作表語的to blame等。如：1. The text is difficult to learn. 這篇課文很難學(xué)。(to learn主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))2. We found the text difficult to learn. 我們覺得這篇課文很難學(xué)。(to learn主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))3. He was to blame for that. 他因此受到了責(zé)備。(作表語的to blame主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))

4. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ? (上海卷 ________ )A. to be buying???????????????????????
B. to buy
C. for buying??????????????????????????
D. bought

【分析】答案選B。表示“有…要…”，常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。②need, want和require表示“需要表示”，主語通常是物時(shí)，后面除用不定式的被動(dòng)式外，也可用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。如：There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ________ road conditions need ________. (上海卷)
A. that; to be improved???????????
B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving????????????????
D. when; improving

【分析】答案選A。need improving=need to be improved。that引導(dǎo)的從句與problem是同位語。