( C )

Many critics worry about violence on television, most out of fear that it stimulates viewers to violent or aggressive acts. Our research, however, indicates that the consequences of experiencing TV’s symbolic world of violence may be much more far-reaching.

We have found that people who watch a lot of TV see the real world as more dangerous and frightening than those who watch very little. Heavy viewers are less trustful of their fellow citizens, and more fearful of the real world. Since most TV “action-adventure” dramas occur in urban settings, the fear they inspire may contribute to the current flee of the middle class from our cities. The fear may also bring increasing demands for police protection, and election of law-and-order politicians.

While none of us is completely dependent upon television for our view of the world, neither have many of us had the opportunity to observe the reality of police stations, courtrooms, corporate board rooms, or hospital operating rooms. Although critics complain about the fixed characters and plots of TV dramas, many viewers look on them as representative of the real world. Anyone who questions that statement should read the 250,000 letters, most containing requests for medical advice, sent by viewers to “Marcus Welby, M.D.” —a popular TV drama series about a doctor— during the first five years of his practice on TV.

Violence on television leads viewers to regard the real world as more dangerous than it really is, which must also influence the way people behave. When asked, “Can most people be trusted?” the heavy viewers were 35 percent more likely to choose “Can’t be too careful.”

Victims, like criminals, must learn their proper roles, and televised violence may perform the teaching function all too well. Instead of worrying only about whether television violence causes individual displays of aggression in the real world, we should also be concerned about social reality. Passive acceptance of violence in the face of injustice may result from far greater social concern than occasional displays of individual aggression.

We have found that violence on prime-time（黃金時(shí)段）network TV cultivates overstated （夸大的）assumptions about the threat of danger in the real world. Fear is a universal emotion, and easy to exploit. The overstated sense of risk and insecurity may lead to increasing demands for protection, and to increasing pressure for the use of force by established authority. Instead of threatening the social order, television may have become our chief instrument of social control.

72.Which of the following is NOT among the consequences of watching TV too much?

A. Distrusting people around. B. Moving into rural areas.

C. Turning to the police for protection. D. Holding more elections.

73. According to the passage, why did “Marcus Welby, M.D.” receive so many letters?

A. Because viewers believed the doctor did exist in the real life.

B. Because certain TV programmes recommended him to viewers.

C. Because he was an experienced doctor and saved many lives.

D. Because the TV appealed to people to pay attention to health.

74. According to the author, _________ is mainly to blame for people’s fear of the real world.

A. network TV B. social reality

C. individual display of violence D. televised violence

75. We can infer from the passage that __________.

A. people tend to be aggressive or violent after watching TV too much

B. people can learn to protect themselves from dangers by watching TV

C. the occasional displays of individual aggression may threaten the social order　

D. watching TV may cause the misuse of authority and disturb the social order?

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each?paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.?

76.

One very important component of optimism is gratitude. In fact, there is a strong connection between a grateful attitude and a heightened sense of well-being. Appreciate all the positives in your life by starting a gratitude journal in order to remember what you're thankful for. By remembering the pleasant things in your life, you can actually turn a negative attitude around.

77.

Feeling down? Instead of moping around waiting for the universe to throw you a bone, try acting like you're happy—even if you aren't. A genuine smile and a forced smile will cause the same chemical reactions in your brain, so you can actually fool your mind into feeling better by making it react chemically as if things were going well. So act in an optimistic way—smile, laugh, tell a joke or reassure yourself that everything is good—even if you don't feel it."

78.

"People tend to think in an either-or way: If you're stuck in traffic, then everything else must be going horribly too," says Anne Parker, a wellness counselor. By blowing negative events out of proportion, you're setting yourself up for feeling down all day. "Instead, acknowledge that you're stuck in traffic, but also bring to mind something good, like the beautiful scenery outside the window, or the interesting radio show you’re listening to." That way, you'll get in the habit of forbidding negative circumstances from blanketing your whole day, and you'll learn to see them as just one small part of an otherwise good day.

79.

Pledging to lose 20 pounds or run a marathon seem like goals that will lead to happiness, but they take time to achieve. By focusing on not having accomplished them yet, you will start to feel down on yourself-and may even end up throwing in the towel, causing your outlook on life to worsen. However, if you focus on the small milestones that occur along the way, you will feel positive about your progress, which will give you the momentum to keep going.

80.

Want to give your attitude a boost? Try making someone else's day better. A report by United Healthcare and Volunteer Match found that volunteers are 72% more likely to characterize themselves as optimistic compared with non-volunteers. Plus, 89% of volunteers say that volunteering has improved their sense of well-being, and 92% say that it enriches their sense of purpose in life.

Section D

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in?the fewest possible words.

It’s all too much.

Psychologists in Britain have said that the last full week of January is the most depressing time of a year, and labelled next Monday ‘Blue Monday’. Blue is a slang way of saying unhappy.

Mondays are generally seen as the worst day of the week because people feel bad-tempered and tired at having to go back to work after a weekend with a different sleep pattern.

There are various reasons why more people feel depressed at this time of year. Many people have unpaid credit card bills for the Christmas presents they bought, and pay day is often not until the end of the month.

As the party season is over, people feel stressed because they have to go back to real life – work and commuting(乘公交車上下班); and they may be unhappy with their body image after bingeing（大吃大喝） on alcohol, chocolates, and other food at Christmas-time.

People may have already failed in their New Year’s resolutions, such as giving up smoking. The bad weather in January can also contribute to people feeling fed up.
Some companies are taking this quite seriously and offering professional advice for any staff who are feeling depressed. They hope that helping people as soon as there are signs of depression will avoid their absence from work. Evidence shows that unreasonable managers who contribute to their staff feeling fed up at this time can expect an uncooperative workforce.

However, it’s not all bad! Many people feel optimistic at this time, that things can only get better. Psychologists offer suggestions of how to fight against feeling blue. These include spending 15 minutes doing a “gratitude exercise” thinking about and writing down what you are grateful for, such as health, family, friends and so on.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

81.According to psychologists in Britain, what is the most depressing time of a year?

82.What economic factor may give rise to people’s depression at that time of the year?

83.To ensure that the employees come back to work after the long holiday, many companies _____________.

84.Psychologists believe that a 15-minute “gratitude exercise” may help _____________.?