Part? IV? Translation (30 minutes, 15 points)

　　Direction: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your pieces of Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet II.
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　　As we enter the 21st century, the gap between the worlds’s rich and poor is widening, both within and among countries. 1) The vast majority of the world's population is receiving an ever-decreasing share of its collective wealth, while the share claimed by a few rich nations and individuals is steadily growing. In 2001 Forbes magazine counted 538 billionaires with a total net worth of 1.7 trillion dollars, while the United Nations identified 2.8 billion people surviving on less than two dollars a day. Overall, the richest 20 percent of the world's people control 86 percent of global income, while the poorest 20 percent control barely one percent.
The impacts of this widening rich-poor gap are varied and worrisome. 2) They include environmental destruction—richer nations and individuals can afford to over-consume resources, while poorer nations and individuals are forced to over-exploit the environment just to survive. They include migration—people are forced to move in search of adequate resources. And they include conflict—wealthier nations and individuals fight to keep what they have, while those suffering a lack of resources fight to obtain them. 3) Because poorer groups typically lack the assets and technology to conduct large-scale conventional war to obtain their goals, they often resort to low-intensity conflict and terrorism.

　　The causes of this global disparity are diverse and complex, but include colonial era trading patterns that favor industrialized nations; the globalization of economies and economic structures, in which poor nations struggle to compete; a growing "digital divide" characterized by lack of access to information technology; inadequate governance and protection of law; and lack of access to education, healthcare, and social safety nets, especially for women and girls.

　　4) Individuals and nations need not remain in poverty indefinitely, however. With an awareness of the interdependence of our modern world and a concerted 　　political will, it is possible to reverse this trend that threatens to divide the world against itself. And reversing this trend would have powerful and positive impact on our future.
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　　5) Bringing the nearly 5 billion people of the less industrialized world into a sustainable economy through “pro-poor” policies would provide a tremendous boost to the world economy, as well as to those people. With increased economic opportunities comes improved access to nutrition, education, and health care. With those comes higher income, greater autonomy—especially for women—and the opportunity to pursue environmentally sound technologies and products.

　　進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來，在全球范圍內(nèi)，不論是國內(nèi)還是國家之間，貧富差距加大。全球財(cái)富中，世界上絕大多數(shù)人所能獲得的份額在日益減少，而少數(shù)幾個(gè)富人和富國所獲得的份額卻在穩(wěn)步增長。2001年《福布斯》雜志收錄了資本凈值總額為l．7萬億美元的538位億萬富翁，而聯(lián)合國確認(rèn)有28億人每天靠不足2美元艱難度日?？偟恼f來，全世界最富裕的20％的人口控制著全球86％的財(cái)富，而最貧窮的20％的人El所占的財(cái)富僅為1％。

　　貧富差距日益加大所產(chǎn)生的影響是方方面面的，也是令人擔(dān)憂的。其中包括對環(huán)境的破壞：富人和富國因財(cái)力充足而過度地消費(fèi)資源；窮人和窮國為了生存而不得不過度地開發(fā)利用環(huán)境。其次是遷移——人們?yōu)榱藢ふ易銐虻馁Y源而不得不背井離鄉(xiāng)。還有沖突——富人和富國通過對抗以確保對財(cái)富的所有權(quán)；飽受資源不足之苦的窮人和窮國則通過對抗來獲得他們所需要的資源。貧窮的群體一般都缺乏資金和技術(shù)，無力從事大規(guī)模的常規(guī)戰(zhàn)爭以達(dá)到自己的目的，因此常常訴諸于小型的對抗和恐怖活動。

　　雖然導(dǎo)致全球貧富差距的原因是多方面的，也是很復(fù)雜的，但是其中就包括了有利于工業(yè)化國家的殖民時(shí)代的貿(mào)易模式；窮國在其中奮力抗?fàn)幍慕?jīng)濟(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的全球化；由于信息技術(shù)不發(fā)達(dá)而逐漸增大的“數(shù)字化差異"；法律管理和保護(hù)的不善；教育、醫(yī)療保健、社會安全保障體系的缺乏，尤其是針對婦女和女童的安全保障體系的缺乏。