獨立主格、虛擬語氣、非謂語動詞、主謂一致、倒裝


獨立主格特征
1. 充當(dāng)句子的狀語。
2. 有自己的主語，同句子的主語不一致。
3. 名詞（代詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞）+ 分詞
4.? With + 名詞 （代詞） + 分詞 (形容詞）
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle).
真題剖析
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are?? 46?? of the material which would? 47? feed them.
? 45. A. For??? B. As???? C. With???? D. Because
練習(xí)：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do.
8. A. is?????? B. having??????? C. being??????? D. be
虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣（2）
1. （should）+動詞原形
It +be動詞+形容詞(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that從句
It +be動詞+名詞(pity,shame…)+that從句
It +be動詞+過去分詞(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that從句
部分名詞/動詞(表示建議，勸告，決定等) +that從句
2. It’s (high, about) time that +動詞過去式
?????? would rather +動詞過去式
真題剖析
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I? 47? say that teaching is hard work . …
?? 47. A. do?? B. did?? C. don’t?? D. didn’t
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration? 52 , and they??? 53? that the professor be sent home.
?53. A. ordered?? B. pleaded?? C. decided? D. demanded
練習(xí)：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart.
15. A. took?????? B. would take???? C. will take????? D. should take
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing.
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)
54.A. shall?? ??? ???
非謂語動詞
動名詞、分詞、不定式。
主動或被動。(doing/done, to do /to be done)
發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前還是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)
To在什么情況下作介詞，什么情況下作不定式引導(dǎo)詞。
真題剖析
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies? 60? into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.
60. A. dropped? B. to drop? C. dropping?
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a? 59? life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways.
59. A. destructive?? B. dissatisfied??? C. damaged???? D. derivative
主謂一致
1. 整體及抽象概念作主語，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式。
?? How you got there doesn’t concern me.
?? Growing vegetables needs constant watering.
2.? 表示時間、距離、重量、容量、價值等概念作主語，謂語多用單數(shù)。
?? Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.??
3. 以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），謂語通常用單數(shù)形式。
4. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+主語”，謂語跟主語保持一致。
?? Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).
5. 不定代詞(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。
?? Everyone knows that you’ve come here.
?? If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.??? (--thing 的情況例外)