41．It means reorganising them on democratic lines，with governing boards made up of workers and technicians from the trade unions concerned，loyal to the concept of nationalisation as a force for social changes and operating their industry according to anational plan arrived at democratically by the community as a whole．
　　這意味著：要以民主的方式，由有關(guān)工會(huì)的工人和技術(shù)員所組成的管理董事會(huì)來改組各項(xiàng)工業(yè)。這些工人和技術(shù)員作為社會(huì)改革的一支力量要忠實(shí)于國有化這一觀念，同時(shí)他們必須按照由作為整體的社會(huì)用民主方法制定的全國性計(jì)劃來管理各工業(yè)。(on．．．1ines，“按照……方針，辦法”，作狀語。with．．．concerned介詞短語作狀語，用來修飾動(dòng)名詞reorganising。Made up of．．．過去分詞短語作定語修飾boards。loyal．．．changes為形容詞短語修飾workers and technicians。as force for social changes是“工人和技術(shù)員”的同位語，operating．．．a(chǎn)s a whole為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，也是用來修飾workers and technidans。它是與形容詞短語loyal。。．是并列關(guān)系。arrive at作出(決定)，得出(結(jié)論)等。句中arrived at．．．whole是過去分詞短語作定語修飾plan。)
來源：考試大
　　42．Thirty-five seconds into the flight，with the solid rockets pumping out maximum power，Challenger—like all its predecessors—was undergoing severe aerodynamic stress．
　　“挑戰(zhàn)者”號(hào)在其固體燃料助推火箭發(fā)出最大推力的推動(dòng)下，飛行了35秒后，同以前的航天飛機(jī)一樣，正在承受著巨大的空氣動(dòng)力的壓力。(with the solid．．．復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用作狀語，有條件意味。)
來源：考試大
　　43．A gas，such as steam (water vapor) in the cylinder of asteam engine，has neither deftnite shape nor definite volume-it changes its sshape and also its svolume with change in the shape and? volume of the container．
　　氣體，例如蒸汽機(jī)汽缸中的水蒸氣，既無一定的形狀，也無一定的體積。氣體的形狀和體積是隨著容器的形狀和體積的改變而變化的。(change．．．with，“隨……而變化”。)
來源：考試大
　　44．Their wide use in industry is due not only to these properties but to the fact that the common metals can be shaped into required objects by deformation and by casting into mold，and to the? fact that their properties can be greatly altered by alloying with other metals．
　　金屬在工業(yè)中之所以得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，不僅是由于它們具有上述這些性能，而且還由于普通的金屬可以通過加工和鑄造而形成所需要的制品，同時(shí)還由于金屬的特性可通過與其他金屬熔成合金而顯著地改變。(due to，“由于”。to these properties，to the fact，and to the fact都是due所要求的。句中兩個(gè)that均引出同位語從句。)
來源：考試大
　　45．Newton generalized the idea by supposing that any two particles in the universe gravitate? towards each other with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly as the product of their masses．
來源：考試大
　　46．? If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindly，? without knowing its history，its accuracy and the limits of its sapplicability，the results that he obtains will be neither intelligent nor practical．
　　如果一個(gè)工程師盲目地應(yīng)用一個(gè)公式、一張圖表或一條曲線，而對(duì)它的來歷、精確度和應(yīng)用范圍卻一無所知，那么他所得到的結(jié)果既不明智，也不實(shí)際。(without．．．a(chǎn)pplicability介詞短語作謂語applies的條件狀語。that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在句中作obtains的賓語。)
來源：考試大
　　47．The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were composed of a proton and electron combined，with the positive charge of the proton neutralized by the? negative charge of the electron．
　　中子不帶電荷，并且有點(diǎn)像是由質(zhì)子和電子結(jié)合而成的，質(zhì)子的正電荷被電子的負(fù)電荷中和了。(in somerespects，“在某些方面”，“有點(diǎn)”。act as though，“表現(xiàn)得似乎”。as though引導(dǎo)方式方法狀語從句，其謂語常用虛擬語氣。句末with引出介詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)前句的謂語作補(bǔ)充說明。)