動(dòng)詞不定式是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的難點(diǎn)之一，也是構(gòu)成長(zhǎng)句的一個(gè)重要因素。不定式有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，組成不定式短語(yǔ)。在分析句子時(shí)要把不定式短語(yǔ)看作一個(gè)整體。不定式在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

??? 不定式短語(yǔ)在句中分析與翻譯的實(shí)例

??? 1.You will remember that the materials which combine to make a mixture do not completely lose their individual qualities．They do not do so because their molecules are not broken up and built into new molecules with new qualities．

??? 你們要記住，組成混合物的各種物質(zhì)完全沒(méi)有失去它們各自的性質(zhì)。它們之所以這樣，是因?yàn)樗鼈兊姆肿硬](méi)有分解，沒(méi)有形成具有新性質(zhì)的新分子。(不定式短語(yǔ)to make a mixture是謂語(yǔ)combine的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。)

?? ?2．The moon's pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at the point closest to the? moon and also at a point farthest from themoon，on the oppositeside of the earth．

??? 月球的引力會(huì)引起近月點(diǎn)處和地球另一端的遠(yuǎn)月點(diǎn)處海洋的海水略深一些。(cause sth．To do sb，“引起……作……”。to be alittle deeper．．．作water賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。)

　　3．? It is also a familiar fact that a force is required to slow down or stop a body which is already in motion，and that a sidewise force must be exerted on a moving body to deviate it from a straight line．

??? 要使一個(gè)已經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體慢下來(lái)或使其停止運(yùn)動(dòng)就需要作用力；要使該物體偏離直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，就需要橫向作用力，這也是大家所熟悉的事實(shí)。(it是形式主語(yǔ)，代替that引出的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。不定式短語(yǔ)to deviate．．．1ine是目的狀語(yǔ)，其中it代替the moving body。)

　　4．Though only l07 elements have been discovered，they combine in enough different ways to make the millions and millions of different things in the world．

??? 雖然只發(fā)現(xiàn)了107種元素，但是這些元素以不同的方式化合在一起就會(huì)形成世界上無(wú)數(shù)的千差萬(wàn)別的東西。(不定式短語(yǔ)to make．．．作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明enough。)

　　5．Since we have already associated flow of charge or current with the existence of potential difference，it becomes of interest and importance to establish a quantitative relation between these two quantities．

??? 因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)把電荷的流動(dòng)即電流與電位差的存在聯(lián)系起來(lái)，因而在這兩個(gè)量之間確立一種數(shù)量關(guān)系就成為重要而值得注意的問(wèn)題了。(不定式短語(yǔ)to establish．一quantities是主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)。)

　　6．Apart from the enormous outflow of funds from the oil-consuming countries，a more basic? concern is the capability of the major exporters of crude oil to achieve a continuing production target? roughly doubling output every tenyears to meet the required oil demand if present trend continues．

??? 且不談?dòng)糜蛧?guó)的資金大量外流，更令人擔(dān)心的重要問(wèn)題是：如果目前的這種趨勢(shì)繼續(xù)發(fā)展下去，那么主要原油出口國(guó)是否有能力每10年大致將產(chǎn)量翻一番以滿足對(duì)石油的需求。

　　?(a-partfrom，“除了，且不說(shuō)”。of．．．oil作capability的定語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)to achieve．．．continue也作定語(yǔ)，修飾capability。這個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)中包含有：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)roughly doubling．．．continue。這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中又包含有不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)to meet．．．continue和if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)，這兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)都用來(lái)修飾doubling。)